Revistas Universidad del Bío-Bío
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Fenômenos do efémico. Outras Arquiteturas Eficazes na Colômbia
Get PDFEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la arquitectura efímera en Colombia, desde un ángulo donde lo efímero se deriva de las condiciones de durabilidad de las obras como resultado de factores de calidad y/o del abandono de estas arquitecturas. Por lo tanto, la investigación tuvo como punto de partida metodológico una revisión historiográfica contrastada, que incluyó visitas a arquitecturas en las que se ha visto comprometida su estabilidad y por ende su durabilidad, como factor que ha determinado su condición efímera, toda vez que se trata de arquitecturas que han desaparecido de manera súbita, o que una vez abandonadas, se encuentran en un lento proceso de desaparición. El análisis de estas arquitecturas permitió detectar dos fenómenos principales de lo efímero en Colombia, tomando como punto de partida la velocidad y la intencionalidad en la desaparición de estas arquitecturas, (Utopías efímeras: lugares ideales para el hábitat, involuntariamente efímeros) y (Distopías efímeras: lugares imposibles para el hábitat, deliberadamente efímeros) Estas dos categorías de aproximación delimitan un panorama alternativo de la arquitectura efímera en Colombia, que redimensiona y amplía la visión tradicional de este tipo de arquitectura.Este artigo tem como objetivo principal, analisar o fenômeno da arquitetura efêmera na Colômbia a partir De um ângulo onde o efêmero deriva das condições de durabilidade das obras como resultado de fatores de qualidade e/ou do abandono destas arquiteturas. Por conseguinte, a pesquisa teve como ponto de partida metodológico uma revisão historiográfica comprovada, que incluiu visitas a arquiteturas em que a sua estabilidade e, portanto, a sua durabilidade foram comprometidas como factor que determinou a sua condição efémera, já que são arquiteturas que desapareceram de repente, ou uma vez abandonadas, estão num lento processo de desaparecimento. A análise destas arquiteturas nos permitiu detectar dois fenômenos principais do efêmero na Colômbia, tomando como ponto de partida a velocidade e intencionalidade no desaparecimento destas arquiteturas, (Utopias efémeras: lugares ideais para o habitat, não intencionalmente efémeras) y (Distopias efémeras: lugares impossíveis para o habitat, deliberadamente efémeras). Estas duas categorias de abordagem delimitam um panorama alternativo de arquitectura efémera na Colômbia, que redimensiona e expande a visão tradicional deste tipo de arquitectura.The main purpose of this paper is analyzing the phenomenon of ephemeral architecture in Colombia from an angle where the ephemeral is derived from the durability of the works, as a result of quality factors and/or the abandonment of these architectures. Therefore, the methodological starting point of the research was a contrasted historiographic review, including visits to architectures whose stability and, hence, durability, have been questioned as a factor that has determined their ephemeral condition, since these architectures have disappeared suddenly or, once abandoned, are in slowly disappearing. The analysis of these architectures allowed detecting two main ephemeral phenomena in Colombia, taking as a starting point the speed and the intentionality in the disappearance of these architectures, (Ephemeral utopias: ideal places for habitat, unintentionally ephemeral) and (Ephemeral dystopias: impossible places for habitat, deliberately ephemeral). These two categories of approximation define an alternative panorama of ephemeral architecture in Colombia, which resizes and expands the traditional view of this type of architecture
Instalações artísticas e a construção de espaços de aprendizagem. Análises de projetos efêmeros na Escola de Arquitetura da Universidad de Talca.
Get PDFEste artigo investiga os processos e métodos da arte instalada como uma proposta artística que explora espacialidade, participação, natureza intermediária e é definida como efêmera. Todas as características anteriores o conectam como um espaço de construção de conhecimento e, a partir daí, como uma contribuição para a criação de espaços de aprendizado ativos. Existe nessa prática, a partir de seus processos e desenvolvimentos estruturais, uma contribuição ao ensino, como seu caráter processual, transformador e criativo. Assim, para empreender metodologicamente essa discussão, serão relacionados os conceitos e práticas que se relacionam as artes e suas formas de produção de conhecimento; as implicações acadêmicas e sociais que eles podem contribuir e a prática de alguns trabalhos efêmeros desenvolvidos na Universidade de Talca, onde, juntos, propõe-se que esses processos pareçam favorecer a aquisição de habilidades fundamentais como reflexão, ação crítica, participação, Cooperação e sensibilidade.El presente escrito indaga sobre los procesos y métodos del arte instalado como una propuesta artística que explora la espacialidad, la participación, un carácter intermedial y se define como efímero. Todas las características anteriores lo connotan como un espacio constructor de conocimiento y desde allí como aporte a la creación de espacios de aprendizaje activos. Hay en esta práctica, desde sus procesos y desarrollos estructurales, un aporte a la enseñanza, en tanto su carácter procesual, transformador y creativo. De tal forma, para acometer metodológicamente esta discusión, se pondrán en relación los conceptos y prácticas que aborda el arte instalado y sus formas de producción de conocimiento; las implicancias académicas y sociales que puedan aportar y la práctica de algunas obras efímeras desarrolladas en la Universidad de Talca, donde, en conjunto, se propone que dichos procesos parecen favorecer la adquisición de habilidades fundamentales como la reflexión, el accionar crítico, la participación, la cooperación y la sensibilidad.
This paper, looks into the processes and methods of installed art as an artistic proposal that explores its spatiality, participation, an inter-medial nature and which is defined as ephemeral. All these aforementioned characteristics connote it is a space for building knowledge and, from there, a contribution towards the creation of active spaces for learning. There is, in this practice, from its structural processes and developments, a contribution to education, in terms of its procedural, transforming and creative nature. In this way, to undertake this discussion methodologically, the concepts and practices that address installed art and its forms of knowledge production; the academic and social implications that these can contribute and the practice of some ephemeral works carried out at the University of Talca will be connected, where together, it is suggested that these processes seem to favor the acquisition of fundamental aptitudes like: reflection, critical action, participation, cooperation and sensitivity
Estimation of moisture in wood chips by near infrared spectroscopy
Get PDFIn order to assess the moisture content of wood chips on an industrial scale, readily applicable techniques are required. Thus, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used to estimate moisture in wood chips by means of partial least squares regressions. NIR spectra were obtained in spectrometer with an integrating sphere and optical fiber probe, on the longitudinal and transverse surface of Eucalyptus wood chips. The specimens had their masses and NIR spectra measured in 10 steps during drying from saturated to anhydrous condition. Principal Component Analysis was performed to explore the effect of moisture of wood chip on NIR signatures. The values of moisture content of chips were associated with the respective NIR spectra by Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) to estimate the moisture content of wood chips and its moisture classes, respectively. Model developed from spectra recorded on the longitudinal face by the integrating sphere method presented statistics slightly better (R²cv = 0,96; RMSEcv = 7,15 %) than model based on optical fiber probe (R²cv = 0,90; RMSEcv = 11,86 %). This study suggests that for calibration of robust predictive model for estimating moisture content in chips the spectra should be recorded on the longitudinal surface of wood using the integrating sphere acquisition method
Influence of nano wollastonite on physical, mechanical and morphological properties of gypsum composites manufactured from bagasse
Get PDFWe investigated the effect of adding nano-wollastonite on the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of gypsum Composites. The ratio percentage of bagasse mixing as lignocellulosic material with gypsum at three levels (85:15; 75:25; 65:35) and nano-wollastonite at three levels of 0 %, 5 % and 10 %. Specimens were prepared according to the ISO 11925 specifications for the fire resistance (weight loss) properties and according to the DIN EN 634-1: 1195-04 specifications for the mechanical and physical properties. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were also used to study the properties of composite morphology and distribution of samples. The results showed that by increasing the amount of nano wollastonite, physical and mechanical properties improved. The MOR, MOE and IB of boards decreased with increased bagasse usage amount, and its maximum value was obtained in using 15 % bagasse. The results also showed that increasing the amount of bagasse in boards caused a significant increase in the TS of the boards. The results from microscopic images showed that the optimal level of nano-wollastonite can fill the empty holes and create a uniform structure, thereby improving the properties of the boards
Effect of expanded polystyrene content and press temperature on the properties of low-density wood particleboard
Get PDFIn this study, three-layer low-density (about 400 kg/m3) particleboards consisting of a mixture of wood particles and expanded polystyrene (EPS) were manufactured. EPS bead was incorporated in the core layer as a light filler. The influence of EPS content (0 %, 2,5 %, 5 %, 7,5 %, 10 % and 12,5 %) and press temperature (110 °C and 140 °C) on the microstructure, density profile, bending properties, internal bond and thickness swelling of the panels was investigated. Results showed that incorporation of EPS beads filled in the voids between wood particles, improved the core layer integrity, and generated a more pronounced density profile. Consequently, the bending properties and internal bond of panels adding EPS were remarkably improved, and the thickness swelling was decreased. However, the variation of the amount of EPS from 2,5 % to 12,5 % had no significant effect on the bending properties and thickness swelling. Comparing the two press temperatures, although higher temperature (140 °C) was more favourable in control panels without EPS as filler, it had a negative effect on the properties of panels with addition of EPS filler, especially for high EPS contents (10 % and 12,5 %), attributing to the shrinkage of EPS bead under press temperature that is much higher than its glass transition temperature (104 °C)
Career Guidance. Link between Key Competencies and Job Competencies
Get PDFThe functionality of the professional guidance needs to link key or life competencies which provide the person with a certain academic level, and labor competencies demanded by the labor market. In this way, guidance is assumed, at the political level first and then at the educational one, as an instrument of constant adjustment between personal, academic and contextual factors of people throughout their lives. The present descriptive study shows the results on willingness to employment (attitudinal variable) according to the gender, age and academic level of a sample of unemployed people. It also seeks to highlight the importance that vocational guidance (as an active employment policy) has not only as a source of information and advice, but also as a tool to modify attitudes acquired in people such as the attitude towards employment and specifically, willingness.La funcionalidad de la Orientación Profesional necesita enlazar Competencias Clave o para la vida, que aportan a la persona, un nivel académico determinado, así como Competencias Laborales demandadas por el mercado de trabajo. Se asume así, la Orientación, a nivel político primero y educativo después, como instrumento de ajuste constante entre factores personales, académicos y contextuales de las personas a lo largo de sus vidas. El presente estudio descriptivo, muestra los resultados sobre disposición para el empleo (variable actitudinal) en función del género, edad y nivel académico de una muestra de personas desempleadas. Trata además de poner de relieve la importancia que la Orientación Profesional (como política activa de empleo) tiene no sólo como fuente de información y asesoramiento, sino también como herramienta para modificar actitudes adquiridas en las personas como es el caso de la actitud ante el empleo y en concreto, la disponibilidad (disposición)
Sustainable environmental education as a bridge of change for the modern school
Get PDFBased on the premise that the modern school has lost its role of educating citizens committed to the problems experienced by the current society, a sustainable approach within formal education is proposed, as the ideal way that could provide the modern school, the transition to the postmodern era and, therefore, the recovery of its role as educational trainer of political subjects with critical thinking. Through a documentary analysis, a theoretical distinction regarding pedagogical approaches to address environmental problems was made, in order to highlight the differences present in educational discourse, proposing ways to make educational innovations.A partir de la premisa que la escuela moderna ha perdido el sentido en su tarea de formar ciudadanas y ciudadanos comprometidos con las problemáticas que vivencia la sociedad actual, se propone al enfoque sustentable dentro de la educación formal, como la vía idónea que pudiese brindarle a la escuela moderna el tránsito hacia la era postmoderna, y, por ende, la recuperación de su sentido como formadora de sujetos políticos con pensamiento crítico. A través de un análisis documental, se realizó una distinción teórica en cuanto a los enfoques pedagógicos para abordar los problemas medioambientales, con el fin de evidenciar las diferencias presentes en el discurso educativo, proponiendo caminos para poder realizar innovaciones educativas
Implementation of the AES strategy in a Regional University: the experience of the PACE Program of La Serena University
Get PDFAvanzar hacia la equidad en el ingreso a la Educación Superior supone un desafío para avanzar en justicia social. En consecuencia, los programas de acompañamiento juegan un rol fundamental para el desarrollo cognitivo, actitudinal – valórico y procedimental, que permiten la inserción efectiva, a fin de lograr las competencias de egreso propuestas en una carrera de pre-grado. Este trabajo pretende presentar el flujo de trabajo utilizado en el Programa de Acompañamiento para la Educación Superior (AES) en el Programa PACE de la Universidad de La Serena, de manera que pueda contribuir a fortalecer la implementación de programas de acompañamiento similar, en alguna (s) de la (s) 31 Instituciones de Educación Superior que ejecutan este Programa en nuestro país, o en su defecto, que estén iniciando un proceso de acompañamiento en alguna Institución de Educación Superior. Una reflexión relevante, es que los programas enfocados en establecer mecanismos de apoyo oportuno a estudiantes que provienen de contextos vulnerables, suponen la entrega de herramientas que promueven la justicia y su propia movilidad social, lo que aumenta las posibilidades de lograr una mejor calidad de vida.Advancing towards equity in the admission to higher education, underlies a challenge to move forward to social justice. As a consequence, transition support programs play a significant role for cognitive, attitudinal, know-how and values development, which allows the effective insertion with the purpose of achieving the graduating competences proposed in an undergraduate degree. This paper, intends to present the work system used in the Accompaniment Program for Higher Education (AHE) within the PACE Program of La Serena University, in a way that may contribute to strengthen the implementation of similar transition support programs, in any of the 31 Institutions of higher education that have implemented this program in Chile, or in any institution which is starting a transition support process. A significant reflection is that programs focused on setting timely supporting mechanisms for students coming from vulnerable contexts involve the delivery of tools that promote justice and their own social mobility, which enhances the possibilities of achieving a better quality of life
Posthumous tribute to academic, professor, friend, Dr. Marta Beatriz Henríquez Fernández (R.I.P.)
Get PDFJavier Medina Vásquez, Steven Becerra y Paola Castaño, Prospectiva y política pública para el cambio estructural en América Latina y el Caribe, Libros de la CEPAL, N° 129 (LC/G.2622-P), Santiago de Chile, Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe
Get PDFEn el marco general de la Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL – Naciones Unidas), el libro N° 129 fue elaborado en el año 2014 por Javier Medina, Steven Becerra y Paola Castaño, investigadores de la Universidad del Valle (Colombia). El texto reseñado se organiza en ocho capítulos y debate sobre la importancia de la prospectiva y su complementariedad con las políticas públicas, las contribuciones académicas y competencias de los Estados en el tema. Con la investigación los autores también aportan al conocimiento sobre el desarrollo de la planificación y prospectiva - desde la década de los años sesenta hasta la primera década del Siglo XXI- en países europeos y latinoamericanos