Journal of Tropical Pharmacy and Chemistry
Not a member yet
317 research outputs found
Sort by
Formulation Of Antioksidan Sheet Mask Preparation From A Combination Of Red Dragon Fruit Peel (Celenicereus monacanthus (Lem.) D.R. Hunt) And Kepok Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca Var. Balbisiana) Ethanolic Extracts
Full text linkThe main problem of facial skin is premature aging triggered by free radicals. Antioxidants play an essential role in counteracting these radicals. Red dragon fruit peel (Celenicereus monacanthus (Lem.) D.R. Hunt) and kepok banana peel (Musa paradisiaca Var. Balbisiana) are natural sources rich in flavonoids with antioxidant potential. This study aimed to evaluate the physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of sheet mask formulations combining both extracts. The research was experimental, using the maceration method with 96% ethanol. The concentrated extracts were formulated into sheet masks at concentrations of (10:5)%, (15:5)%, and (20:5)%. Evaluation included organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, viscosity, irritation, and moisture tests using a skin analyzer. Antioxidant activity was determined using the DPPH method. Results showed that all formulations exhibited stable physical characteristics. The IC₅₀ values were 42.59 ppm (FI), 33.74 ppm (FII), and 27.89 ppm (FIII), indicating very strong antioxidant activity. No irritation reactions such as redness, itching, or swelling were observed. Moisture increased up to 60% by the fourth week. In conclusion, the combination of red dragon fruit peel and kepok banana peel extracts is effective as a natural antioxidant ingredient for sheet masks, though further pharmacological and safety studies are recommended
Synthesis and Characterization of Glucopyranosyloxyphenylacetamide: ADMET and PASS Evaluation as a Prodrug Analog
No full textThis study investigates the manufacturing of glycoside-based derivatives of drugs, and their applications to produce injectable medications for colds and flu that alleviate problems with low solubility in water. Regarding these perspectives, this research was designed to prepare 4-o-β-D-glucopyranosyloxyphenylacetamide (7) through multistep synthesis, which was characterized through FT-IR spectra, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and melting point analysis, comparing it with the reported compound (8). ADMET and PASS of the synthesized compound were performed to assess the compounds\u27 pharmacokinetics, toxicological profiles, and biological activities, i.e., low carcinogenicity, AOT category III, and antiviral potentiality etc
Proximate and Iron (Fe) Analysis of Moringa Leaf Simplicia (Moringa oleifera Lam.) under Different Drying Temperatures
No full textMoringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a plant rich in nutrients, including protein, iron, and vitamin C. Moringa leaves have a higher iron content than other plants and a vitamin C content that can increase iron absorption in the body. The drying temperature of herbal medicine can affect the levels of certain substances or compounds contained therein. This study aims to determine the results of proximate analysis and iron content in moringa leaf simplisia based on variations in drying temperature using the ICP-MS method, namely at temperatures of 45oC, 50oC, and 55oC. The objects of this study are the drying shrinkage, total ash content, and iron content of moringa leaf simplisia with variations in drying temperature. The research stages included plant identification, simplisia preparation, determination of drying shrinkage, total ash content test, qualitative Fe analysis, and iron content analysis.. The results showed that the drying shrinkage test of moringa leaf simplisia at all temperatures met the requirement of <10%. The highest total ash content was found at 50°C at 11.91%, and the highest Fe content was obtained at 55°C at 2.0226 mg/L. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in drying shrinkage at a significance level of 0.05, total ash content at 0.046, and iron content at 0.027
Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Extracts and Fractions of Bay Leaves (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.) Using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Method
No full textFree radicals contribute to oxidative stress and chronic diseases, driving interest in natural antioxidants. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) ethanol extract and its dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions. Extraction used 70% ethanol maceration, followed by liquid-liquid fractionation. Antioxidant capacity was assessed via the DPPH radical scavenging assay at various concentrations (50–200 ppm), with results expressed as half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values. Phytochemical screening was also performed. The ethanol extract exhibited the strongest activity (IC₅₀ = 47.89 ppm, classified as very strong), followed by the dichloromethane fraction (IC₅₀ = 73.88 ppm, strong), while the ethyl acetate fraction showed weak activity (IC₅₀ = 326.60 ppm). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and steroids, with distribution varying across fractions. Statistical analysis of inhibition percentages showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), likely due to limited replicates, but the IC₅₀ trend clearly indicates superior radical scavenging by the polar constituents of the crude ethanol extrac
Lifestyle Interventions for Blood Pressure Control: A Narrative Review of Global Evidence and Indonesian Perspectives
No full textHypertension remains a major global public health concern with a steadily rising prevalence, including in Indonesia. Global estimates indicate that over 30% of the adult population is affected, while in Indonesia the prevalence ranges between 34–36%. This narrative review synthesizes findings from 35 scientific articles published within the last decade, examining the relationship between lifestyle factors and blood pressure control. Literature searches were conducted through PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SpringerLink, and Garuda databases. The results demonstrate that high sodium intake, physical inactivity, obesity, psychosocial stress, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption are major determinants of elevated blood pressure. Lifestyle modifications encompassing the DASH dietary pattern, sodium restriction, regular physical activity, weight management, and stress reduction have been shown to significantly lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Comprehensive strategies integrating lifestyle modification, healthcare optimization, and sustained patient education are essential for effective hypertension control
Centella asiatica in Stress-Induced Depression: Multitarget Modulation of Neuroendocrine, Inflammatory, Redox, and Neuroplastic Pathways
No full textChronic stress is a major etiological factor in depression and is characterized by dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, neuroinflammation, oxidative imbalance, and impaired neuroplasticity. Centella asiatica has gained attention as a potential natural neuromodulator; however, its mechanistic role in stress induced depression has not been comprehensively synthesized. This narrative review integrates preclinical and selected clinical evidence published between 2016 and 2026 to evaluate the antidepressant related mechanisms of Centella asiatica and its principal triterpenoids. Across validated stress models, administration of Centella asiatica consistently attenuated HPA axis hyperactivity, restored hippocampal brain derived neurotrophic factor signaling, suppressed NF kappa B mediated neuroinflammation, enhanced endogenous antioxidant defenses, and reduced ferroptosis associated neuronal injury. These molecular and cellular adaptations were accompanied by reproducible improvements in depressive like behaviors and preservation of hippocampal structural integrity. Emerging evidence also suggests involvement of the microbiota gut brain axis. Overall, the findings support a multitarget neuromodulatory profile consistent with contemporary multifactorial models of depression. Well designed biomarker driven clinical trials are warranted to confirm translational relevance and therapeutic potential in human populations
Ulquts Al Hindi (Sasereus sp) has Candidate Covid-19 drug Through Regulation of Cytokines Produced by the Innate Immune System
No full textSARS-COV-2 virus is a new coronavirus variant that causes the severe acute respiratory syndrome. COVID-19 can cause abnormalities in various organs. It is due to increased levels of cytokines causing a cytokine storm. Cytokine storms occur due to an increase in the innate immune system to eliminate infectious agents. Activation of the production of inflammatory mediators causes pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial fluid infiltration, and impermeability in blood vessels. Qutshul al Hindi, or in Latin called Sausurea sp contains anti-inflammatory activity. However, the study about the definite benefit of bioactive in this plant against COVID-19 and their mechanism, especially to the immune system, needs more explanation. Therefore, this review discusses their mechanism against COVID-19 by activating immune cells. In the literature research, we approach the studies that examine the secondary metabolite of Qutshul al Hindi that is effective in activating and enhancing the immune response against covid 19. Our literature review shows that qutshul al Hindi (Sausurea sp) has anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting expression and activity of cytokine proinflammation induced by the innate immune system. So that this plant is a promising herb as a therapeutic candidate for covid-19 by regulating the immune system to produce and activate cytokine pro-inflammatory
Test Of Anti-Acne Activity In Gel Peel Off Mask Preparation Of Papaya Leaf (Carica Papaya L.) Extract On Rabbit Backs Induced With Propionibacterium Acnes Bacteria
No full textAcne involves inflammation and Propionibacterium acnes infection. Papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaves, containing antibacterial karpain alkaloids and anti-inflammatory flavonoids, offer potential treatment. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate papaya leaf extract peel-off gel masks for anti-acne efficacy on P. acnes-induced rabbits. Extracts were obtained via maceration using 96% ethanol. Formulations containing 5%, 10%, and 15% extract were compared against clindamycin (positive control) and a negative control. Evaluations included physical quality (organoleptic, pH, viscosity, drying time, spreadability, adhesion), irritation, and antibacterial efficacy tests. Results indicated the 15% formulation was optimal, demonstrating homogeneity, pH 5-6, spreadability of 5 cm, drying time of 17 minutes, viscosity of 3167 cps, and adhesion of 6.22 seconds, without causing irritation. In vivo observations confirmed that the 15% concentration effectively accelerated acne healing and dried pus. Thus, papaya leaf extract peel-off masks exhibit significant anti-acne activity
Antioxidant Activity Test of Pine Leaf Herbal Tea (Pinus merkusii) with Addition of Stevia Leaves (Stevia rebaudiana) as a Natural Sweetener Using DPPH Method
No full textFree radicals contribute significantly to the development of various diseases, making antioxidant intake essential for maintaining health. Plants such as pine needles and stevia leaves are known to be rich sources of natural antioxidants. This study aimed to develop a combined herbal tea from pine and stevia leaves at three formulation ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) and to evaluate its antioxidant activity using the DPPH radical scavenging method, with quercetin as a reference compound. The research involved simplicia preparation and characterization, herbal tea formulation, quality evaluation, and antioxidant activity assessment. Pine and stevia leaf simplicia met quality requirements, with acceptable moisture content, extractive values, and ash parameters. The formulated herbal tea also complied with quality standards. Antioxidant testing showed IC₅₀ values of 50.51 ppm for pine leaf tea and 61.60 ppm for stevia leaf tea. In contrast, the combined formulations exhibited significantly lower IC₅₀ values of 30.57 ppm (1:1), 39.18 ppm (1:2), and 25.13 ppm (2:1), indicating enhanced antioxidant activity. All combined formulations were classified as having very strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ < 50 ppm), demonstrating that pine–stevia herbal tea has strong free-radical scavenging capacity and promising potential as a functional herbal product
Evaluation of Nutrition and In Vitro Digestibility of Leersia hexandra Swartz as a Feed Source for Beef Cattle in the Cattle Corporation Village
No full textThis study aimed to assess the nutritional quality and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber in Leersia hexandra as a feed option for beef cattle in the Cattle Corporation Village, located in the Babulu Subdistrict, Penajam Paser Utara Regency. Conducted from November 2024 to April 2025, the research employed a survey method with direct observation to evaluate natural grazing pasture conditions. The research locations were selected through purposive sampling, involving five farmer groups that represent the grazing ecosystem characteristics in the area. The study analyzed parameters such as forage nutrient content, biomass productivity, land carrying capacity, and in vitro digestibility to gauge the feed utilization efficiency. The findings revealed that Leersia hexandra Swartz comprised 86.532% dry matter, 13.468% moisture, 10.296% ash, 3.702% crude fat, 28.962% crude fiber, and 7.330% crude protein. The average digestibility rates were 48.834% for dry matter, 50.400% for organic matter, 77.040% for crude fiber, and 84.664% for crude protein. The substantial chemical composition and digestibility indicate that Leersia hexandra Swartz (kolomento) can sufficiently supply energy and protein to fulfill the nutritional requirements of beef cattle. These results highlight the potential of Leersia hexandra Swartz as an excellent local forage, well-suited to humid tropical climates and ideal for sustainable feed systems in the Cattle Corporation Village