Revistas Universidad del Bío-Bío
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Experimental and numerical study on mounting force and withdrawal strength of self-threaded dowels in particleboard
Full text linkTraditional and alternative joining techniques have been used for many years at the connection points of structural bearing systems. Especially, glued doweled and screwed type mechanical connections are widely used in wooden structures and furniture constructions. Although there are many studies related to the strength of dowel and screw joints, limited papers describe the practical use of self-threaded dowels (STDs) in the joints. In this study, thread geometry effect of the STDs in particleboard (PB) was investigated by determining the mounting force and withdrawal strength values. For this purpose, STDs including three different thread width (0,2 - 0,3 - 0,4 mm) and two different thread length (1 - 2 mm) were designed, produced and tested under static compressive and tensile forces. All STDs were produced with polylactic acid (PLA) by using Layer Plastic Deposition (LPD) method in 3D printing technology. Uniaxial compression tests were performed in order to determine the minimum mounting force while the tension tests were performed for determining the maximum withdrawal force required to put the STDs into the hole and pull out them, respectively. Numerical analysis (FEM) were used to analyze the contact pressures and stresses of the STD joints. Abaqus v6.13-1 software was utilized for the numerical analyses. In addition, multiple regression analysis was carried out to predict the mounting force and withdrawal strength of the STDs. Results showed that the predictive expressions developed provided reasonable estimates for mounting force and withdrawal strength of STDs. According to the statistical analyses; thread width, thread length and their interaction have significantly affected both mounting force and withdrawal strength of STDs. At the end of the experimental and numerical tests, STDs with 0,2 mm width and 2 mm length threads gave the lowest mounting force values, stresses and contact forces. However, the highest withdrawal strength values were obtained from the STDs with 0,3 mm width and 1 mm length threads. According to the results of the study, the optimum STD was the one with 0,3 mm thread width and 2 mm thread length. In conclusion, the STDs can be utilized as an alternative fastener to the conventional glued dowel type joints in PB. However, corner joints constructed of different kinds of wood-based composites and connected with the STDs should be investigated in the future studies
Editorial
Full text linkMe complace introducir este número de la revista Hábitat Sustentable compartiendo la buena noticia del avance de la revista hasta el cuartil Q2 en el ranking Scimago, área de Arquitectura. De esta manera, la revista se posiciona en el número 64 dentro de 179 revistas del área, principalmente por el número de citas que recibe cada uno de sus artículos, entre otros criterios de cobertura e impacto. Si consideramos solo las revistas indexadas en Scopus de la región Latinoamericana, HS se posiciona en el segundo lugar, tanto en el área de Arquitectura como de Construcción. Este logro se debe al arduo trabajo que realiza el equipo de gestión editorial encabezado por Jocelyn Vidal, así como a los investigadores e investigadoras que componen el comité editorial y el grupo de pares revisores.É com grande satisfação que apresento este número da revista Habitat Sustentável, compartilhando a boa notícia do avanço da revista para o quartil Q2 no ranking Scimago, área de Arquitetura. Com isso, a revista passa a ocupar a posição de número 64 entre 179 periódicos da área, principalmente em função do número de citações recebidas por cada um de seus artigos, entre outros critérios de abrangência e impacto. Se considerarmos apenas as revistas indexadas na Scopus na América Latina, a HS está em segundo lugar, tanto na área de Arquitetura quanto na de Construção. Essa conquista se deve ao trabalho árduo da equipe de gestão editorial liderada por Jocelyn Vidal, bem como dos pesquisadores que compõem o comitê editorial e o grupo de revisores.I am pleased to introduce this issue of Hábitat Sustentable by sharing the great news of the journal's progress to the Q2 quartile in the Scimago Ranking in the Architecture area. The journal is now ranked 64th among 179 journals in the area, mainly because of the number of citations each article receives, among other criteria based on coverage and impact. Considering just the journals indexed in Scopus for Latin America, HS is second in Architecture and Construction. This achievement is thanks to the hard work of the editorial management team, headed by Jocelyn Vidal, as well as the researchers in the editorial committee and peer review group
Articulación de procesos de diseño, computación, Cibernética y BIM: Una retrospectiva
Full text linkO artigo explora o desenvolvimento histórico e teórico do Building Information Modelling (BIM) e dos processos de projeto envolvidos. O estudo deriva de uma pesquisa de doutorado e tem como objetivo construir uma compreensão ampliada do processo de informatização do pensamento arquitetônico que levou ao BIM, considerando as contribuições do campo da cibernética e da ciência da computação. Ele se aprofunda no contexto histórico do século XX e destaca os desenvolvimentos paralelos e interdependentes da arquitetura, da cibernética e da ciência da computação. Com base em uma revisão da literatura, análise retrospectiva e teórica, o artigo enfatiza as contribuições de trabalhos que sistematizaram os processos de projeto e introduziram abordagens metodológicas sistêmicas que valorizam a declaração e a estruturação das informações de projeto e que também contribuíram para a incorporação da computação nos processos de projeto e seu desenvolvimento. O texto apresenta as contribuições das instituições de pesquisa do Reino Unido e dos EUA para o desenvolvimento de fundamentos computacionais para a arquitetura, enfatizando que a diversidade geográfica dos avanços no campo vai além desses dois eixos. Esses softwares, influenciados por teorias cibernéticas, concentraram-se na criação de modelos e sistemas para a descrição de informações, sendo cruciais para o avanço do BIM. Por fim, aponta-se a importância de traduzir o pensamento arquitetônico em informações estruturadas a serem processadas por bases computacionais, inclusive as baseadas em BIM. Conclui-se reforçando que, embora o BIM e os atuais processos de projeto baseados em computador tenham origem em um amplo contexto histórico e geopolítico do século XX, envolvendo pesquisas teóricas, militares e profissionais, seu desenvolvimento foi orientado para auxiliar a produção de modelos arquitetônicos norte-atlânticos.This article explores the historical and theoretical developments of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the associated design processes. The study stems from ongoing doctoral research and aims to build an expanded understanding of the informatization process of architectural thought that led to BIM, considering contributions from the Cybernetics and Computing fields. The paper looks into the historical context of the 20th century and highlights the parallel and interdependent developments in Architecture, Cybernetics, and Computer Science. Based on a bibliographic review, retrospective, and theoretical analysis, this article emphasizes the contributions of works that systematized design processes and introduced systemic methodological approaches. Those works acknowledge the value of declaration and structuring of design information and contribute to incorporating computing into design processes and their development. The work presents the contributions of research institutions from the United Kingdom and the United States in developing computer programs for architecture, emphasizing that the geographical diversity of advancements in the field goes beyond these two lines. These computer programs were influenced by cybernetic theories, which were crucial for BIM development, and were created to produce models and systems to describe information. Finally, the importance of translating architectural thought into structured data that might be processable through computer programs, including BIM software, is highlighted, concluding that although BIM and developments of the current digital design processes followed the goal of assisting the production of North Atlantic architectural models, they originated from a broad and diverse historical and geopolitical context of the 20th century, involving theoretical, military, and professional research.El artículo explora el desarrollo histórico y teórico del Building Information Modeling (BIM) y de los procesos de diseño que este conlleva. El estudio deriva de una investigación de doctorado y tiene como objetivo construir una comprensión ampliada del proceso de informatización del pensamiento arquitectónico que condujo al BIM, considerando aportes del campo de la Cibernética y de las Ciencias de la Computación. Se profundiza en el contexto histórico del siglo XX y se destacan los avances paralelos e interdependientes en la Arquitectura, la Cibernética y la Computación. Basado en una revisión bibliográfica, análisis retrospectivo y teórico, el artículo hace hincapié en las contribuciones de trabajos que sistematizaron procesos de diseño e introdujeron abordajes metodológicos sistémicos que valoran la declaración y estructuración de las informaciones de diseño y que también contribuyeron tanto para la incorporación de la computación en los procesos de diseño, como para su desarrollo. El texto presenta las contribuciones de instituciones de investigación del Reino Unido y Estados Unidos en el desarrollo de bases computacionales para la arquitectura, recalcando que la diversidad geográfica de los avances en el campo va más allá de estos dos ejes. Tales programas computacionales, influenciados por las teorías cibernéticas, se centraron en crear modelos y sistemas para la descripción de la información, siendo cruciales para el avance del BIM. Por fin, se señala la importancia de la traducción del pensamiento arquitectónico en información estructurada para ser procesado por bases computacionales, incluyendo aquellas de base BIM. Se concluye reforzando que, aunque el BIM y los actuales procesos de diseño informatizados provengan de un amplio contexto histórico y geopolítico del siglo XX, involucrando investigaciones teóricas, militares y profesionales, su desarrollo fue guiado para asistir la producción de modelos de arquitectura norte-atlánticos
INFLUENCIA DE LAS COMPETENCIAS SOCIOEMOCIONALES, EN EL DESARROLLO DE LA FORMACIÓN POR COMPETENCIAS EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Full text linkLa influencia de las competencias socioemocionales, en el desarrollo de la formación por competencias en estudiantes de educación superior, resulta relevante, debido a que con ello se pueden crear estrategias de enseñanza que favorezcan y aumenten el rendimiento académico. Es por este motivo que el objetivo de este trabajo es fomentar la reflexión respecto al desarrollo de las competencias socioemocionales de los docentes y su incidencia en la formación por competencias en estudiantes de educación superior. La razón fundamental para continuar la investigación sobre este tema, radica en la importancia de proporcionar una educación de calidad, basada en la formación por competencias, y cómo esto influye en el desarrollo de la formación por competencias en estudiantes de educación superior, se analiza desde el modelo Pentagonal de Competencias Emocionales de Rafael Bisquerra, quien plantea que la educación emocional es un constructo que abarca la formación integral de la persona. Por tanto, debe ser un complemento que responda y atienda las necesidades no sólo intelectuales, sino también sociales que a menudo quedan relegadas a un segundo plano en el ámbito académico.The influence of socioemotional competencies in the development of competency-based training in higher education students is relevant, since it is possible to create teaching strategies that favor and increase academic performance. It is for this reason that the objective of this work is to encourage reflection on the development of socioemotional competencies of teachers and their impact on competency-based education in higher education students. The fundamental reason for continuing research on this topic lies in the importance of providing quality education, based on competency-based training, and how this influences the development of competency-based training in higher education students, is analyzed from the Pentagonal Model of Emotional Competencies of Rafael Bisquerra, who states that emotional education is a construct that encompasses the integral formation of the person. Therefore, it should be a complement that responds to and addresses not only intellectual needs, but also social needs that are often relegated to the background in the academic environment
INNOVACIÓN EDUCATIVA EN PRUEBAS DIGITALES: PERCEPCIONES EN EL CONTEXTO GUATEMALTECO
Full text linkPROBLEMA: una de las innovaciones más significativas que ha experimentado la evaluación educativa es la transición de las pruebas en papel y lápiz a las pruebas en línea. Este cambio ha generado una serie de percepciones, desafíos y oportunidades que merecen una indagación profunda. OBJETIVO: proporcionar una visión integral de las percepciones de los observadores en relación con las pruebas en línea. MÉTODO: estudio de enfoque cualitativo y alcance descriptivo. Diseño de estudio de casos colectivo. El instrumento fue un cuestionario en línea, con una pregunta abierta al final, donde los acompañantes compartieron comentarios propios sobre el proceso de evaluación en línea. RESULTADOS: el estudio revela posturas muy concretas de los acompañantes del proceso de evaluación con respecto a la importancia de la tecnología educativa en la formación de los jóvenes guatemaltecos; valoran los esfuerzos y el acompañamiento brindado tanto por parte del Mineduc como por los responsables en cada centro educativo. Califican principalmente el proceso desarrollado como efectivo, exitoso y significativo para los estudiantes graduandos. Entre los aspectos a mejorar sobresale el apoyo al establecimiento de infraestructura tecnológica en los centros educativos del país. CONCLUSIÓN: la percepción de los acompañantes del proceso de evaluación Graduandos 2023 sobre las pruebas en línea es favorable, consideran a la tecnología un elemento central en la formación integral de los jóvenes graduandos. Sin embargo, reconocen áreas que requieren mejoras para garantizar un proceso de evaluación más equitativo y eficaz en Guatemala.PROBLEM: one of the most significant innovations that educational assessment has undergone is the transition from paper-and-pencil to online testing. This shift has generated a number of perceptions, challenges, and opportunities that merit in-depth inquiry. OBJECTIVE: to provide a comprehensive view of observers' perceptions of online testing. METHOD: qualitative in approach and descriptive in scope. Collective case study design. The instrument was an online questionnaire, with an open-ended question at the end, where chaperones shared comments of their own about the online assessment process. RESULTS: the study reveals very specific positions of the persons accompanying the evaluation process with respect to the importance of educational technology in the education of young Guatemalans; they value the efforts and support provided both by the Ministry of Education and by those responsible in each educational center. They mainly qualify the process developed as effective, successful and meaningful for the graduating students. Among the aspects to be improved, support for the establishment of technological infrastructure in the country's educational centers stands out. CONCLUSION: The perception of those accompanying the Graduandos 2023 evaluation process about the online tests is favorable; they consider technology a central element in the integral formation of young graduates. However, they recognize areas that require improvement to guarantee a more equitable and effective evaluation process in Guatemala
NUEVOS ESCENARIOS: PRÁCTICAS DE TEATRO Y EDUCACIÓN EN ESTABLECIMIENTOS EN LA REGIÓN DE ÑUBLE
Full text linkIn Chilean school contexts, the systematization of the link between Theater and Education has increased from 2010 onwards. Furthermore, since the approval of the study programs of electives for General Training and Differentiated Scientific Humanist Plan, in 3rd and 4th high school year, Theater major. Ñuble region (created in 2018), previously belonging to Biobío region, is in the process of structuring dimensions of this relation. This research looks for accounting of this nexus, based on the following questions: How many schools in Ñuble region apply theatrical methodologies for teaching-learning? And who person in charge applys these tools in the classroom? For this purpose, it applied a survey and interview to people who work as Theater teachers. Some results indicate that 77.5% of the educational establishments that provide theater training are municipal, while 20% are private subsidized and 2.5% are private paid. Of these, only 12.5% of the teachers who provide theater training have formal training, while 45% only have informal education (workshops, courses, lectures, etc.). Thus, the results of this research contribute to providing statistical and empirical evidence for greater integration of theater and its epistemology in Chilean schools.La sistematización del vínculo entre teatro y educación, en contextos escolares chilenos, se ha incrementado desde el 2010 en adelante. Más aún, a partir de la aprobación de los programas de estudios de electivos para Formación General y Plan Diferenciado Humanista Científico, en 3ro y 4to medio, mención Teatro. La región de Ñuble (creada en el 2018), antes perteneciente a la región de Biobío, está en proceso de estructurar dimensiones de esta relación. La presente investigación busca dar cuenta del nexo entre teatro y educación, a partir de las siguientes preguntas ¿Cuántos establecimientos educacionales de la región de Ñuble aplican metodologías teatrales para la enseñanza-aprendizaje? Y ¿quiénes son los/as encargados/as de aplicar estas herramientas en el aula? Para ello se aplicó una encuesta y entrevista a personas que se desarrollan como docentes de Teatro. Algunos resultados indican que el 77,5% de los establecimientos educacionales que imparten formación teatral son Municipales, mientras que un 20% son particulares subvencionados y un 2,5% son particulares pagados. De estos, los/as docentes que imparten la formación teatral, solo un 12,5% cuenta con una capacitación formal, mientras que el 45% solo posee educación informal (talleres, cursos, charlas, etc.). De este modo, este estudio resulta relevante proporcionar evidencias estadísticas y empíricas para una mayor integración del teatro y su epistemología en las escuelas de Chile
Los sitios militares de nuestros días: El espacio simbólico militar en Lima megapolitana, Perú
Full text linkThis study analyzes the impact of military facilities in Megapolitan Lima, considering the city's physical, symbolic, and social space configuration. This research focuses on the Las Palmas Air Force Base and the Chorrillos Military Base, examining how these sites demarcate the urban space and affect the social dynamics, symbolic perceptions, and power relations. Using a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews, observation, and document analysis, the role of military bases is explored in constructing urban identity, collective memory, and community cohesion in Lima. The findings reveal diverse perceptions. While some perceive these spaces as symbols of protection, stability, and order, others see them as agents of segregation and control. This plurality of opinions indicates that the military facilities fulfill a complex, multifaceted role in the city, influenced by the social and cultural context of the different groups involved.El estudio analiza el impacto de las instalaciones militares en Lima Megapolitana en la configuración del espacio físico, simbólico y social de la ciudad. Focalizándose en la Base Aérea Las Palmas y el Complejo Militar de Chorrillos, la investigación examina cómo estos sitios delimitan el espacio urbano y afectan las dinámicas sociales, percepciones simbólicas y las relaciones de poder. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo basado en entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación y análisis documental, se explora el papel de las instalaciones militares en la construcción de la identidad urbana, la memoria colectiva y la cohesión comunitaria en la ciudad de Lima. Los hallazgos revelan percepciones diversas: mientras algunos perciben estos espacios como símbolos de protección, estabilidad y orden, otros los ven como agentes de segregación y control. Esta pluralidad de opiniones indica que las instalaciones militares cumplen una función compleja y multifacética en la ciudad, influenciada por el contexto social y cultural de los diferentes grupos involucrados
Comparativa y calibración de índices de confort para la temporada cálida en una ciudad semi-árida del noroeste de México
Full text linkEl análisis sobre modelos de confort y el efecto de las condiciones microclimáticas extremas es importante para determinar la relación entre las afectaciones de salud en personas que realizan actividades en áreas abiertas. El trabajo propone un modelo psicofisiológico regional, para individuos con actividades físicas intensas (deportivas) en espacios públicos exteriores en clima cálido seco extremoso (Mexicali, Baja California), el que se contrastó con el Universal Thermal Climate Index con el propósito de calibrarlo y así establecer una base comparativa para formular pruebas de hipótesis que evalúen su aplicabilidad. Se encontró que el modelo regional alcanzó un 67% de aciertos en comparación del Universal Thermal Climate Index que obtuvo 31% de aciertos no calibrado y 53% de aciertos calibrado. Como conclusión de este proceso se destaca la pertinencia, precisión y eficiencia en la utilización de modelos específicos regionales sobre aquellos que tienden a generalizar las condiciones de la percepción térmica.A análise dos modelos de conforto e do efeito das condições microclimáticas extremas é importante para determinar a relação entre os problemas de saúde das pessoas que realizam actividades em espaços abertos. O trabalho propõe um modelo psicofisiológico regional para indivíduos com actividades físicas intensas (desporto) em espaços públicos ao ar livre em clima quente e seco extremo (Mexicali, Baja California), que foi contrastado com o Índice Universal de Clima Térmico para o calibrar e assim estabelecer uma base comparativa para formular testes de hipóteses para avaliar a sua aplicabilidade. Verificou-se que o modelo regional alcançou uma taxa de exatidão de 67% em comparação com o Índice Climático Térmico Universal, que obteve 31% de exatidão não calibrada e 53% de exatidão calibrada. A conclusão deste processo evidencia a pertinência, a exatidão e a eficácia da utilização de modelos regionais específicos em relação aos que tendem a generalizar as condições de perceção térmica.The analysis of comfort models and the effect of extreme microclimatic conditions is important to determine the relationship between health affectations in people who perform activities in open areas. This work proposes a regional psychophysiological model for individuals with intense physical activities (sports) in outdoor public spaces in extreme hot dry climate (Mexicali, Baja California), which was contrasted with the Universal Thermal Climate Index in order to calibrate it and thus establish a comparative basis to formulate hypothesis tests to evaluate its applicability. It was found that the regional model achieved 67% accuracy compared to the Universal Thermal Climate Index, which obtained 31% accuracy when not calibrated and 53% accuracy when calibrated. As a conclusion of this process, the relevance, accuracy and efficiency in the use of specific regional models over those that tend to generalize the conditions of thermal perception is highlighted
Análise custo-benefício das estratégias de eficiência energética em habitação, aplicando a regulamentação atual no Noroeste do México
No full textAs mudanças climáticas afetaram desproporcionalmente os setores mais vulneráveis, e a eficiência energética em edifícios surge como uma chave para mitigar e se adaptar a esses efeitos. No México, os climas quentes e secos predominam em 53% do território, especialmente no norte, e embora existam regulamentações para eficiência energética em edifícios, elas têm um impacto limitado. Este estudo avalia os custos e benefícios dessas regulamentações considerando casas comuns em diferentes climas em um estado do norte do México, analisando 180 modelos e concluindo que o cumprimento das regulamentações aumentaria o custo da moradia em 1,93%, reduziria o consumo de eletricidade em 26% e diminuiria as emissões de CO2e em 16,95%. Esses benefícios foram obtidos sem alterar os sistemas construtivos mais comumente usados, priorizando os sistemas de sombreamento. Os resultados podem orientar políticas públicas mais adequadas aos contextos locais.Climate change has disproportionately affected the most vulnerable sectors, and energy efficiency in buildings emerges as a key to mitigate and adapt to these effects. In Mexico, hot dry climates predominate in 53% of the territory, especially in the north, and although there are regulations for energy efficiency in buildings, they have a limited impact. This study evaluates the costs and benefits of said regulations considering ordinary homes in different climates in a state in northern Mexico, analyzing 180 models and concluding that complying with the regulations would increase the cost of housing by 1.93%, reduce electricity consumption by 26% and decrease CO2e emissions by 16.95%. These benefits were obtained without changing the most used construction systems, and prioritizing shading systems. The results can guide public policies that are more appropriate to local contexts.El cambio climático ha afectado de manera desproporcionada a los sectores más vulnerables, y la eficiencia energética en edificaciones emerge como clave para mitigar y adaptarse a estos efectos. En México, los climas cálidos secos predominan en el 53% del territorio, especialmente en el norte, y aunque existe normativa para la eficiencia energética en la edificación, ésta tiene un impacto limitado. El estudio evalúa los costos y beneficios de dicha normativa que considera viviendas comunes en distintos climas de un estado del norte de México donde se analizaron 180 modelos y se concluyó que cumplir con la normativa aumentaría el costo de la vivienda en 1.93%, reduciría el consumo eléctrico en 26% y disminuiría las emisiones de CO2e en 16.95%. Estos beneficios se obtuvieron sin cambiar los sistemas constructivos más utilizados y se priorizó sistemas de sombreado. Los resultados podrían orientar a políticas públicas más adecuadas a los contextos locales
Using acoustic testing to estimate strength and stiffness of wood-polymer composites
Full text linkThis study used non-destructive testing with ultrasonic and stress wave propagation to evaluate bending strength and stiffness of wood-polymer composites. Twelve composite plate products were produced with different formulations of polymer matrix (high- and low-density polyethylene and polypropylene) and type and proportion of flour (coconut shell and wood). Mechanical and acoustic properties were influenced primarily by the type of matrix used in the composite. The greater the proportion of wood and coconut shell flour the higher the wave propagation velocity, stiffness, and strength. We found a correlation between mechanical properties (strength and stiffness) and wave velocity and stiffness coefficient. We also present linear regression equations of the stiffness and strength of the specimen as a function of wave velocity and stiffness coefficient obtained through non-destructive testing. For polypropylene and high-density polyethylene matrix composites, the stiffness coefficient provided a better estimate of stiffness, while for low-density polyethylene the wave velocity provided better results