International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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A Review of Wearing a Mask and How to Correctly Wear it in Shahroud City
Get PDFBackground: One of the most important issues since SARS-CoV-2 was identified was the growing information on how the virus was transmitted and how to protect against it. However, many key questions have not yet been fully answered. This study aimed to investigate the correct wearing of a mask in Shahroud city.
Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional one conducted on 800 people in Shahroud city in a two-month interval (Aug. 22, 2020, to October 30, 2020). Data were collected using a checklist including demographic information. After being collected, the data were entered into SPSS18 and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The results indicated that out of 800 people taking part, 415 people (51.9%) were male and 385 ones (48.1%) were female. The mean participants’ age was 61.78 16±16.09; most participants in the study were born in the year 1972-1995 with 385 ones (48%). Also, concerning masks, it was found that the use of masks and the correct use of them accounted for 528 cases (66%) and 377 cases (47.1%), respectively. The most used mask was a surgical mask with 343 cases (42.9). Concerning the non-use of a mask, 132 people (16.5%) cited choking as the most important reason for not wearing a mask. Also, 681 people (85.1%) and 557 ones (69.6%) had chosen not to participate at weddings and parties, respectively.
Conclusions: The results suggested that a greater percentage of participants in the study knew how to correctly wear a mask while not having a history of participating in ceremonies and parties, which is a very good issue.
Keywords: Mask, Correct wearing, Shahrou
The Effectiveness of Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP) on Marital Burnout in Married Women
Get PDFBackground: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the prevention and relationship enhancement program (PREP) on marital burnout in married women.
Methods: Thirty married women were selected and randomly replaced in experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The quasi-experimental research method was conducted in the pretest-posttest control group design to examine the effectiveness of the PREP on marital burnout in married women. The sessions of the PREP were implemented for the experimental group during 8 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week, and no educational intervention was performed for the control group. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used as a statistical method.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in psychological and emotional aspects of marital burnout(Pvalue≤0.02). Our results also showed that the total burnout score was significantly different from pre-test to post-test in the experimental group (Pvalue≤0.01).
Conclusions: It can be implied from the results of our study that PREP can have different implications in Iranian culture.
Keywords: Prevention and Relationship Enhancement Program (PREP), Marital Burnout, Married Women
Analysis of the Effect of Inhaling Orange Essential Oil on Self-Confidence and Competitive Anxiety of Female Athletics Comparing with Relaxation
Get PDFBackground: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of inhaling orange essential oil on self-confidence and anxiety, and comparing with relaxation method in female futsal players.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental one with pre and post-tests. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female futsal teams in regional competitions, the youth category of the East-Azerbaijan province. Using available sampling, 3 teams that can reach that level were selected. Then, were randomly divided into 3 groups of relaxation, Orange Essential Oil, and control. The intervention programs were held in 8 weeks (two sessions per week, and each session was 15 minutes). To assess, the Competitive State Anxiety questionnaire (CSAI-2) was used, and covariance method in SPSS software25 was used for analyzing the data.
Results: Results showed that there are significant differences between experimental and control groups concerning cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety. According to the findings, this amount was more significant in the aromatherapy group. Also, results revealed a significant increase in confidence in aromatherapy and relaxation groups, so that no superiority was seen among the groups. This was while no significant difference was reported in any scale of the control group.
Conclusions: Based on the results, the use of aromatherapy as a simpler and more effective method is recommended to coaches and officials of sports teams.
Key words: Cognitive anxiety, Physical anxiety, Aromatherapy, Relaxation, Self-confidenc
Effect of Post-Discharge Telephone Follow-up on Social Dignity of Patients with Heart Failure: A Parallel Randomized Controlled Trial
Get PDFBackground: Heart failure is a malignant and perilous disease as such palliative care is of great importance for patients suffering from this failure. One of the main components in offering specialized palliative care is to respect human rights and dignity. This study aimed to determine the effect of post-discharge telephone follow-up on the social dignity of heart failure patients.
Methods: A randomized control trial study was used. 70 patients with heart failure referring to the cardiology ward of general Hospital were included. Patients were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the patients had telephone followed-ups concerning medication, disease symptoms, daily activities, and their diet during one-month post-discharge (once a week). Social dignity of patients before and one month after the intervention was measured using the Social Dignity Questionnaire.
Results: In this study, patients were compared in experimental (aged 65±10.6 years) and control (aged 67±13.3 years) groups. According to the statistical tests, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of social dignity in the experimental and control groups (0.8±0.2 and 0.06±0.2) before and after the intervention (Pvalue<0.001).
Conclusions: Use of programmed post-discharge telephone follow-up to enhance social dignity of patients with heart failure, is suggested.
Keywords: Telephone follow-up, Dignity, Dignity in care, Social dignity, Heart failure, Nursing.  
The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation with Imagery-based Relaxation on the Mental Health and Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Women with a First Unwanted Pregnancy
Get PDFBackground: The present study aims to investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation intervention with imagery-based relaxation technique on the mental health and maternal-fetal attachment in women with a first unwanted pregnancy.
Methods: From all the pregnant women referred to the clinics of Semnan city, 60 individuals were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two groups of experimental and control. The mothers of the experimental group received the corresponding intervention, while the control group was only provided with normal care. Before and after the intervention, the general health and maternal-fetal attachment questionnaires were filled by the individuals.
Results: The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that a relaxation intervention period can significantly improve the mental health and maternal-fetal attachment as well.
Conclusion: According to the present results, it can be concluded that the current intervention can be used as a low-cost and non-pharmacological method to improve the psychological issues and arrive at a higher maternal-fetal attachment during the pregnancy.
Keywords: Relaxation, Mental health, Attachment, Pregnancy
The Effectiveness of Cosmetic Surgery on the Feeling of Inferiority, Social Identity and Psychological Health of Cosmetic Surgery Applicant
Get PDFBackground: The effect of cosmetic surgery has always had doubts. In particular, these doubts are interpreted in the psychological field. Therefore, the study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cosmetic surgery on the feeling of inferiority, social identity, and psychological health of Cosmetic Surgery Applicant.
Methods: The research method is pre-experimental (preliminary experiment) with a pre-test-post-test design with a six-month follow-up for one group. The statistical population of the study includes all patients referred to Pars clinic surgery center in Sari in 2020. The research population and by sampling method available to 15 of those who met the inclusion criteria and obtained the quorum from the research questionnaires as a sample of selection were. To collect information, the inferiority scale of Yao et al, the Social Identity Questionnaire (SIQ) of Imani, and the Psychological Health Questionnaire (PHQ) of Goldberg and Hillier were used. To analyze the research data, repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS 18 software was used.
Results: The results showed that cosmetic surgery affected the cognitive and social factors of cosmetic surgery applicants (Pvalue≤0.01). It has the greatest effect on psychological health, social identity, and inferiority, respectively.
Conclusions: The results of this study show that cosmetic surgery can have a significant effect on reducing feelings of inferiority and social identity and greater psychological health, which as a treatment method is effective on psychological factors.
Keywords: Cosmetic Surgery, Inferiority, Social Identity, Psychological Healt
The Effect of Communication Skills Training and Enrichment on Social Responsiveness and Social Communication Skills of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder and their Parents
Get PDFBackground: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) threatens one’s socialization ability, and a lack of social skills can cause dysfunctions and mental health problems for adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the effect of communication skills training and enrichment on social responsiveness and social communication skills of adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and their parents in Shiraz.
Methods: The study method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population comprised adolescents with ASD at clinics in Shiraz, Iran, in 2019. The sample was selected from adolescents who had been diagnosed with ASD by the Exceptional Education Organization of Fars Province, and the participants were randomly allocated to two experimental and control groups (n=20 per group). The research instruments included the Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scale and the Social Responsiveness Scale with the Autism Diagnostic Interview. Data were analyzed by descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (multivariable analysis of covariance).
Results: The results showed that the communication skills training and enrichment program did not significantly affect the parents’ social responsiveness or the adolescents’ social communication skills. However, a significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups in terms of parents’ social communication skills (Pvalue= 0.007).
Conclusions: Based on research results it can be hence concluded that communication skills training and enrichment can be used to improve social communication skills in parents of adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder.
Keywords: Autism, Social responsibility, Communication skills, Adolescent
Treatment of Automatic Negative Thoughts and Non-suicidal Self-injury (NSSI) Behavior in Borderline Personality Disorder Adolescents: Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Get PDFBackground: About 17 to 80% of borderline personality disorder (BPD) patients suffer repeated NSSI (most frequently, cutting/burning self-injury), while 46 to 92% of BPD patients attempt suicide. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the condensed dialectic behavior in reducing automatic negative thoughts and its positive effects on non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior in borderline personality disorder (BPD).
Methods: A semi-experimental study with pre-and post-tests is going on with both an experimental group and a control group. In 2019, twenty-two BPD adolescents who attended the treatment clinic) Masire Sabz), district 8, Tehran, were divided into two groups. Two questionnaires of automatic negative thoughts and non-suicidal suicide self-injury were administered before and after the intervention. This study employed SPSS 23 with Levene\u27s test, as well as ANOVA to analyze the data. During the intervention group, twelve 90-minute sessions took place with participants in the intervention group, which followed a protocol adapted from a standard DBT protocol for BD participants in the control group waited for a treatment appointment.
Results: The results showed that the scores of the intervention group significantly decreased in the Automatic negative thoughts and non-suicidal self-injury after 2 months of the intervention (Pvalue<0.001).
Conclusions: It can be concluded that dialectical behavior therapy was effective on automatic negative thoughts and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior among borderline personality disorder adolescents.
Keywords: Automatic negative thoughts, Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior, Borderline personality disorder
Teaching Metacognitive strategies on Metacognitive Behavior and Internet Self-Efficacy of Female Students at Risk of Internet Addiction during the COVID-19
Get PDFBackground: Adolescents, for whom the Internet is an indispensable part of their daily life, are the most significant group at risk of Internet addiction. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive strategies on metacognitive behavior and internet self-efficacy of female students at risk of Internet addiction during the COVID-19.
Methods: The present research was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistics population for the academic year 2020-2021 comprised all secondary schools\u27 females in Tehran\u27s 15 district. In this study, purposeful sampling process was applied. Primarily, one school (Ebne Sina) was randomly selected from the secondary schools of region 15 in Tehran, in the second grade. Three classes were chosen from each grade in the form of Lottery and among 360 students, 30 students who were most at risk for internet addiction were randomly selected and assigned in the experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups via shad application. The experimental group received metacognitive strategies training for 8 treatment sessions (90 minutes for each session). The data were analyzed with SPSS-23 and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
Results: Mean and SD of age in the Transactional Analysis and the control groups were 15.87 ± 0.734 and 16±0.816, respectively. Moreover, our findings showed that the experimental and control groups differ significantly in their metacognitive behavior (p =0.01and F=55.349) and internet use self-efficacy during pretest control (p =0.01 and F=43.573).
Conclusions: The result of our study showed that metacognitive strategies had significant effects on Metacognitive Behavior and Internet self-efficacy of female students at risk of Internet addiction during the COVID-19. Therefore, psychological group therapy could be suggested to improve metacognitive behavior and increase internet self-efficacy and thus reduce behavioral and social damages.
keywords: Teaching metacognitive strategies, Metacognitive Behavior, Internet Self-Efficacy, Female students, Internet addictio
A Multi Region Neurodegenerative Changes in Methamphetamine Dependence Reveal by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Psychological Aspects
No full textBackground: Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit psychostimulant that is widely abused in the world. Several lines of evidence suggest that chronic METH abuse leads to neurodegenerative changes in the human brain. These include damage to dopamine and serotonin axons, loss of gray matter accompanied by hypertrophy of the white matter, and microgliosis in different brain areas.
Methods: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), Creatine (Cre), Choline (Cho), Myo-inositol (Ml), were obtained in the dopamine circuit (Ventral Tegmental Area, Nucleus Accumbens, Substantia nigra, Striatum, Frontal Cortex, Hippocampus) of the brain in participants in 30 abstinent methamphetamine-addicted people with psychosis (METHp+), and 10 healthy controls (HCs) (age ranges of 18 to 50 years old). Psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and analyzed using a five-factor model. All participants were also assessed for physical and mental illnesses as well as recent substance use.
Results: The METHp+ group displayed robust alteration in basic metabolite concentration levels (NAA, cho, Cr, mI, and GLX) relative to HCs. This suggests that cellular metabolism is altered in both conditions but in METHp+ group is seeing more dramatic changes. Significant decrease in the concentration of NAA metabolites (mean of 18.56) in the methamphetamine group with high psychological symptoms (mean of 111.9) in the studied areas compared to the control group which is a neurotransmitter and biomarker, indicates chronic neurological degeneration in the test areas and its relationship with the incidence of mental disorders in these individuals (Pvalue<0.01).
Conclusions: These data support the assumption that cellular abnormalities differ between methamphetamine addiction psychosis and healthy controls people despite not different in normal imaging acquisition.
Keywords: Methamphetamine, Abstinence, Neurodegeneration, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Dopamine circuit