Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
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Correlation Between Academic Stress and Random Blood Glucose Levels in Medical Laboratory Technology (D.IV) Students at Kadiri University
Full text linkAcademic stress is a challenging condition faced by students due to academic pressure, which can affect physiological functions such as blood glucose levels. This study aimed to assess the correlation between academic stress levels and blood glucose levels among students enrolled in the Medical Laboratory Technology (D.IV) Study Program at Kadiri University. This was a quantitative, non-experimental study using a cross-sectional design. The participants were 31 students, of whom 28 met the inclusion criteria. The Perceived Sources of Academic Stress (PSAS) questionnaire was used to measure academic stress levels, while the One Tech Medical Komodo 200 photometer was used to measure random blood glucose levels. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation test. The findings showed that most participants experienced moderate stress (71.43%) and had normal blood glucose levels (53.57%). Pearson’s correlation analysis yielded r = 0.045 and p = 0.819 (p > 0.05), indicating no significant relationship between academic stress and blood glucose levels. These results suggest that academic stress did not have a statistically or practically significant effect on blood glucose levels among the students
Formulation of Chia Seed Oil (Salvia hispanica) Nanoemulgel as An Antioxidant
No full textChia seed oil (Salvia hispanica) contains bioactive compounds, including tocopherols and phenolics, which exhibit antioxidant properties against free radicals. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of chia seed oil, determine the optimal nanoemulsion formulation based on physical characteristics and antioxidant activity, and develop a nanoemulgel preparation. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH method. Nanoemulsion optimization was performed by varying concentrations of the surfactant Cremophor RH 40 and cosurfactant PEG 400. The best formulation (Formula 1) consisted of Cremophor RH 40 (80%), PEG 400 (10%), and chia seed oil (5%). The selected nanoemulsion was incorporated into a nanoemulgel containing 30% nanoemulsion and 70% gel base composed of Carbopol (0.5%), DMDM hydantoin (0.5%), and propylene glycol (5%). The nanoemulgel was evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesiveness, emulsion type, stability, and antioxidant activity. Results demonstrated that the formulation possessed good and stable physical characteristics, with strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 22.10 ppm). These findings indicate its potential for development as a natural-based pharmaceutical and cosmetic product.
Comparative Study of Vitamin C Content in Rome Beauty Apples (Malus sylvestris Mill) with Several Processing Methods
No full textApples are known to contain antioxidants and vitamin C which play important roles in protecting the body from oxidative stress and degenerative diseases. However, vitamin C is sensitive to heat, light, and oxygen, which can lead to degradation during processing. This study aimed to compare the vitamin C content of Rome Beauty apple (Malus sylvestris Mill.) in various processed forms commonly consumed by the public, including fresh apple, apple juice, cider, dodol, and apple chips. The research was conducted using a titrimetric method with 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol dye to determine vitamin C content. Five samples were analyzed in duplicate. The data were statistically tested using the Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests to evaluate differences among samples. The vitamin C content ranged from 2.85 to 12.36 mg/100 g. The highest content was found in fresh apples (12.36 mg/100 g), followed by apple juice (6.41 mg/100 g), apple extract (5.23 mg/100 g), apple dodol (2.85 mg/100 g), and apple chips (2.85 mg/100 g). Statistical analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among the samples, particularly between fresh or juiced apples and processed forms such as dodol and chips. Processing significantly reduces the vitamin C content of Rome Beauty apples. Heat treatment, oxidation, and exposure to air during processing are the major factors contributing to vitamin C loss. Therefore, consuming fresh apples provides the greatest nutritional benefit in terms of vitamin C intake
Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Gedi Merah terhadap Glukosa Darah, Malondialdehid, 8-Hdroksi-Deoksiguanosin, Insulin Tikus Diabetes
Full text linkRed Gedi Leaves Extract (RGLE) have phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins and tannins which known as antidiabetic agents. Study had been done about RGLE (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medic) on blood glucose level, 8-hydroxy-deoksiguanosin, malondialdehyde and insulin in diabetic rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study aims to prove the effects of RGLE in blood glucose levels, 8-hydroxy-deoksiguanosin, and malondialdehyde and insulin levels in rats with diabetes induced by streptozotocin and which is the most effective dosage of RGLE. Study used pre and post test design. RGLE obtained by maceration method using by ethanol 96%. There were 120 white male rats which were divided into six treatment groups, each group consisting of 20 individuals. Group I (healthy control), II (negative control) were given by Na-CMC 0.5%. Group III as the positive control were given by glibenclamide, group IV, V, and VI given by RGLE with different doses (150, 300 and 450)mg/kg BW. Animal test were diabetic induced by Streptozotocin with 40 mg/kg BW dosage i.p. Data were analyzed by One Way (ANOVA). The result showed that RGLE can reduced blood glucose levels, 8-hydroxy-deoksiguanosin, and malondialdehyde and increased insulin levels in diabetic rats. The Effective Dosage of RGLE is 150 mg/kg BW
Karakteristik dan Analisis Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Pasien Penderita Tuberkulosis Di Puskesmas Temindung Samarinda Kalimantan Timur
Full text linkA study concerning the characteristics and Analysis of Drug Related Problems (DRPs) Patients with Tuberculosis Patients in Public Health Center (PHC) Temindung, Samarinda in East Kalimantan. The study was conducted using a prospective approach to the study of data sources in the form of primary data and secondary data. The primary data source is data from interviews with patients and through the provision of questionnaires and secondary data in this research is a Tuberculosis patient medical record data. Data collection was performed by analyzing the accuracy of the DRPs categories of accuracy of drugs, side effects and patient non-compliance. As well as the data recorded in the form of research support patient characteristics are age, sex, and education. Data were analyzed descriptively. Data obtained from patients with male gender 63.6% and women 36.4. Patient with age <15 years 4.5%, aged between 15-50 years and 68.2% aged> 50 years 27.3% . Based on the patient\u27s level of education, no school 9.1%, graduated from elementary school22.7%, graduated from high school18.2%, graduated from high school40.1%, scholar 9.1%. Incidence of DRPs on drugs interactions 507%. Tuberculosis patient compliance rate of 81.8% in PHC Temindung adherent patients and 18.2% of patients do not compl
Potential of Flavonoid Compounds from Etlingera elatior against Estrogen Receptor Alpha (ER+) as an Anti-Breast Cancer in Silico
No full textEstrogen receptor positive (ER+) subtype breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women and requires targeted therapy to improve the effectiveness of treatment. This study aims to explore the potential of active compounds flavonoid group from Etlingera elatior as estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) inhibitors through an in silico approach. Nine compounds were predicted for their pharmacokinetic and toxicity characteristics using SwissADME, then three compounds with the best profiles were selected for molecular docking using AutoDock. The results of the analysis showed that the epicatechin compound had the best binding affinity (–7.57kcal/mol) and a low inhibition constant (Ki 2.80μM), approaching the positive control value of tamoxifen (-10.49kcal/mol; Ki 20.32μM). Epicatechin also showed a good pharmacokinetic profile, was non-toxic, and was conformationally stable in the active pocket of ER+. Thus, epicatechin has the potential as a candidate for natural anticancer agents for the development of ER+ subtype breast cancer therapy based on natural compounds
Knowledge And Practice Of Non-Sterile Good Compounding Practice (GCP) In Samarinda City Community Health Center: Analysis Of Implementation By Pharmacists
Full text linkGood Compounding Practice (GCP) is a guideline for proper drug compounding, providing detailed instructions on applying good compounding practices to prepare drug formulations intended for human use. Poor compounding can compromise quality, including issues with uniformity of content/potency and weight, physical, chemical, and biological stability, as well as the risk of drug interactions and side effects. The compounding process involves several steps, including preparation, mixing, assembly, packaging, and labeling according to the physician\u27s prescription. This study aims to assess the level of pharmacists\u27 knowledge about GCP, the implementation of GCP, and the relationship between pharmacists\u27 knowledge of GCP and its implementation. This research is non-experimental with a cross-sectional design. The study subjects are pharmacists in Samarinda City, focusing on their knowledge of GCP, the implementation of GCP, and the relationship between the level of knowledge and its implementation. The sampling technique used is total sampling, and data analysis to determine the correlation between knowledge and implementation uses chi-square analysis. The results indicate that the level of pharmacists\u27 knowledge about Good Compounding Practice (GCP) and its implementation in Puskesmas is categorized as "Good." The average knowledge score is 83.26, while the implementation score is 8
Jamu and Women\u27s Health: Exploring Its Role in Reproductive and Maternal Care
Full text linkJamu, a traditional Indonesian medicine system, has been practiced for centuries and is deeply rooted in the cultural practices and daily life of local communities. It embodies a holistic approach that integrates physical, spiritual, and emotional well-being, emphasizing harmony with nature, balance, and the interconnection of body, mind, and spirit. Jamu plays a significant role in women\u27s health, particularly in reproductive and maternal care, due to cultural beliefs surrounding its use. Women often use Jamu during different life stages, viewing it as a cultural norm supported by generations of traditional knowledge. The potential role of Jamu in women\u27s reproductive and maternal care is an area of emerging interest, as it aligns with the widespread use of natural remedies in similar contexts around the world. While the benefits of Jamu are culturally and historically supported, its safety and efficacy remain subjects of ongoing investigation. The integration of Jamu into modern healthcare systems presents both opportunities and challenges. Key opportunities include enhancing cultural acceptance of healthcare services, promoting holistic health benefits, and improving patient-centered care. However, challenges persist in standardization, scientific validation, and quality control. The "scientization" of Jamu, involving the transition from experience-based to evidence-based practices, is crucial for its safe and effective integration. Future directions should focus on the systematic incorporation of Jamu into mainstream healthcare, preserving its cultural elements while ensuring safety and efficacy through comprehensive regulatory frameworks, rigorous scientific research, and collaboration between traditional practitioners and modern healthcare providers
Efek Hemostatis Ekstrak Metanol Daun Sisik Naga (Drymoglossum Piloselloides Presl.) pada Tikus Jantan (Rattus norvegicus L.)
Full text linkThe research is The Hemostatic Effect of Sisik Naga Leaves (Drymoglossum Piloselloides Presl.) Metanol Extract of Rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) has been done. This reseach’s purposes to determine the hemostatic effect, optimum dose and optimum measured time of Sisik Naga Leaves extract with bleeding time as its parameter used tail bleeding. Dose of Sisik Naga extract are 12.5 mg/kgBW, 25 mg/kgBW, and 50 mg/kgBW and NaCMC has been used as negative control, they were given twice a day in one day treatment. Tail bleeding by cutting the rat’s tail has been done on 12th, 24th, and 36th hour after the treatment. The result data was analyzed with two way Analysis of Varian (Anava) and followed BNJD test. The test results showed that bleeding time of negative control NaCMC is 143.15 seconds and bleeding time of Sisik Naga leaves extract with dose 12.5 mg/kgBW on 12th hours 82.62 second, 24th hours 60.27 second, 36th hours 76.36 second, dose 25 mg/kgBW on 12th hours 65.76 second, 24th hours 39.33 second, 36th hours 90.02 second, and dose 50 mg/kgBW on 12th hours 53.97 second, 24th hours 23.82 second, 36th hours 72.85. The best dose which optimum effect of hemostatic is 50 mg/kgBW with measured time on 24 hours after orally extract
Formulasi Nanopartikel Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana (Aubl) Merr) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Kitosan-Tripolifosfat (TPP)
Full text linkBawang dayak (Eleutherine americana (Aubl) Merr.) ethanol extract had been known to have excellent antioxidant activity that has the potential to be developed into a nanoparticle delivery systems. This study aims to determine the effect of varying concentrations of chitosan - tripolyphosphate (TPP) to the physical characteristics of nanoparticles. Bawang dayak extract formulated in the form of nanoparticles with an ionic gelation method and and using polymers chitosan - tripolyphospate varying concentration as 0.5% : 0.5% (F1), 0.75% : 0.5% (F2), and 1% : 0.5% (F3). The measured parameters were determinating particle size and polydispersity index using particle size analyzer, observation of particle morph using scanning electron microscopy, measurement of entrapment efficiency and dissolution in vitro. The result showed that the average size of nanoparticle F1, F2, and F3 respectively is 256.30 nm, 376 nm and 419.18 nm with entrapment efficiency respectively is 69.54% (F1), 77.51% (F2) and 79.79% (F3) with a relatively homogenous size distribution and entrapment efficiencies respectively is 69.54%, 77.51% and 79.79%. Observation of morphology of the nanoparticles shows the particle shape is almost sphere (spherical) with a rough surface. The profile of drug release from the nanoparticles F1, F2, and F3 in 8 hours respectively is 71.19% (F1), 74.97% (F2) and 80.55% (F3). Based on this study, it was concluded that the etanol extract of bawang dayak can be formulated into nanoparticles with different physical characteristics based on the ratio of polymer chitosan and tripolyphosphate used