International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Social anxiety and Perceived Stress in patients with Epilepsy
Get PDFBackground: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders that can cause social anxiety and perceived stress in individuals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on social anxiety and perceived stress in patients with epilepsy.
Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and equal control group performed on people with epilepsy under the auspices of the Khorasan Razavi epilepsy support association in 2019. Thirty patients were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups (15 patients in the experimental group and 15 patients in the control group). Research tools including Conver\u27s social anxiety questionnaire (2000) and Cohen et al.\u27s (1983) perceived stress questionnaire were used. Multivariate analysis of MANCOVA and ANCOVA multivariate analysis of covariance was used for data analysis.
Results: The results showed that the mean of social anxiety and perceived stress in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group in the post-test (Pvalue<0.05). The results of one-way analysis of covariance with pre-test control showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of social anxiety (F=65.75 and Pvalue<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant difference between patients with epilepsy in the experimental group and the control group in terms of perceived stress (F=138.56 and Pvalue<0.001).
Conclusions: It can be said that the ACT can reduce social anxiety and perceived stress in patients with epilepsy.
Keywords: Epilepsy, Patient, Acceptance and commitment therapy, Social anxiety, Perceived stres
Evaluating the Relationship between Maternal Attachment Styles and Children\u27s Separation Anxiety Level: The Mediating Role of Mothers’ Maternal Early Maladaptive Schemas
Get PDFBackgrounds: This study was aimed to evaluate the relationship between maternal attachment style and early maladaptive schemas and the separation anxiety level of children aged 3 to 6 years in the city of Mashhad.
Methods: The research sample consisted of 300 mothers with children aged 3 to 6 years who were selected from kindergartens in Mashhad (Iran) by random clustered sampling method. We used Hazan and Shaver’s adult attachment questionnaire, young schemas questionnaire - short form, and the separation anxiety questionnaire (parents’ form) to collect the data. We also used the correlation coefficient and the path analysis model to examine and test the research hypotheses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-20 and Amos 20 software.
Results: The results showed that ambivalent and avoidant attachment styles are mediated by the emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation schemas and predict separation anxiety.
Conclusion: Therefore, among the early maladaptive schemas, emotional deprivation, abandonment, dependence, and social isolation play a mediating role concerning the attachment styles and separation anxiety, which can be used in the design of treatment plans.
Keywords: Separation anxiety, Early maladaptive schemas, Attachment styles, Mother
Attitude of Medical Students toward Third-party Reproductive Techniques
Get PDFBackground: Pregnancy with the help of a third party, including the use of sperm, oocyte, embryo, and uterus, can be considered as an option for some infertile couples. Due to the important role of health professionals in infertility treatments, their attitudes are of particular importance in the acceptance or rejection of fertility suggestions involving the help of a third party. This study aimed to determine the attitudes of medical students at medical universities in Tehran toward third-party reproduction.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at the Medical University of Tehran in 2018. Medical students (n=187) filled out the questionnaire, which consisted of two parts: the demographic characteristics of the research subjects and the questionnaire consisted of 76 questions about attitudes toward third-party reproduction. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were determined, and test-retest reliability of the questionnaire was established (0.89).
Results: According to gender, participants’ attitudes toward childbearing, the importance of genetic dependency between parents and children, law issues, anonymity in donation programs, parental affection, the importance of the recipient\u27s and donor\u27s characteristics, surrogacy, gamete, and embryo donation were all statistically non-significant (Pvalue>0.05). According to age and also to year of entering the university, participants’ attitude only toward childbearing was statistically significant (Pvalue= 0.018 and 0.01, respectively).
Conclusion: Since medical school students may set on the road to a specialty associated with infertility and its ramifications, it’s better to educate our soon-to-be health system professionals on all necessary aspects of infertility and third-party reproduction.
Key Words: Attitude; Donor Conception; Infertility; Medical Students; Assisted Reproductive Technique
Investigating the Effect of two Methods of Dialectic Behavioral Therapies and Metacognitive Therapy on the Body Mass Index and Emotional Eating Behavior in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes is one of the chronic multifactorial metabolic diseases that in addition to affecting the clinical condition of the individual, incurs many costs to different communities around the world and also in Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy on the body mass index and emotional eating behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: This study was an applied and controlled clinical trial one with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and random assignment and quarterly follow-up. The participants were selected from among patients referring to Mashhad diabetes research center. The patients were randomly divided into two experimental (n=40) and control group (n=20). The experimental groups received weekly sessions for 2 months (8 sessions), while the control group did not receive any intervention. To collect the data, in addition to the demographic questionnaire, the standard Dutch Eating Behavior questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed and examined by SPSS 21 and statistical tests. Significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: Based on the study, it was found that there was a significant difference between the mean of intervention and control groups (Pvalue<0.05). In other words, dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy significantly reduced the body mass index and emotional eating behavior in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Conclusions: According to the results, it seems that dialectical behavior therapy and metacognitive psychotherapy can be used as effective psychological interventions to reduce body mass index and emotional eating behavior in patients, which requires further investigation.
Keywords: Diabetes, Dialectic behavioral therapies, Metacognitive therapy
The Effectiveness of Skill Training based on Compassion-Focused Therapy on Psychological Capital and Depression in Adolescent Girls with Type 1 Diabetes
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes is a chronic disease with a high risk of disability and death. In addition to physical complications, some psychological problems especially depression and loss of psychological capital are also common in people with diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) training on psychological capital and depression in female adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow-up. The statistical population of the study was all adolescents aged 16-14 years with type 1 diabetes in Sanandaj City. The statistical sample consisted of 30 adolescents with type 1 diabetes who were purposefully selected and randomly divided into experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. The PCQ-24 scale was used to collect data to measure psychological capital and the BDI-II scale was used to measure depression. The experimental group received 90 minutes of skill training based on CFT in eight sessions, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by repeated measure in SPSS software v. 25.
Results: The results showed that skill training based on CFT was effective on psychological capital and depression in adolescent girls with type 1 diabetes in the post-test phase (Pvalue<0.05), and had a lasting effect (Pvalue<0.05).
Conclusions: The results showed that Skill Training Based on CFT is effective on psychological capital and depression, so it is recommended that clinical psychologists use this training to increase the psychological health of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Keywords: Skill Training, Compassion-Focused Therapy, Psychological Capital, Depression, Diabetes type
The Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Negative Automatic Thoughts, Suicidal Ideation and Life Expectancy in Female Students of Yasooj University of Medical Sciences
Get PDFBackground: Suicide has occurred in all cultures and eras is a disaster for the individual, family, and society. Dialectical behavior therapy is a practical treatment for major depressive disorder. The main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of dialectical behavior therapy on negative automatic thoughts, suicidal ideation, and life expectancy in female students of Yasooj University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: The research method is quasi-experimental and the statistical population of the study included female students of Yasooj University of Medical Sciences in the age range of 18 to 25 years. The sample size was 40 people who were selected by a convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of dialectical behavior therapy and control group. To collect data, Snyder Hope Scale, Negative Automatic Thought Scale, and Beck Suicidal ideation Questionnaire in pre-test and post-test stages were used. In the intervention phase, the experimental group underwent dialectical behavior therapy for ten sessions of 120 minutes while the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.
Results: The findings indicate that dialectical behavior therapy was effective in increasing life expectancy and reducing negative automatic thoughts (Pvalue=0.001) and was not significantly effective in reducing suicidal ideation.
Conclusions: Considering the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on reducing negative thoughts and increasing the level of hope, therefore dialectical behavior therapy training is recommended to increase knowledge and empower students against depression and its components.
Keywords: Dialectical behavior therapy, Suicidal ideations, Negative automatic thoughts, Life expectanc
Investigating the Association between Social Factors and Life Satisfaction of High School Students
Get PDFBackground: Life satisfaction is one of the predictors of one’s psychological health which has attracted researchers’ attention. The study aimed to investigate the association between social factors and life satisfaction of high school students in Semnan Province, Iran.
Methods: The statistical society of the research includes all high school students of Semnan Province, between the ages 12 to 17, in the 2019-2020 academic year. The number of students in this statistical society was 45834 students. The sample size of the statistical society was estimated as 381 students by the Cochran formula. In the present research, one of the limited probability sampling methods, that is multi-stage cluster sampling, was used. The tool used for data collection was a questionnaire. For answering the questions and analysis of the hypothesis, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman correlation coefficient, and Regression analysis for answering the research questions and analysis of research hypothesis were used. The software used for data analysis was SPSS V25. The statistical significance was set at 0.05.
Results: The findings of the research shows that there is a significant relationship between all social factors and the level of life satisfaction of high school students in Semnan province (P>value0.05).
Conclusions: Considering the results of the study, it seems that life satisfaction among students is not made by a single cause; so different factors can bring about and improve such variables. Therefore, all capacities have to be used to create life satisfaction in high school students.
Key Words: life satisfaction, Social factors, High school students
Socio-economic Status and Infant Mortality Rate: Socio-Economic Status and Infant Mortality Rate
No full textBackgrounds: For more than forty years medical sociology has explained numerous examples of the social patterning of disease. They have shown a strong association between health and socioeconomic status (SES). One of the most important indicators of development in each country is the infant mortality rate, and SES is main determinant for this indicator. This study has evaluated the impact of SES on infant mortality in Shahroud, 2017.
Methods: In This cross-sectional study, the information of 4242 children born in 2017 was extracted from the electronic health record with the help of the Data Collection Form. In the first part, the information was about demographics and health care of the household. The second part was related to the household economic status, it was asked to the mothers by phone or in person, including questions about the equipment and tools used by the household. The PCA method (Principal Component Analysis) was used to determine the socio-economic status, and finally, the households were divided into two high and low socio-economic groups. Confounding factors such as mothers’ gravidity, history of congenital anomalies in previous children, mother age, history of abortion, type of delivery, the interval of pregnancies, were also used in the study to investigate the effect of SES on infant mortality.
Results: Based on our findings, out of 4242 children born in 2017, a total of 21 children died before one year old. The chance of death in children of households belonging to the low SES was 2.93 times more than high SES (CI95% = 1.14-7.54).
Conclusions: In general, improving households’ socio-economic status can be very effective in reducing child mortality. Government, non-government, and NGO supports can help to improve the economic situation of households and they can help poor families to receive some expensive health services. It is also recommended to promote family health literacy.
Keywords: Socio-economic status, Principal component analysis, Infant, Mortality, Shahroud
Low Birth Weight of Newborns and Its Association with Demographic and Socio-economic Determinants: Findings from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Bangladesh 2019
Get PDFBackground: Low Birth Weight (LBW) is considered as one of the major public health problems which is an important determinant of morbidity and mortality among newborn babies in Bangladesh. This study aimed to examine the current prevalence of LBW and its association with different socio-economic and demographic determinants in the context of Bangladesh.
Methods: The cross-sectional data for this study were extracted from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Bangladesh 2019, which was carried out in 2019 by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) in collaboration with UNICEF Bangladesh, as part of the Global MICS Program. To examine the association of LBW with other selected determinants, Chi-square (χ2) test was performed and a logistic regression model was used to explore the net effect of determinants on LBW using odds ratio (OR).
Results: Using the sub-sample of nationally representative data, the study reveals that the prevalence of LBW in Bangladesh was 13.6%. The highest prevalence of LBW was found among mothers whose ages were less than 20 years, who did not receive prenatal care, who were not educated, who were from poor socio-economic conditions. LBW was also severe among infants with the highest birth order and multiple births. This study also identified the mother’s age at the time of childbirth, the status of receiving prenatal care, type of birth (single or multiple), birth order, educational status of the mother, wealth index, and place of residence are the most important determinants that are significantly associated with LBW status of newborns.
Conclusions: This study suggests that the Government should take necessary initiatives to address the risk factors which are responsible for the high prevalence of LBW in Bangladesh. This study will also deliver the degree of success in public health policy in Bangladesh and aims to help outline future tactics to lessen the prevalence of LBW.
Keywords: Low birth weights (LBW), Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS), Bangladesh
Prevalence and Covariates of Metabolic Syndrome among Elderly People Living in Nursing Homes, Semnan, Iran: Metabolic syndrome among elderly subjects
No full textBackgrounds: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and covariates of metabolic syndrome among the elderly residents in nursing homes in Semnan Province, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among aged participants institutionalized in nursing home in 2018. The study participants’ characteristics were assessed using a demographic assessment form. Moreover, the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, Mentally Assessing Nutritional Assessment (MANA), Katz\u27s Index of Independence in Activity of Daily Living, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and well-being were applied to assess the participants’ physical and mental status. In addition, Para-clinical and biochemical tests for diagnosis of metabolic syndrome used based on the Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII).
Results: In this study, of 129 eligible participants, 27.7% were suffering from metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of MS in male and female subjects were 26.6% and 28%, respectively. The results of the study indicated a significant relationship between metabolic syndrome and nutritional statues (Pvalue=0.004), mental status (Pvalue=0.001) and ADL (Pvalue=0.003). Moreover, the results showed no significant relationship between well-being and metabolic syndrome. Of all variables of the study, significant relationship between smoking habit, lack of daily activity, abdominal obesity, high systolic and blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) HDL-cholesterol, Waist Circumference (WC), systole blood pressure (SBP) were found to be statistically significant.
Conclusions: The findings of the study indicated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among institutionalized elderlies is high. It is recommended to implement preventive and therapeutic measures in this vulnerable group of elderly people.
Key words: Metabolic Syndrome, Elderly People, Nursing Homes, Prevalenc