International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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The Effectiveness of Functional Analytical Therapy on Controlling, Expressing and Internalizing Anger in Patients with a Borderline Personality Disorder
Get PDFIntroduction: Borderline personality disorder affects many cognitive, behavioral, and even emotional domains of individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of functional analytical therapy on controlling, expressing, and internalizing anger in patients with a borderline personality disorder.
Methods: The research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of this study included all 43 women referred to Asal Psychological Clinic in Karaj city in 2020. Out of 33 patients with moderate borderline personality disorder, 24 were selected by simple random sampling method and were randomly assigned to two groups of 12 (experimental and control groups). The functional analytical psychotherapy package of Tsai, Kohlenberg, Kanter & Waltz (2010) was performed on the experimental group in 10 sessions of 45 minutes. For experimental and control groups in pre-test and post-test Anger Questionnaire of Spielberg (1988) was used. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance mixed with SPSS18 software.
Results: The results showed that functional analytical therapy has a significant effect on improving controlling, expressing, and internalizing anger in patients with borderline personality disorder (Pvalue≤0.001).
Conclusions: These results emphasize the level of performance of functional analytical psychotherapy in different areas of cognitive, behavioral, and emotional in the treatment of people with a borderline personality disorder.
Keywords: Functional therapy, Anger, Borderline personality disorder
Moderate to low knowledge and Positive Attitude towards Medicinal Plants leads to High Consumption of these Plants during Pregnancy
Get PDFBackground: In recent years, the use of medicinal plants in developing countries has increased significantly. However, these plants can cause adverse effects on the mother and fetus. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of use, knowledge, and attitude towards the use of medicinal plants in pregnant women.
Methods: This descriptive–analytical study was performed in 2020 on 290 pregnant women referring to Shahroud health center. The first part of the questionnaire included demographic information and the second part included information related to knowledge, attitude, behavior, reasons for using medicinal plants, source of information, etc. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: 61% of the participants had used the medicinal plants at least once during pregnancy. Most pregnant women had moderate knowledge (50%) and a positive attitude (73.1%) towards the use of medicinal plants. Behavior was significantly associated with knowledge (Pvalue=0.011) and attitude (Pvalue=0.014). The most common problem during pregnancy that caused the use of medicinal plants was heartburn (43.4%) and the main reason for the use of these plants was the availability of them at home or taking from acquaintances (36.6%). 57.2% had obtained their information about medicinal plants from the family.
Conclusions: Due to the relatively high frequency of the use of medicinal plants during pregnancy and low knowledge about it, informing and increasing knowledge about medicinal plants during pregnancy is very important.
Keywords: Pregnancy, Pregnant women, Medicinal plants, knowledg
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Self-Determination Needs and Academic Burnout among Students Showing Depressive Symptoms
Get PDFBackground: The satisfaction of self-determination needs and alleviation of academic burnout help students reduce/adjust the stress and psychological pressure resulting from studies and the university entrance examinations. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on self-determination needs and academic burnout among students showing depressive symptoms in Dehloran (Iran).
Methods: In this experimental study, the statistical population comprised all female twelfth-grade high-school students studying for the university entrance exam in Dehloran, Iran in the academic year 2020-21. The sample consisted of 45 students showing depressive symptoms who were selected by convenience sampling, and then randomly divided into two experimental (MBSR and DBT) and a control group (n=15 each). Either MBSR or DBT intervention was administered to the experimental groups, but the control group received no intervention. The research instruments included the Self-Determination Needs Scale, Academic Burnout Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). The data were analyzed via descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results: The results showed that MBSR and DBT both positively affected the self-determination needs (F=92.44, Pvalue=0.001) and academic burnout (F=68.54, Pvalue=0.001) of students studying for the university entrance exam and showing depressive symptoms. According to the results, MBSR was more effective in students\u27 self-determination and academic burnout (Pvalue=0.01).
Conclusions: It was found that both MBSR and DBT can help improve the self-determination needs and academic burnout of female high-school students studying for the university entrance exam and showing depressive symptoms.
Keywords: Mindfulness, Dialectical behavior therapy, Self-determination, Depression, Student
The The Role of Mindfulness and its Dimensions in Predicting of Students’ Psychological Well-being
No full textBackground: Well-being is the biggest and most important goal of human being life that affects a person\u27s health more than anything else does. This study aimed to investigate the role of mindfulness and its dimensions in students\u27 psychological well-being.
Methods: The research method was correlation and the statistical population included all students of Kharazmi University. The sample consisted of 240 students (126 females and 114 males) who were selected by the convenience sampling method. The research instruments were the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (Bauer et al. 2006) and Ryff\u27s scale of the Psychological Well-Being (Ryff, 1980). Data analysis was performed using independent groups of t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression.
Results: The obtained results showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students in the variables of mindfulness and psychological well-being. There is a positive and significant correlation between psychological well-being and the overall score of mindfulness as well as the dimensions of observing, describing, acting with awareness, and non-reactive.
Conclusions: The variables of acting with awareness and describing mindfulness dimensions were able to explain about 24% of the variance of psychological well-being in two steps.
Keywords: Mindfulness, Psychological well-being, Student
The Effectiveness of Religious-based Gender Justice Training and Compassion-focused Therapy on Psychological Capital of Girls with Delayed Marriage
Get PDFBackground: Increased age of marriage can disrupt the normal functioning of the family as a crucial and vital institution in many cases and dysfunctional families may be associated with many social outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of religious-based gender justice training and compassion-focused therapy on the psychological capital of girls with delayed marriage.
Methods: The research method was experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of girls over thirty years old who visited health centers and psychological clinics of Tehran in 2019. Using the convenience sampling method, 45 participants were selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (religious-based gender justice training and compassion-focused therapy) and a control group (n= 15 per group). Both experimental groups separately underwent eight sessions (60-minute sessions per week) of religious-based gender justice training and compassion-focused therapy. The control group did not receive any treatment. The research instrument included the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) in SPSS 24.0. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: The results showed that religious-based gender justice training and compassion-focused therapy had significant effects on the three variables of self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism in intervention groups at post-test (Pvalue<0.05). But these interventions did not significantly increase hopefulness.
Conclusions: According to the results, religious-based gender justice training and compassion-focused therapy increased the psychological capital of girls with delayed marriage.
Keywords: Religious, Psychological, Self-efficacy, Resilience, Optimism, Marriage
Assessing Neighborhood Satisfaction as a Livability Indicator in a Historic Quarter: Esfanjan Neighborhood, Semnan, Iran
Get PDFBackground: Satisfaction with neighborhood environment in historic quarters is a major indicator of livability and urban quality of life in these quarters, yet little research has been conducted on neighborhood satisfaction in historic contexts of Iranian cities. This descriptive-analytical study aimed to evaluate the level of the neighborhood (outdoor living spaces) satisfaction and determinants contribute to it in Esfanjan historic neighborhood, Semnan city, Iran.
Methods: Determinants of neighborhood satisfaction were collected through a comprehensive literature review, organized in a questionnaire form, and distributed among 215 residents of the neighborhood using the convenience sampling method. The Likert scale was used to express satisfaction levels and the Pearson correlation test in SPSS software was used to measure the level of satisfaction and the relationship between influenced factors and neighborhood satisfaction.
Results: The results show that the level of neighborhood satisfaction in the Esfanjan quarter is low and there is a meaningful relationship between all determinant categories and satisfaction. The most significant relationship is related to physical-spatial, functional-structural, socio-cultural, and individual-contextual factors respectively. Among functional-structural factors, maintenance; among physical-spatial factors, quality of access routes; among socio-cultural factors, social interaction and participation; and among individual-contextual factors length of habitation have the strongest correlation with neighborhood satisfaction.
Conclusions: This study reveals the importance of good design as the chief factor that influences neighborhood satisfaction in this historic quarter. It also suggests some measures and strategies achieve a more livable urban environment in Esfanjan historic quarter based on neighborhood satisfaction.
Key words: Livability; Urban Quality of Life; Neighborhood Satisfaction Determinants; Urban Redevelopment; Historic Quarters; Esfanjan Neighborhoo
The Effects of Stress Management Training on Communication Skills and Attribution Beliefs on Women with Adjustment Disorders
Get PDFBackground: Recognizing the effective factors in marital relationships, control and manage them are among the crucial methods in solving marital problems and achieving marital satisfaction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of stress management training on communication skills and attribution beliefs on women with adjustment disorders.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design and a control group. The statistical population included all women with adjustment disorders who were referred to the psychological clinics of district 1 of Tehran in 2020. Thirty women who were willing to participate in the study were selected as the sample using convenience sampling and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). The experimental group underwent eight sessions (90 minutes sessions per week) of stress management training. The follow-up was performed after 60 days. The research instruments included the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), the Relationship Attribution Measure (RAM), and the Jarabak Communication Skills Questionnaire (JCSQ). Data analysis was conducted using repeated-measures ANOVA.
Results: The results indicated that stress management training improved communication skills and attribution beliefs in women with adjustment disorders (Pvalue=0.0001).
Conclusions: Stress management training can be recommended as an intervention program to improve the quality of life of women with adjustment disorders.
Keywords: Stress management, Communication, Attribution, Beliefs, Adjustment, Wome
The Inter-Structural Relationships between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Marital Commitment of Couples: The Mediating Role of Communication Patterns
Get PDFBackground: Marital commitment has been identified as one of the effective components in the development and stability of marital relationships. This study aimed to investigate the inter-structural relationships between early maladaptive schemas and marital commitment mediated by communication patterns in couples.
Methods: This correlational study was performed on married students of Mashhad Islamic Azad University with more than 3 years of marital life in 2019-2020. 300 people participated according to the research statistical method based on hidden variables. Data were collected using Adams and Jones Marital Commitment Questionnaire (1997), Young Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire (1998), and Christensen and Sullaway Communication Patterns Questionnaire (1984). Data analysis was performed by the structural equation method.
Results: The results of path coefficients revealed that the direct effect of early maladaptive schemas on communication patterns is positive and significant (P≤0.01, g=0.71) and its effect on marital commitment is negative and significant (Pvalue≤0.01, g=-0.45). Also, the direct effect of communication patterns on marital commitment is significant and negative (Pvalue≤0.01, ß=-0.41). Examining of standardized coefficients of indirect effects showed that the indirect effect of early maladaptive schemas on marital commitment is significant with the mediating role of communication patterns (Pvalue<0.01, IF=-0.51). The explained variance of marital commitment in terms of early maladaptive schemas and communication patterns was equal to 0.59.
Conclusions: According to the results, communication patterns act as a mediating variable in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and marital commitment. Furthermore, two variables of communication patterns and early maladaptive schemas can predict marital commitment.
Keywords: Commitment, Early maladaptive schema, Communication, Marita
The Role of Professional Behavior to Improve Patient Safety Culture in Clinical Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFBackground: Safety culture is one of the most important determinants of patient safety in hospitals. Due to the increasing prevalence of medical errors, increasing public attention, and public opinion pressure on this issue as well as the limitations of studies in this area, the current study was conducted to identify the role of professional behavior to improve patient safety culture in clinical nurses.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 230 nurses in Shahroud Iran. Data collection instruments included a demographic information form, the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture questionnaire, and the Nursing Professional Behaviors Scale. Stratified random sampling was used and data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics (linear regression analysis).
Results: Participants’ mean scores of patient safety culture and professional behavior were 132.51 ±15.97 and 109.57±18.01, respectively. A high score of nurses\u27 professional behavior was directly associated with a higher level of patient safety culture. In addition, the number of working hours per week and change in the workplace were significantly related to patient safety culture level (Pvalue=0.002).
Conclusions: Professional behavior is an effective factor in enhancing safety culture in nurses. Therefore, paying attention to the training and proper application of professional behavior in nurses can improve the level of patient safety culture.
Keywords: Nurse, Patient safety, Professional behavio
The The Effect of Four Months of Core Stability Training on Femoral Bone Mineral Density and Lower Extremity Muscles Strength in Postmenopausal Women
No full textBackground: Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease associated with a gradual decline of bone density, as well as a characteristic reduction of bone rigidity and an increased risk of fractures. This study aimed to investigate the effects of four months of core stability training on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur neck and lower extremity muscles strength in postmenopausal women.
Methods: This study was an interventional semi-experimental one designed with a pre-test/post-test approach. Overall, 30 postmenopausal women aged 48 to 58 years were purposefully selected and then randomly divided into two groups of core stability exercise (weight= 70.73 ± 12.57 Kg) and control (weight= 77.86 ± 7.19 Kg) groups. The participants of the core stability group performed the exercise protocol three times a week for four months. These exercises consisted of five levels, and based on the gradual progress principle, their intensity was gradually increased over the four months during the study. The participants of the control group did not perform any exercise during the study. The BMD of the dominant femur neck was measured by a Dexa device, and the flexor and external rotator strength of the hip was measured by a manual dynamometer. Data analysis was performed applying paired and independent-sample t-test in SPSS23 software. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: The results of paired samples t-test showed that the BMD of the femur neck significantly increased in the core stability group (Pvalue=0.001) and significantly decreased in the control group (Pvalue=0.045) at the post-test compared to the pre-test. Also in intra-group comparison, the flexor and external rotator strength of the hip significantly were increased in the core stability group (Pvalue=0.001 and 0.001, respectively). While there was not such a significant change in the control group. On the other hand, based on the results of the independent samples t-test, the femur neck BMD (Pvalue=0.007) and the flexor and external rotator strength of the hip (Pvalue=0.001 and 0.001, respectively) significantly increased in the core stability compared to the control group.
Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that core stability exercises can be suggested to postmenopausal women as an effective strategy for osteogenic bone behavior and reducing the risk of osteoporosis.
Keywords: Core stability training, Femur bone mineral density, Lower extremity muscles strength, Postmenopausal wome