International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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Factors Affecting Medical Tourism Destination Selection: A Mix Methods Study in a Developing Country
Get PDFBackground: Health tourism is an important and growing industry in the world. Iran has long been one of the active centers of health tourism in the Middle East region. Due to the important role of the medical tourism industry in the global economy, this study aimed to determine factors affecting and challenges on medical tourism.
Methods: A mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) study was carried out in the southeast of Iran, where has a border with Afghanistan and Pakistan countries. All patients who were referred to Sistan and Baluchistan province hospitals (six hospitals) between 2010 - 2018 were selected with the census method. In the qualitative phase, a semi-structured interview had done on 17 experts specialized in health tourism in 2019. All interviews were recorded and written daily. Finally, the data were analyzed by the content analysis method.
Results: About 349 health tourists had referred to the selected hospitals from 2010 to 2018, of which 213 (61%) patients were male and 234 persons (39%) were married. The majority of the patients belonged to Afghanistan (190 patients, 54.4%). Four main themes affect the development of the medical tourism industry included human resource, specialized services, facilities, and infrastructure services and security conditions.
Conclusion: Despite the high capacity of health tourism in the southeast of Iran, a few health tourists used the hospital services. Planning and policy-making must be done correctly in the field of infrastructure, medical equipment, marketing, and advertising. Also, attention should be paid to transportation infrastructure for easy access to these centers, as well as training capable and specialized medical staff in various medical centers.
Keywords: Evaluation, Development Barriers, Health Tourism
Comparing the Life Meaning, the Feeling of Loneliness, and the Image of God in Prisoners and Non-Prisoners
Get PDFBackground: This study aimed to compare the life meaning, the feeling of loneliness, and the image of God in two imprisoned and non - imprisoned groups.
Methods: The research design consisted of the type of comparative descriptive - causal studies and the statistical population is all prisoners of Semnan city, and to participate in the study, 60 prisoners and 60 non-prisoners were selected by the available method, as well as two groups, in terms of some demographic variables, were matched. The measurement tools of the study included the Life Meaning Questionnaire (Steger), Feeling of Loneliness (Russell), and Imagination of God (Greenaway). Questionnaires were analyzed after collection.
Results: The results of the study showed that there is a significant difference between the life meaning in two prisoners and non-prisoners groups and the mean score of the meaning of life in the prison group is significantly lower than the non-prison group. There is also a significant difference in loneliness between two prisoners and non- prisoners groups and the mean of loneliness scores in prisoners is significantly higher than non-prisoners. On the other hand, there is a significant difference regarding "image of God" between prisoners and non-prisoners individuals, and the mean "image of God" scores in prisoners are less than those in non–prisoners.
Conclusions: According to the result, it can be concluded that tests showed that all three hypotheses of the researcher were confirmed. In the following, the results of these tests will be reviewed.
Keywords: Life meaning, loneliness feeling, Image of God in imprisoned groups, Image of God in non-imprisoned groups
Risk Factors of Depression among Women Living in Rural Areas of Iranshahr, Iran
Get PDFBackground: Depression is one of the most common mental problems which is not limited to a certain location or time, afflicting various social and age groups. This study aimed to examine factors affecting depression among women in rural areas.
Methods: This study was conducted on an Iranian population residing in rural areas of Iranshahr. The research population comprised all women in rural areas of Iranshahr. Using systematic random sampling, about 6% of the 666 covered villages were selected. Using Goldberg’s standard questionnaire, the data on blood glucose, physical activity, height, weight, and blood pressure were collected using interviews and measurement and analyzed via correlation test and chi-squared test.
Results: In this study, a correlation existed between depression factors and blood pressure, physical activity, blood glucose, economic and family problems of female householders (Pvalue<0.05).
Conclusions: One of the best solutions for preventing depression in women in rural areas is strengthening their economic status. By predicting depression, the emergence of many physical diseases and disorders such as hypertension and high blood glucose can be prevented beyond expectations.
Keywords: Rural women; Risk factors; Depression; Iranshah
Preconception Care Utilization and Its Predictors in Women Referring to Teaching Hospitals in Mashhad: Preconception care utilization and Its Predictors
No full textBackground: It has been more than four decades since preconception care was recognized as an important part of women’s healthcare. However, most women do not seek preconception care. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the predictors of receiving preconception care.
Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 1,019 pregnant women who referred to Mashhad teaching hospitals in 2019. The convenience sampling method was used for sample selection and the required data were collected through a questionnaire. Furthermore, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16).
Results: This study showed 33% of the women had utilized preconception care. Number of children (AOR: 0.47; 95% CI: 0.38, 0.6) , housing status (AOR: 0.45; 95% CI: 0.23,0.91) , folic acid consumption (AOR: 14.54; 95% CI: 8.75,24.16), Received information regarding PCC (AOR: 8.67; 95% CI: 5.27,14.26) were significantly associated with preconception care service utilization.
Conclusions: According to the results, a different strategy should be adopted from what has been adopted so far to raise public awareness of the importance of pre-pregnancy care. Since a significant relationship has been reported between obtaining information on pre-pregnancy care and receiving this care, modifying information methods to promote public awareness seems necessary.
Keywords: predictor, preconception care, utilization of care, childbearing age women, teaching hospital, Mashha
Faculty Members\u27 Background Characteristics in Clinical Tutoring in Nursing Department: a Qualitative Study
Get PDFBackground: Nursing education is part of a higher education system dealing with the lives of human beings, and paying attention to it is of particular importance. This study was conducted to identify the faculty members\u27 background characteristics in clinical tutoring in nursing department.
Methods: The study was conducted using qualitative research approach. Data collection was performed using semi-structured interviews, extensive literature review and observation of the existing situation. Then, by specifying the various dimensions and items, the effective fundamental characteristics in clinical teaching of faculty members of the nursing department were determined.
Results: The three important and effective fundamental characteristics features or classes relevant to the findings of the data analysis in this study are as follows:
1- Faculty member’s personal characteristics: Adherence to administrative, cultural and Islamic value - adherence to the principles of professional ethics - management ability - positive job and social attitude. 2- Faculty member\u27s nursing professional characteristics: Having theoretical knowledge and practical skills. 3- Faculty member\u27s tutorial characteristics: Observance of educational rules, ability to follow the principles of educational planning, ability to teach, ability to persuade and motivate students, ability to evaluate, research capabilities, teaching experience, professional ability and ability to develop professionally and scientifically.
Conclusions: Paying attention to the instructor as the most effective factor in clinical education and recognition of the challenges associated with this factor is very important and effective for improving the quality of clinical education. In this regard, the use of a correct and effective evaluation system is very important. Therefore, determination of the effective fundamental characteristics in clinical teaching of faculty members of the nursing department is necessary to improve the quality of education and ultimately improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the educational system.
Keywords: Clinical teaching, Faculty member features, Qualitative study, Clinical training
The Effect of Inspiratory Muscle Training on the Thoracic Spine Curve, Inspiratory Volume and Cardio-Respiratory Endurance in Boys with Hyper-kyphosis: Inspiratory muscle training and hypr-kyphosis
No full textBackground: Hyper-kyphosis is one of the most common malalignments in adolescent boys and can affect their breathing. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) may improve the function of the respiratory muscles in adolescents and may influence their skeletal structure as well. So, this study aimed to examine the effects of inspiratory muscle training on the thoracic spine curve, Inspiratory Volume and Cardio-Respiratory Endurance in Hyperkyphotic Boys
Methods: This study was a semi experimentally in design, pre and post-test design with a control group. Twenty-two 12-15 boys, with thoracic spine curve more than 49 degrees were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Both groups performed the same corrective exercise for hyper-kyphosis, the experimental group also performed inspiratory muscle training five days a week using the power breathing device, based on the training protocol. Both groups were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of training in terms of the thoracic spine curve, inspiratory volume, S-index, PIF, and cardio-respiratory endurance.
Results: The data analysis showed that the thoracic spine curve decreased significantly in the IMT group (Pvalue=0.025). The IMT group showed significantly increase in inspiratory S-index (T=4.058, Pvalue=0.002), PIF (T=4.06, Pvalue=0.002) and cardio-respiratory endurance (T=2.62, Pvalue=0.050) at posttest in compare to control group.
Conclusions: Based on the study findings, it can be concluded that respiratory muscle strengthening alone may not be by itself sufficient for the improvement of Hyper-kyphosis, and corrective exercises can also be recommended along with it.
Keywords: Inspiratory Muscle training, Hyper-kyphosis, inspiratory volume, Cardio-respiratory endurance
Perceived Stress, Self Efficacy and Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure: A Structural Equation Model
Get PDFBackground: The high prevalence and mortality of heart failure is associated with reduced quality of life. The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and perceived stress with quality of life in patients with heart failure.
Methods: Participants were 298 patients referred to the Cardiac unit of Farabi Tamin Ejtemaiy Hospital in Mashhad. They completed three questionnaires. They were evaluated with the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire MLHFQ, 21 items (Rector 1984), self-efficacy (10 items, Schwarzer et al., 1982), and Perceived Stress Questionnaire (14 items, Cohen et al., 1983). Data were analyzed by SPSS and LIZREL software. Results: The findings revealed that the quality of life of patients with heart failure is affected by perceived stress and self-efficacy. Therefore, perceived stress hurts the quality of life. Self-efficacy has also been able to mediate the relationship between perceived stress and quality of life, so that its path coefficient was equal to -0.36. Evaluation of the model with multiple indices RMSEA (0.082) and GFI (0.92) showed that the proposed model fits the data.
Conclusions: Due to the fact, perceived stress conversely and also through self-efficacy can improve the quality of life of patients with heart failure.
Keywords: Patients heart failure, Quality of life, Self-efficacy, Stress, Structural equation model
Identifying the Behavioral and Functional Components of Urban Management on Improving Urban livability (Case Study: Ahvaz Metropolis)
No full textBackground: According to many problems in contemporary cities, the emphasis is on new approaches and approaches to urban development and the creation of a favorable link between the urban environment and social life through the enhancement of the components of urban livability. The aim of the study was to identify the effective components of behavioral and functional good urban governance on promoting urban livability in the Ahvaz metropolitan area.
Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytical type. The statistical population of the study consisted of Ahvaz metropolitan citizens (1302591 persons) and academic professors and elites. The sample size of the citizens was 383 based on the Cochran model and the sample size of academic professors and elites was 100 people based on the Delphi method. The t-test in SPSS 23 software and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) were used for data analysis.
Results: The most desirable indicators of urban livability were recreation, leisure and public transport and the lowest desirable indicators were employment, income, environmental sustainability, and personal and social security. Also, among the components of behavioral and functional good urban governance, the highest impact on the promotion of the urban livability related to justice, transparency and responsibility were 0.753, 0.704 and 0.632, respectively. The Goodness of Fit (GOF) of models was found to be 0.513 which indicates the overall utility of the model.
Conclusions: The results show that Ahvaz metropolis is in poor condition in terms of components of good governance and urban livability.
Keywords: Behavioral and Functional Components, Good Urban Governance, Livability, Ahvaz Metropolis
Validity and Reliability of Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Persian Version (ASRS-V1.1-Persian): Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale Persian Version
No full textBackground: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common mental disorder in adults. The objective of this study was to develop a valid Persian version of the 18-question ASRS-V1.1 according to WHO translation protocol and report its psychometric properties.
Methods: In the first step, we translated the original 18-question ASRS-V1.1 version into Persian under the supervision of the WMH-CIDI advisory committee. The process of adaptation was consisting of forward-translation, expert panel evaluation, back translation, cross-cultural adaptation, pre-testing, and final adjustment. In the second step, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 734 students were studied in Shahroud in 2013. A sub-sample of subjects consists of 99 students were clinically interviewed according to DSM-IV-TR criteria by a well-trained physician.
Results: The ASRS-V1.1-P had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85). Sensitivity and specificity for the first six questions of ASRS-V1.1-P were 50.0% (95% CI: 30.3-69.6) and 80.5% (95%CI: 70.7-88.3), respectively. Finally, 43 subjects (5.5%) were confirmed for adult ADHD. There was not sex predominance in the prevalence of ADHD.
Conclusion: Totally, it may be concluded that adult ADHD is a common problem among students and prevention of this disorder is crucial to reduce the probable subsequent social, educational, and job problems in future. The 18-question ASRS-V1.1-P is a psychometrically reliable and valid measure for screening ADHD in adults.
Keywords: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Screening, Adult, Validity
Effect of Dialectical Behavioral Therapy on the Postpartum Depression, Perceived Stress and Mental Coping Strategies in Traumatic Childbirth: A Randomized Controlled Trial: test
Get PDFBackground: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of dialectical behavioral therapy in reducing the number of psychological complications following traumatic childbirth.
Methods: The study included 210 primiparous women who had natural traumatic childbirth. A standardized protocol was designed to decrease postpartum depression score, perceived stress, and increase mental coping strategies. The intervention group received five counseling sessions, and the control group received routine care. Their questionnaires measured the variables before the intervention and at 6th and 12th weeks postpartum.
Results: No significant difference observed between the mean scores of all variables before the intervention (Pvalue> 0.05). The results of the repeated measure ANOVA showed, after the intervention, at 6th and 12th weeks postpartum, the mean scores of all three variables, including postpartum depression, perceived stress, and mental coping strategies was a statistically significant difference (Pvalue<0.001).
Conclusions: Dialectical behavioral therapy can have substantial effects on reducing postpartum depression, reducing perceived stress levels, and increasing the ability to deal with stress in traumatic childbirth.
Keywords: Dialectical behavioral therapy, counseling, postpartum depression, perceived stress, coping strategies, traumatic childbirth