International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Treatment on Anxiety, Depression and Prevention of Substance Use Relapse
Get PDFBackground: Addiction and its negative consequences are a global problem and mindfulness is one of the methods that seeks to reduce its negative consequences using cognitive and behavioral techniques.. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction therapy on anxiety, depression, and the likelihood of relapse.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used. The statistical population consisted of all people referring to addiction treatment clinics in Kerman and a sample of 50 people (25 people in the control group and 25 people in the experimental group) were selected through voluntary sampling. The experimental group received MBSR during 8 sessions of psychotherapy, but the control group did not receive any intervention. . The research instruments were Slip and Return Questionnaire (Wright, 2001), Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1961) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck, 1988). In addition, analysis of variance was used to compare the scores of individuals in the experimental and control groups.
Results: The results showed that Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) Treatment was effective in reducing anxiety (F (1, 48) = 3.15, p <.05), depression (F (1, 48) = 608.71, p <.05) and the likelihood of drug addicts returning) F (1, 48) = 18.20, p <.05).
Conclusions: Mindfulness is a kind of non-judgmental consciousness that teaches people to cope with negative thoughts and feelings and instead experience positive mental events. As a result, learning leads to less stress, less depression, and the likelihood of relapse through cognitive change in thinking style when faced with problems.
Keywords: Mindfulness, MBSR, Anxiety, Depression, Cravin
Determining a National Trauma Prognostic Scale (TPS) to Predict Preventable Trauma Death in Iran: the Research Protocol
Get PDFMethods: A 7-phases methodology will be applied to conduct this study as following; 1- Identification of trauma severity parameters and scales predicting mortality from literature, 2- Developing a data collection tool for research data collection), 3- Data collection in selected clinical settings, 4- Statistical modeling, 5- Model adaptation with three levels of trauma care settings including pre-hospitals, general hospitals and trauma specialty hospitals, 6- Scale-up and extrapolation, and 7- comparison with international models and selection of Iranian national model.
Results: The content validity of the tool was confirmed with a total scale-level content validity (S-CVI) = 0.93. The reliability of the final instrument was calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the Spearman correlation was evaluated above 0.7 for all cases. Up to date April 2020, From the hospital of the study, 210 patients participated in the study. The mean and standard age deviation of patients was 35.18 ± 18.44 and 165 (78.57 %) of these patients were male. The most important cause of trauma in patients was a motorcycle accident (27.62 %).
Keywords: Trauma, Modeling, Injury severity assessment, Mortality predictor, Trauma scal
The Effect of Quranic Extracurricular Activities on the Academic Self-efficacy of Female High School Students in Khoy
Get PDFBackground: Quranic extracurricular activities, with the optimal use of the abilities of intelligence, contemplation, and concentration in the verses of the Qur\u27an, play an important role in all aspects of human life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Qur\u27anic extracurricular activities on the academic self-efficacy of female high school students in Khoy city.
Methods: This research was applied in terms of purpose and method, and was conducted cross-sectionally in 2018 in Khoy high schools. The statistical population of this study was all-female high school students in Khoy, of which 60 were selected as clusters and were divided into two groups of 30 available. Data were collected through an eight-item self-efficacy study questionnaire Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ).
Results: The distribution of the high percentage of students\u27 academic self-efficacy by group shows that the Qur\u27anic extracurricular activities of 23.8% have a greater impact on the academic self-efficacy of female students. The study of intergroup effects also showed that the group factor had a significant effect on academic self-efficacy η2p=0.019, Pvalue=0.03, F(1,58)=4.820. Therefore, it can be said that group Qur\u27anic extracurricular activities have had a great impact on academic self-efficacy in female high school students in Khoy.
Conclusions: Differences in the mean and standard deviation in students with Qur\u27anic extracurricular activities (Mean= 47.03, SD= 4.64) and students without Qur\u27anic extracurricular activities (Mean= 44.20, SD=5.32) with a value of (t= 2.196) and a degree of freedom (df= 58) at a significant level of 0.03 is significant. The use of Quranic activities to increase academic self-efficacy to make positive changes in students\u27 attitudes promotes the level of culture and improves their performance. Therefore, trying to identify the necessary Qur\u27anic strategies to improve students\u27 academic self-efficacy has an effective role in their educational, professional, and family future.
Keywords: Quranic extracurricular activities, Academic self-efficacy, Students
Investigating the Mediating Role of Distress Tolerance in the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Psychiatric Symptoms among Addicts
Get PDFBackground: This study aimed to determine the mediating role of distress tolerance in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychiatric symptoms among addicts.
Methods: The statistical population of this study consists of addicts referring to addiction treatment clinics in Zanjan city, Iran. Using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 150 participants were selected as a sample and completed the questionnaires. Early maladaptive schema questionnaire-short form, symptom checklist-25 (SCL-25), and the distress tolerance scale were completed by participants.
Results: The findings of this study indicate a negative and significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and distress tolerance among addicts. Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychiatric symptoms among addicts. It can be said that there is a significant negative relationship between distress tolerance and psychiatric symptoms in addicts.
Conclusions: The final results of this study show that in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychiatric symptoms among addicts in Zanjan city, distress tolerance plays a mediating role and the model has a goodness of fit.
Keywords: Distress tolerance, Early maladaptive schemas, Psychiatric symptoms, Addicts
Healthcare Workers Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection during an Early Phase of the Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Infection and death of health care workers (HCWs) with COVID-19 is an important health problem and will lead to inadequate care of patients, causes more damage and more spread of this pandemic. This study aimed to combine data on COVID-19 infection among HCWs through a systematic review and meta-analysis study.
Methods: We searched PubMed via MEDLINE, the SCOPUS, and Web of Science (ISI) to identify the studies on the prevalence of HCWs infection among COVID-19 patients. We used an eight-item checklist critically appraised to assess the quality of publications on the COVID-19 infection among HCWs. Random-effect models and meta-regression were used for the meta-analysis of the results.
Results: Overall, 98 articles were retrieved from the databases, of which, seven met the eligibility criteria published between December 2019 to March 2020. The total sample size of the included studies contained 72677 COVID-19 confirmed cases, of which 3131 were HCWs. The pooled COVID-19 infection prevalence among HCWs was 4% (95% CI: 3% to 5%).
Conclusions: According to the results, COVID-19 infection in HCWs was 4% of all cases in the early phase of the pandemic. So HCWs need special care including regular screening and appropriate, adequate, and standard personal protective equipment (PPE).
Keywords: Novel Coronavirus, COVID-19, Health Care Workers, Medical Staff
Perceived Barriers to the Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables in Middle Age: Qualitative Ecological Study
Get PDFBackground: Consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with reduced occurrence of mortality stemming from a variety of chronic diseases. This study, employing the environmental model of health behaviors, aimed to investigate the perceived barriers to the consumption of fruits and vegetables in middle-aged individuals.
Methods: This is a qualitative study of content analysis, conducted through eight focus group discussions targeting middle-aged individuals, and five individual interviews with the key individuals in 2017. A framework of factors altering the nutritional behaviors of individuals who were classified into four levels was recognized via employing the ecological model. Results: Barriers to consuming fruits and vegetables at the individual level included beliefs, nutritional awareness, and eating habits of the past. At the interpersonal level, family and social support were the major barriers. At the community level, socio-cultural values and norms, environmental components such as accessibility, quality of fruits and vegetables, media, and prices were also among the major barriers. At the public policies level, not monitoring the production and supply of quality products were among the barriers the participants stated.
Conclusions: Politicians should weigh upon support programs to reduce the production cost of high-quality fruits and vegetables in low-income communities, and adopt the necessary laws and policies to discuss the production and supply of quality, toxin-free fruits, and vegetables at the macro level.
Keyword: Fruits, Vegetables, Ecological model, Qualitative study, Focus grou
Effectiveness of Affective-Reconstructive Couple Therapy on Marital Conventionalization and Global Distress
Get PDFBackground: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of couple therapy based on affective reconstruction, which is one of the special approaches in couple therapy, on marital conventionalization and global distress.
Methods: The design of the present study was quasi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was all couples aged 25 to 45 years in district 3 of Tehran who had been referred to Siavoshan and Avaei Daroon counseling centers. 16 couples aged 25 to 45 years in two groups were selected by purposive sampling. All couples in the experimental (n=8) and control (n=8) groups completed the Snyder (1979) Married Satisfaction Questionnaire. The intervention was performed in the form of 15 sessions (1 hour per week) and then in the last post-test session of the subjects. After execution and data collection, data were analyzed by MANCOVA multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSSV19 software.
Results: The results showed that couple therapy based on affective reconstructive approach had a significant effect on marital conventionalization and global distress (η=0.456, F=2.27 (27,2), Pvalue<0.001). Also, the results showed that couple therapy based on emotional reconstruction on marital conventionalization (η2 = 0.326, F=1.286 (28,1), Pvalue<0.001) and global distress had a significant effect (η2 = 0.268, F=10.267 (28,1), Pvalue<0.003).
Conclusions: Therefore, educating psychotherapy programs based on affective reconstructive approach and such methods to psychologists, health professionals, couple therapists, and family counselors to improve marital conventionalization and global distress can be effective.
Keywords: Couple therapy, Affective-reconstructive, Marital conventionalization, Global distress.
 
The Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management and Grammatical Mental Imagery with Cognitive Processing on Negative Mood, Cognitive Regulation of Emotion and Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Get PDFBackground: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal dysfunction with some psychological disorders. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral stress management (CBSM) and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing on reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), cognitive regulation of emotion, and quality of life (QoL) in patients with IBS.
Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental one with pre-test and post-test and a control group. The statistical population included all male and female patients with IBS referred to Besat Gastroenterology Clinic in Tehran. The sample size of the present study was estimated to be 75 people who were randomly assigned to the CBSM group (n=25), the grammatical imaging experiment with cognitive processing (n=25), and the control group (n=25) by lottery method without replacement. The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), Life Quality Questionnaire (SF-36), Beck\u27s Depression Inventory, and The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to collect data.
Results: The results of covariance analysis showed that CBSM therapy and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing were effective in reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), cognitive regulation of emotion, and QoL (Pvalue=0.001). The results of covariance analysis also showed a significant difference between CBSM and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing only in terms of QoL. There was no significant difference between CBSM and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing in reducing negative mood (depression and anxiety), and cognitive emotion regulation.
Conclusions: According to the results, CBSM therapy and grammatical mental imagery with cognitive processing increase the QoL and reduce negative emotions in patients with IBS.
Keywords: Grammatical mental imagery, Cognitive-behavioral, Stress management, Quality of life, Irritable bowel syndrom
The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Patients with Chronic Pain in Ahvaz
Get PDFBackground: Chronic pain causes various problems and agonies including emotional disorders as well as limited personal, social, and occupational functioning. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with chronic pain.
Methods: The research method was experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design and a control group. The study population comprised all patients with chronic pain who were referred to the medical centers of Ahvaz in 2018. Using convenience sampling, we selected 30 patients willing to participate in the study and randomly divided them into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Both were groups tested at the beginning and end of the intervention program with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). The experimental group underwent nine sessions (90-minute sessions per week) of acceptance and commitment therapy. The follow-up was performed after 60 days. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 23.
Results: The mean ± SD of the post-test scores of depression, anxiety, and stress was (12.03±2.82), (10.50±2.34), and (12.50±1.72) in the experimental group and (21.33±1.84), (19.20±4.12), and (26.71±1.18) in the control group, which had significant differences with each other. The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy effectively decreased depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with chronic pain in the experimental group (Pvalue<0.05).
Conclusions: Acceptance and commitment therapy can be used as an effective intervention program to reduce depression, anxiety, and stress in patients with chronic pain.
Keywords: Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Chronic pain
The Role of Life Style Behaviors on Depressive Symptoms in Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Get PDFBackground: The lifestyle behaviors such as consumption of fruit and vegetables, along with time spent in physical activities and screen time are crucial for weight management, and improving these behaviors may be a key role in increasing mental health. This study aimed to investigate the role of lifestyle behaviors on depressive symptoms in children during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included male and female elementary school students (grades 4-6) in public schools in the eastern cities of Mazandaran province in 2020, among which 530 people were selected by random cluster sampling. Data collection tools included questionnaires of children\u27s physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, children\u27s depression, Screen time, and socioeconomic status. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression tests.
Results: The findings showed that just 13.3% of children had sufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables and 57.6% of students sufficient physical activity did not have.in addition, screen time was increased with age and be more in females. Regression analysis showed that the consumption of fruits and vegetables and physical activity both have the inverse effect on depressive symptoms, with the coefficient of effect -0.191 and -0.21 respectively; while screen time has a positive effect with an effective coefficient of 0.25 (Pvalue<0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that in addition to physical activity and consumption of fruits and vegetables, the important role of Screen time in the design of interventions to promote mental health in children, especially during the outbreak of Covid-19 should be considered.
Keywords: Depressive symptoms, Fruit and vegetable, Physical activity, Screen time, COVID-19