International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Treatment on Depression and Optimism among Women with Breast Cancer during Chemotherapy
Get PDFBackground: A breast cancer diagnosis can be a disturbing and stressful time for women. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction treatment depression and optimism during chemotherapy among women with breast cancer.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental one with a group of pre-test, post-test, and controls. In this study, 26 women with breast cancer detection were identified from the referring patients to the Imam Hossein Hospital\u27s oncology and radiotherapy division in Tehran, 2019-2020. Using the method of convenience sampling, the experimental (n=13) and control groups (n=13) were randomly allocated. The study group regularly engaged in mindfulness sessions for 8 weeks (each session lasting 90-120 minutes). In the BDI-II Beck Depression Inventory-II and happiness questionnaires, customers/clients in both the experimental and control groups completed. Data were analyzed by using a univariate covariance test in SPSS 23 software.
Results: According to the findings, there was a significant difference in depression and optimism among breast cancer patients, (Pvalue<0.05). Also, the mean overall depression score for women with breast cancer in the therapy session was considerably lower than the pre-test score, although optimism was significantly higher than the pre-test score (Pvalue<0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study support the use of MBSR to minimize symptom burden in women with breast cancer. As a result, the effectiveness of MBSR in reducing depression symptoms and improving confidence has been approved.
Keywords: Mindfulness, Depression, Optimism, Women with breast cancer, Chemotherap
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Premarital Program Training for Building a Lasting Connection (BLC) based on EFT Approach on the Level of Marital Satisfaction of Married Couples
No full textBackground: Marriage preparation programs have shown significant positive effects, especially in teaching marriage skills and conflict resolution. One of the effects of these programs is to increase marital satisfaction. Marital satisfaction has a great impact on the family and the physical and mental health of its members and is one of the most important and effective factors in maintaining a successful, healthy and happy life.
Method: The research method used for this research was quasi-experimental using a control group and a pretest-posttest design. The statistical population of this study included all couples who were in their marriage and at least 6 months and a maximum of 3 years have passed since their marriage. The number of statistical samples for this study included 22 couples (44 people) who were during their marriage. These samples were randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group.
Result: As the results of this study showed, the difference between the pre-test-post-test scores of the experimental and control groups for the marital satisfaction variable and the mean scores of the experimental group in the marital satisfaction variable with a value of F = 47.71 at the level of p <0. 05 was more than the control group. Therefore, the results show the effect of premarital education (BLC) on increasing marital satisfaction in the experimental group.
Discuss: The BLC premarital education package can play an effective role in increasing couples \u27satisfaction due to its comprehensive and multidimensional view of couples\u27 relationship and providing a platform for building a secure bond
The Effectiveness of Cognitive Therapy based on Mindfulness Training on Reducing Social Anxiety and Increasing Self-esteem of Students with Learning Disabilities
Get PDFBackground: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness training on reducing social anxiety and increasing the self-esteem of students with learning disabilities.
Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental trial with a pretest-posttest design along with a control group. The statistical population included all male students with learning disabilities in the 2018-2019 academic years, in the fourth to sixth grades of Isfahan. The sample consisted of 30 people who were randomly divided into two groups of control and experimental (15 people in each group). The research instruments included the Libovitz social anxiety questionnaire and Cooper-Smith self-esteem questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 according to the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA).
Results: The results showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective in reducing social anxiety of students with learning disabilities (Pvalue<0.01). Also, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was effective in increasing the self-esteem of students with learning disabilities (Pvalue<0.01).
Conclusions: Based on the results, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can reduce social anxiety in students with learning disabilities and increase their self-esteem.
Keywords: Cognitive therapy, Social anxiety, Self-esteem, Learning disabilities
Serial Interval Distribution of COVID-19 among Iranian Reported Confirmed Cases
Get PDFType of manuscript: short report
Introduction: Serial interval refers to the average time between of the onset of the symptoms of two successive cases. Serial interval distribution can be used for the calculation of the basic reproduction number (R0), transmission rate, and study of an epidemic trend. This study aims to investigate the mean, standard deviation, and distribution of serial interval among the confirmed cases of COVID-19 using a Gamma distribution.
Methods: To determine the serial interval, 60 confirmed infected cases of COVID-19 (based on PCR test results) in February 20th-May 20th, 2020 were selected as the cases. For these cases, 37 transmissions occurred. The data of the dates of the occurrence of primary and secondary symptoms were collected by referring to the COVID-19 surveillance system and interviewing the patients
Results: The findings showed that the median and mean of the serial interval were 3.0 and 4.5± 3.5 days. The findings showed that the median of the serial interval was 3.0 days (with the inter-quartile range of 2.0-6.0). The mean serial interval was 4.5± 3.5 days (95% confidence interval: 3.1-5.5).
Conclusions: Our report showed a shorter period for a serial interval less than the previous reported interval in China. It seems that regarding the shorter serial interval reported in this study, the basic reproduction numbers reported by the first papers published in Iran have been overestimated regarding the serial interval of 7.5 days.
Key words: COVID-19, Serial interval, Gamma distributio
The The Social Adjustment and Depression during Outbreak of COVID-19 among Iranian People: The Social Adjustment COVID-19 Pandemic among Iranian People
No full textBackground: The sudden outbreak of Corona has created public depression and social changes, which affected countries and communities in terms of psychosocial issues. Social adjustment and physical activity play a very significant role to improve mental health. The purpose of this study was to compare social adjustment and depression during the outbreak of COVID-19 in Iranian employees regarding physical activity participation before the outbreak.
Methods: The research method was a causal-comparative type. The statistical population of the study included all men and women over the age of 25 workings in governmental agencies, among which 403 people participated in the online survey by random method. The data about age, occupational, family, and educational condition were collected by demographic questionnaire. Using the short-form depression questionnaire (BDI-13), the depression during an outbreak of COVID-19 was evaluated. A 25-item social adjustment questionnaire (self-made questionnaire) was used for collecting the data of social adjustment specific to new social norms caused by COVID-19.
Results: Data analysis using ANOVA showed that active individuals had higher social adjustment than inactive individuals (F = 10.398). Social adjustment was also statistically significant related to depression (r = -0.165).
Conclusions: Overall, applying physical activity with the observance of the guidelines approved by the Ministry of Health and other reference institutions will be a great help for the promotion of the social adjustments and mental health.
Keywords: COVID-19, Social adjustment, Physical activity, Depressio
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MiCBT), Meta-Cognitive Therapy (MCT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Get PDFBackground: Due to the lack of a comparative study on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral approaches on Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of CBT, ACT, MCT, and MICBT on the symptoms of OCD patients.
Methods: The research design was experimental, with pre-test, post-test, follow-up, and a control group. The research population comprised patients with OCD who are referred to Shiraz (Iran) Counseling centers in the first quarter of 2017 with a definitive diagnosis of OCD. Participants were elected and had been assigned to five groups of twenty individuals by random. The subjects have been evaluated before and after the intervention by the Yale-Brown questionnaire. Data are analyzed using repeated measure analysis of Anova via SPSS 21.
Results: The findings showed that all four types of intervention, i.e., MiCBT, MCT, ACT, and CBT, were effective in improving short-term OCD symptoms. Also, there was no significant difference in the long-term (follow-up/one month) between the MCT and CBT approaches; while ACT and MiCBT have maintained their therapeutic effect in the follow-up.
Conclusions: OCD can be treated with all the mentioned therapies in short term; but, only ACT and MiCBT can be helpful in the long term.
Keywords: Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), Meta-Cognitive Therapy (MCT), Mindfulness-integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MiCBT)
Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Reducing Impulsive Behaviors, Alexithymia, and Despair in Depressed Patients at Counseling Centers in Ahvaz: Alexithymia and Despair in Depressed Patients
No full textBackground: Depression is one of the most prevalent mental disorders that severely affect activities and mental health. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on reducing impulsive behaviors (IBs), alexithymia, and despair in depressed patients at counseling centers in Ahvaz.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up design, and a control group. The study population comprised all patients with depression who were referred to the counseling centers of Ahvaz in 2019. The sample consisted of 30 patients with depression selected by convenience sampling and divided into experimental and control groups (n= 15 per group). The experimental group underwent twelve sessions (90-minutes sessions per week) of cognitive-behavioral therapy. The research instruments included the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Miller Hope Scale (MHS). The follow-up was performed after 30 days. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) reduced impulsive behaviors (IBs), alexithymia, and despair in the experimental group of depressed groups compared with the control group in the post-test and follow-up (Pvalue= 0.0001).
Conclusions: CBT can be used at counseling centers for better treatment of IBs, alexithymia, and despair in depressed groups.
Keywords: Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Impulsive behaviors, Alexithymia, Despair, Depression
P Alterations in Plasma Proteome Pattern and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
No full textBackground: Free radical production, changes in the proteome, and lipid peroxidation are the consequences of hyperglycemia in diabetes. This study aimed to examine the changes in plasma proteome along with oxidative status in type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Thirty type 2 diabetic patients and 25 healthy subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. Fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile was measured in all subjects. To measure oxidative stress parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were assayed. Plasma proteome pattern was determined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Visual analysis of gels was performed using software (Image Master).
Results: MDA level was higher in the diabetic group compared to the healthy group 4.10 (± 0.57) vs. 3.2 (± 0.10) nmol/ml, Pvalue<0.01). TAC reduced in diabetic patients 17.85 (± 1.2) vs. 38.60 (± 2.4) mmol/ml, Pvalue=0.01). Some changes were observed in the 2-D gel electrophoresis pattern in diabetic patients comparing to those of the healthy group.
Conclusions: The results indicated the presence of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes patients. Also, different proteome patterns showed the presence of different or modified proteins in diabetic patients that can be due to changes in the glycation of proteins or may be induced as a response to oxidative stress.
Keywords: Diabetes, Plasma proteome, Malondialdehyde, Total antioxidant, Two-dimensional electrophoresis
Effectiveness of Logotherapy Intervention Program in Reducing Drug Cravings and Preventing Relapse among Males with Substance Dependence in Ahvaz
Get PDFBackground: Given that the important characteristics of drug abuse are high relapse rate and craving, the use of new therapeutic interventions that help drug dependents can be very important. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of logotherapy intervention program in reducing drug cravings and preventing relapse among males with substance dependence in Ahvaz in 2019.
Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all the males with addiction disorder who were referred to treatment centers in Ahvaz city during 2018. Using convenience sampling, we selected 30 males with addiction disorder willing to participate in the study and randomly divided them into experimental and control groups (n=15 per group). The research instruments included Gorski\u27s Warning Signs of a Relapse and the Craving Questionnaire. The experimental group underwent eight sessions (90-minute sessions per week) of the logotherapy intervention program. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was used to analyze the data. SPSS version 22.0 was further used to analyze the data.
Results: The mean ± SD of the drug craving for experimental and control groups in the post-test phase was 36.46±6.77 and 49.06±12.95, respectively. The results showed that intervention programs were effective in reducing drug craving and relapse in males with drug addiction (Pvalue= 0.001).
Conclusions: Training logotherapy was shown effective in reducing drug cravings and preventing relapse in males with substance dependence, and thus it can be used in drug rehabilitation centers to prevent relapse in clients.
Keywords: Logotherapy, Drug craving, Preventing relapse, Drug abuse, Health
Analysis of the Impact of Johnson\u27s Behavioral Model on Anxiety of Mothers of Children with Cancer: Analysis of the Impact of Johnson\u27s Behavioral Model on Anxiety of Mothers of Children with Cancer
No full textBackground: Nowadays, cancer is one of the most critical health problems. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of the Johnson Behavioral Model on the anxiety of mothers of children with cancer.
Methods: This empirical study was done on 66 mothers of children with cancer in the centers covered by children with cancer in 2020. The samples were selected using simple random sampling. Data were collected using the Spielberger demographic and anxiety inventory. After data collection, data analysis was done in SPSS18 using descriptive statistics and independent t-test, paired t-test, chi-square test, fisher, and covariance test. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: The anxiety level was equal to 112.39±18.22 and 111±20.07 before intervention and equal to 81.21±6012 and 108.42±18.37 after the intervention in the intervention and control group, respectively. The independent t-test showed no significant difference between the two groups before the intervention (Pvalue=0.769). However, the difference was significant after the intervention (Pvalue<0.01). The paired t-test showed a significant difference between the two groups before and after the intervention in the intervention (Pvalue=0.001) and control (Pvalue<0.001) groups.
Conclusions: The results obtained from this study showed that the Johnson theory plays a key role in reducing the anxiety of mothers of children with cancer.
Keywords: Johnson Behavioral Model, Anxiety, Mothers of children, Cance