International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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The Effect of Zinc Sulfate on Malnutrition in Hemodialysis Patients
Get PDFBackground: Malnutrition is common in hemodialysis patients and it must be controlled quickly. This study aimed to investigate the effect of zinc sulfate on malnutrition in dialysis patients.
Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial on 84 hemodialysis patients referred to Imam Hossain Hospital in Shahroud (northeastern of Iran). Patients were randomly divided into two case and control groups. For the intervention group, one tablet of zinc sulfate 220 mg was administered daily for 8 weeks. Both groups were subjected to standard dialysis three times in the week and all patients were assessed for malnutrition using a standard questionnaire, lab tests, and necessary examinations in the first stage, one month and two months after the treatment.
Results: Of 84 patients, 39 cases (46.4%) were female and rest was male. The mean age of the patients was 59.1±27.2 years. The mean total duration of dialysis was 2.9±2.3 years. The severity and extent of malnutrition at the beginning and one month after the study did not differ between the two groups, but after the second month, there was a significant decrease of malnutrition in the intervention group (Pvalue=0.015). Also, malnutrition variables were significantly associated with BMI less than 18 kg/m2 (Pvalue<0.039), and serum creatinine less than 3 mg/dl (Pvalue<0.011) and hemoglobin less than 11 g/dl (Pvalue<0.001),
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that zinc sulfate consumption for at least 2 months could significantly reduce the severity of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients.
Keywords: Malnutrition, Zinc sulfate, Hemodialysis
The Effect of Calcium-D Supplementation on Glucose Control of Patients with Gestational Diabetes
Get PDFBackground: Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a complication of pregnancy that is characterized by intolerance to carbohydrates and metabolic diseases. Gestational diabetes has many maternal and fetal complications that need to be carefully controlled. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of calcium-D supplementation on glucose control of patients with gestational diabetes.
Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 84 pregnant women with GDM. Some inclusion criteria included a positive one-step test during the 24th-28th week of pregnancy and definitive diagnosis of GDM and some exclusion criteria including patients with a previous history of diabetes who required insulin therapy during the intervention. The intervention group were given routine treatment and calcium supplements plus vitamin D and the control group were given routine treatment only. Fasting blood glucose was measured monthly in both groups until the end of pregnancy. All analyses were performed using SPSS software version 16 and related tests like mean± SD, chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. Significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: Of the 84 patients examined, the mean age was 29.4±5.2 years old and there were no significant differences between the two groups (Pvalue= 0.189). The mean BMI of all patients was 25.31±2.72 kg/m2 and there was no significant difference between the two groups (Pvalue= 0.312). The mean of the FBS level at the end of the study in the case group was 91.5±12.9 mg/dl and in the control group it was 98.9±15.8 mg/dl, which was significantly lower in the case group (p=0.014). GDM variables were significantly associated with a positive history of diabetes mellitus (Pvalue<0.033), previous history of GDM (Pvalue<0.013) and FBS (Pvalue<0.001) and there was no significant relationship with other variables.
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that calcium-D supplementation has a significant effect on glucose control in patients with GDM and its use is recommended in these patients.
Keywords: Gestational diabetes, Calcium, Vitamin D, Glucose
A Study of Life Skill Components in Clients Referred to Health and Counseling Centers
Get PDFBackground: Life skills include a set of abilities to increase the power of adaptability and positive behavior. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of ten life skill components and their related factors among individuals referring to veterans\u27 health and counseling centers in the city of Tehran.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among participants over the age of 20. The sample size was estimated based on the Morgan table and Cochran sampling formula. The present study utilized the shortened life skills scale including 10 subscales. Data were analyzed using statistical t-test, Pearson correlation, and one-way analysis of variance.
Results: The total mean of life skills was significantly higher among women (P value=0.01). Age had a significant direct correlation with total life skills (r=0.19). There were significant differences between the three educational levels in 8 out of 10 components. The decision-making power had a significant correlation with "problem solving" and "creative thinking". "Critical thinking" had a high correlation with "effective communication", "coping with stress" and "attracting social support". "Coping with emotion" had a direct and high correlation with "coping with stress" and "self-awareness" but its correlation was reversed with "creative thinking".
Conclusions: The mean score of life skills among clients of veteran`s health and counseling centers was slightly higher than the average population; while the rate of enjoyment of life skills was different in this subpopulation. The results implicate an urgent need to improve life skills, especially for highly educated people.
Keywords: Life skills, Veterans, Cross-sectional study, Iran
The The Urban-Outskirt Difference in Subjective Well-being Level among Tehran and Rasht Dwellers as Iranian Metropolises. Are Tehran Dwellers more Satisfied? Are Tehran Dwellers more Satisfied?
No full textBackground: Along with general health and economic indices, policymakers are more dealing with the subjective well-being (SWB) of society as a criterion to evaluate their performance. Also, the increasing number of articles published in mainstream health economics journals approves that the importance of SWB is increasing. The aim of the study was to investigate the urban-outskirt difference in subjective well-being level among Tehran and Rasht dwellers as Iranian metropolises.
Methods: The analysis of the study is based on a structured interview that has been carried out by a designed questionnaire with 451 people living in Tehran and Rasht selected by the stratified two-stage cluster sampling method in 2018. One of these study innovations is defining the relative SWB index, a proxy for SWB and happiness. As the second main contribution, we try to overcome data unreliability about income and wealth by defining a specific index for identifying the financial status of interviewees. A series of statistical techniques like Ordered Probit were used.
Results: According to the results, the city dwellers have higher life satisfaction (5.23 out of 7) than outskirt dwellers (5.05) while keeping the other factors to be constant. Also, People who live in Rasht had a lower level of SWB (5.06) than Tehran dwellers (5.22). The impact of religious belief is positive on the SWB level.
Conclusions: It is for several years that international reports show that Iranian people are not at a proper level of happiness. Having more financial satisfaction, and feeling more positive emotions should be considered across society. Besides, being the landlord has a statistically significant positive effect on city dwellers’ SWB.
Keywords: Self-Assessments, Happiness, Urban Population, Personal Satisfaction
Is the Staple Food Consumed Changes in Diabetics can Affect the Quality of Life? A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial.
Get PDFBackgrounds: Diabetes is one of the chronic diseases that need continual medical care and self-care education, as well as nutritional therapy as an integral part of dietary management. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of bulk bread formulated with portulaca oleracea on quality of life (QOL) in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted on 104 patients with type 2 diabetes. Participants received bulk bread containing 10% portulaca powder for 8 weeks (intervention group); the control group used their normal daily bread. The quality of life score was estimated in both groups by the use of the Short-form 36-Item (SF-36) questionnaire before the intervention, and 8 weeks after dietary intervention, the quality of life score between both groups was compared. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: The difference in the mean score of quality of life of the studied units in different dimensions of physical function, role limitation due to physical problems, role limitation due to emotional problems, physical pain, social function, energy and vitality, mental health, general health, and overall quality of life showed that there was a significant difference in the mean in all dimensions and quality of life, except mental health, was observed in the case group after the intervention. The mean difference in quality of life in different dimensions before and after the intervention in the intervention group is significant.
Conclusions: According to the results, it was revealed that consumption bulk bread formulated with portulaca oleracea can promote the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes. So, it can be concluded that portulaca oleracea as a functional plant can be found in bread as a new treatment and prevention method in patients with diabetes.
Keywords: Bread, Portulaca oleracea, Quality of life, Type 2 diabetes. 
The Acute Garlic Supplementation Ameliorates Exercise-Induced Lipid Peroxidation in Sedentary Individuals
No full textBackground: The aim of study was to determine the acute effect of garlic supplementation on total antioxidant capacity and some markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress in sedentary individuals.
Methods: In a randomized and double-blinded study, 10 sedentary males (age 22.9±1.9 years, Weight 70.5±8.7 kg, BMI 22.9±2 kg/m2, and fat 14.2±4.6 %) performed two sessions of aerobic exercise after either placebo (1000 lg starch) or garlic consumption (1000 mg allicin). Aerobic exercise consisted of 30 minutes running at the intensity of %75-80 of maximal heart rate. Three blood samples were taken before supplementation, 4 hours after supplementation and immediately after exercise and were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Malondialdehyde (MDA), and creatine kinase (CK) levels. Repeated measures of ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were applied to analyze the data. The significance level was set at 0.05.
Results: Results showed that garlic supplementation had no significant effect on resting levels of variables (Pvalue>0.05). Aerobic exercise significantly decreased TAC and increased serum levels of MDA and CK levels (Pvalue<0.05) but the rise of MDA level following exercise was significantly diminished at garlic condition (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Based on the findings of the present study, acute garlic supplementation had no effect on exercise-induced cell damage but may ameliorate exercise-induced lipid peroxidation.
Key Words: Garlic, Antioxidant Capacity; Exercise, Oxidative Stress, Lipid Peroxidation, CK
The Comparison of the Effect of Inhalational Isoflurane-Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia and Intravenous Propofol-Remifentanil Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain
No full textBackground: The severity of postoperative pain varies widely in the different types of anesthesia. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia and propofol-remifentanil anesthesia on postoperative pain after foot and ankle surgery.
Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 60 eligible patients were divided into two equal intervention and control groups; the first group inhaled anesthesia with isoflurane-nitrous oxide and the control group were given intravenous anesthesia with propofol-remifentanil using the quadruple random block model and postoperative pain intensity was measured and compared in the two groups. Data on pain severity were collected at different times and analyzed using SPSS statistical software and related tests. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: Of the 60 participants, 38 (52.4%) were male and 22 (47.6%) were female. The mean age of the participants was 33.9±15.1 years. The intensity of pain in the recovery room and up to 4 hours after surgery was significantly (Pvalue<0.001) lower in the intervention group but after 4 hours there was no significant difference between the two groups. So, it can be seen in the present study that there was a significant decrease (Pvalue<0.036) in the number of cases requiring analgesics prescribed in the recovery room and up to 4 hours after surgery in the intervention group.
Conclusions: According to the results, evaporation anesthetic isoflurane-nitrous oxide can be used in the stage of induction of anesthesia in orthopedic surgeries, and has achieved good results in reducing pain, especially during the first 4 hours, postoperative.
Key Words: Isoflurane, Propofol, Inhaler Anesthesia, IV Anesthesia, Postoperative Pai
Investigating the Effective Factors on the Needle Stick Injuries and Personnel’s Approach in Bahar Medical Education Center in Shahroud During 2009-2018: Needle stick injuries and personnel’s approach
No full textBackground: The aim of the study was to determine the causes and rate of needle stick injuries among Bahar Hospital in Shahroud during 2009-2018.
Methods: This is a descriptive case series study conducted in Bahar educational and research center in Shahroud. The study population included all health care workers and service staff during 2009-2018. Census sampling was performed using health care records of the medical and paramedical group (individual at risk of occupational exposure) from the beginning of January 2009 to the end of December 2018. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency), and t-test and analysis of variances for quantitative values.
Results: A total of 246 cases of needle sticks were reported in ten years. Most cases belonged to bachelor\u27s staff (69.1%), nursing job group (69.5%), emergency department and labor (28.9%), equipment of injections (75.6%), injections (45.5%), carelessness (37%), recapping (24.8%), and at night shift (51.6%) were observed. Bleeding from the injured site was the most common post-exposure action (44.3%).
Conclusions: Considering the high prevalence of needle stick among health care workers, instruction of prevention methods, holding educational classes, emphasizing on vaccination, controlling HBV antibody titer, and designing a precise reporting mechanism for personnel is necessary.
Keywords: Needle Stick, Health Care Workers, Incidence, Iran
The The Effect of Tramadol Addiction on Convulsion and Related Factors
No full textBackground: Tramadol is a drug used to control severe pain. Various side effects of this drug have been reported, one of the most important is seizures. The exact cause of tramadol-induced seizures is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tramadol addiction on convulsion and related factors in 2018.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 216 patients with convulsion referred to Imam Hossain Hospital of Shahroud in 2018. After reviewing and stabilizing vital signs, a questionnaire containing demographic information, medical history, medication use (especially tramadol), and drugs was completed by patients. The association between recurrent convulsion and predictors were assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Data were analyzed and compared using SPSS statistical software, version 16 and related statistical tests. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: In this study from 216 participants, 154 (71.3%) of them were male and the rest were female. The mean age of the all patients was 44.8±18.2 years (17-72 years) that was no significant difference between the two groups. Recurrent convulsion was significantly associated with history of opium use (Pvalue<0.032) and tramadol using (Pvalue<0.001) and there was no significant relationship with other variables. Tramadol using cans double your chances of having a recurrent convulsion [OR=2 (95% CI: 1.752 – 2.689)].
Conclusions: The results of this study showed that taking tramadol in opium users can increase the incidence of recurrent convulsion, but more research is needed to fully confirm this.
Key words: Tramadol, Convulsion, Side effect
The Effects of Neurofeedback and Play Therapy on Dynamic Balance in 4-10 years old Children with Diplegic Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Get PDFBackground: Dynamic balance is one of the most important challenges for kids who suffer from cerebral palsy especially diplegic spastic ones. Therefore, this study designed to compare the neurofeedback and play therapy training on dynamic balance in 4-10 years old diplegic spastic cerebral palsy kids.
Methods: Quasi-experimental with three groups and pre-posttest design. This study has involved 26 spastic diplegia cerebral palsy children in 1st and 2nd grades, according to the GMFCS protocol. The researcher performed first, initial tests to evaluate the patient’s equilibrium level, by using the PBS assessment instruments. To investigate the study goals, the patients were divided into two groups with a two-study method of neurofeedback and play therapy. Each group has done their special exercises during 10 sessions in 2 weeks for the first group and 20 sessions in 4 weeks for the second time and finally, the PBS test was repeated. Primary data were analyzed using descriptive and argumentative statistics by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test, Wilcoxon test, and one-way and two-way ANOVA test. All of these analyzes were done by SPSS software.
Results: The study’s results confirm that play therapy has shown a meaningful effect (Pvalue=0.042), while the effect of the neurofeedback method does not represent any legal effect on one’s dynamic balance. In the case of the dynamic balance, the play therapy group has shown better operation in post-tests compared with the neurofeedback group.
Conclusions: As results show the play therapy method has shown a meaningful effect on dynamic balance so it has been suggested to improving elderlies balance.
Keywords: Cerebral palsy, Neurofeedback, Play therapy, Statistic equivalent, Dynamic equivalent