Revistas Universidad del Bío-Bío
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Intervenciones ecológicas para mejorar el confort térmico en un patio escolar en Arequipa, Perú
Full text linkPátio de recreação das escolas se tornaram espaços residuais com falta de conforto térmico devido ao aumento do estoque de edifícios para atender à superpopulação de alunos. Portanto, estratégias arquitetônicas ecológicas foram simuladas para demonstrar sua eficácia na melhoria do conforto térmico, analisando a temperatura fisiológica padrão das crianças. Foi adotada uma abordagem mista, combinando o software Sun Path para análise da luz solar, com base no Protocolo SOPARC e em medições in situ, com o Rayman para simulação de conforto térmico e o Revit e o ENVI-met para testar as estratégias aplicadas. Os resultados mostram a melhoria da sensação térmica, sendo notável aquela em que foi realizada a mudança do pavimento de terra para grama, a adição de vegetação arbórea e a implementação de uma estufa ecológica. Portanto, esta pesquisa válida a otimização das condições térmicas por meio de uma análise prévia e uma intervenção posterior por meio de simulação.Schoolyards have become residual spaces lacking thermal comfort due to increased construction to accommodate student overpopulation. As a result, ecological architectural strategies were simulated to demonstrate their effectiveness in improving thermal comfort in Arequipa, Perú; based on an analysis of children's standard physiological temperature. A mixed-methods approach was used, employing Sun Path for solar analysis, based on the SOPARC Protocol, and on-site measurements. The results obtained in situ were then used with RayMan to verify the strategies applied in Revit and ENVI-met. Results show an improvement in thermal sensation, with the most notable intervention being the change from dirt to grass paving, the addition of tree vegetation, and the implementation of an ecological greenhouse. As such, this research validates the optimization of thermal conditions through prior analysis and subsequent intervention via simulation.Los patios escolares se han convertido en espacios residuales carentes de confort térmico debido al incremento de la edificación para cubrir la sobrepoblación estudiantil. Por ello, se simularon estrategias arquitectónicas ecológicas para demostrar su eficacia en el mejoramiento del confort térmico en Arequipa, Perú; a partir del análisis de la temperatura fisiológica estándar de niños. Se adoptó un enfoque mixto, que combinó el software Sun Path para el análisis de asoleamiento, en base al Protocolo SOPARC y mediciones in situ, con Rayman para la simulación de confort térmico y Revit y ENVI-met para comprobar las estrategias aplicadas. Los resultados evidencian la mejora de la sensación térmica, siendo notable, aquella intervención en la que se efectuó el cambio de pavimento de tierra a césped, adición de vegetación arbórea e implementación de un invernadero ecológico. Por lo que, está investigación valida la optimización de las condiciones térmicas mediante un análisis previo y una posterior intervención mediante simulación
Impact of neighborhood morphology in tropical climates: a case study of the traditional neighborhoods of Kanyakumari, India
Full text linkThe morphology of the built environment interacts with the surrounding thermal environment. Thermal interactions affect a neighborhood's energy demand and thermal comfort. The extreme temperatures owing to climate change demand intervention reciprocating in urban heating. Thus, this study analyzed the thermal interaction between morphology and the thermal environment. The study was conducted in the tropical city of Kanyakumari, located in India. The influence of aspect ratio, sky view factor, green cover ratio, and building cover ratio on the Universal Thermal Climate Index was studied. A quantitative analysis of the morphological variables was conducted to establish a relationship with the comfort variable. The aspect and green cover ratios positively correlated with the climate index. In contrast, the sky view factor and building cover ratio had a negative relation with the index. However, when vegetation was introduced in the streets, the interaction between the aspect ratio and the index was reversed, where an increase in aspect ratio reduced the comfort in the canyon by introducing vegetation.La morfología del entorno construido interactúa con el ambiente térmico circundante. Las interacciones térmicas afectan la demanda energética y el confort térmico de un vecindario. Las temperaturas extremas debido al cambio climático exigen una intervención para reciprocar la calefacción urbana. Por lo tanto, este estudio analizó la interacción térmica entre la morfología y el ambiente térmico. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la ciudad tropical de Kanyakumari, en la India. Se estudió la influencia de la relación de aspecto, el factor de vista del cielo, la relación de cubierta verde y la relación de cubierta edificada en el Índice Climático Térmico Universal. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de las variables morfológicas para establecer una relación con la variable de confort. Las relaciones de aspecto y cubierta verde se correlacionaron positivamente con el índice climático; por el contrario, el factor de vista del cielo y la relación de cubierta edificada tuvieron una relación negativa con el índice. Sin embargo, cuando se introdujo vegetación en las calles, la interacción entre la relación de aspecto y el índice se invirtió. Un aumento en la relación de aspecto redujo el confort en el cañón al introducir vegetación.A morfologia do ambiente construído interage com o ambiente térmico circundante. As interações térmicas afetam a demanda energética e o conforto térmico de um bairro. As temperaturas extremas decorrentes das mudanças climáticas exigem intervenções que repercutem no aquecimento urbano. Assim, este estudo analisou a interação térmica entre a morfologia e o entorno térmico. O estudo foi realizado na cidade tropical de Kanyakumari, localizada na Índia. Foi estudada a influência da relação de aspecto, do fator de vista do céu, da relação de cobertura verde e da relação de cobertura dos edifícios no Índice Climático Térmico Universal. Realizou-se uma análise quantitativa das variáveis morfológicas para estabelecer uma relação com a variável de conforto. As proporções de aspecto e cobertura verde correlacionaram-se positivamente com o índice climático. Em contrapartida, o fator de vista do céu e a proporção de cobertura dos edifícios tiveram uma relação negativa com o índice. No entanto, com a introdução de vegetação nas ruas, a interação entre a proporção de aspecto e o índice foi invertida em áreas onde um aumento na relação de aspecto costumava reduzir o conforto no cânion
Estudo de aplicações de microalgas em fachadas de edifícios: uma perspectiva bibliométrica
Full text linkAs microalgas são microorganismos que apresentam um potencial promissor para aplicação em tecnologias ambientais sustentáveis devido à sua capacidade de fotossíntese, produção de biomassa, absorção de dióxido de carbono e tratamento de águas residuais. Essas propriedades versáteis permitem que as microalgas sejam integradas aos sistemas de fachadas arquitetônicas. Os fotobiorreatores que podem ser integrados às fachadas arquitetônicas podem ser usados para geração de energia, melhoria da qualidade do ar, sombreamento e tratamento de águas residuais. Neste contexto, embora existam muitos estudos bibliométricos na literatura sobre o uso de microalgas em aplicações ambientais e industriais, nenhum estudo bibliométrico abrangente enfoca o uso de microalgas em projetos de fachadas arquitetônicas. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar de forma sistemática as tendências de pesquisa nesse campo, por meio da análise bibliométrica da literatura sobre o uso de microalgas em fachadas de edifícios e sistemas de revestimento. De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa, a literatura científica sobre o uso de microalgas em fachadas de edifícios tem aumentado rapidamente nos últimos anos, com colaborações interdisciplinares focadas nos temas de sustentabilidade, eficiência energética e interação biológica. Os estudos publicados entre 2012 e 2024, com contribuições importantes de países como Alemanha, EUA, China e Países Baixos, concentram-se em palavras-chave como microalgas, biorreator, fachada verde, biointegração, com foco em eficiência energética, sustentabilidade e biotecnologia aplicada à construção. Assim, esta pesquisa torna visível o estágio atual das tecnologias de microalgas e oferece recomendações estratégicas para orientar futuros trabalhos acadêmicos.
Microalgae are microorganisms that offer promising potential for application in sustainable environmental technologies due to their ability to photosynthesize, produce biomass, absorb carbon dioxide, and treat wastewater. These versatile properties allow microalgae to be integrated into architectural façade systems. Photobioreactors that can be integrated into architectural facades can be used for energy generation, air quality improvement, shading, and wastewater treatment. In this context, although there are many bibliometric studies in the literature on the use of microalgae in environmental and industrial applications, no comprehensive bibliometric study focuses on the use of microalgae in architectural facade designs. This study aims to systematically reveal the research trends in this field by examining the literature on the use of microalgae in building facades and cladding systems through bibliometric analysis. According to the research findings, the scientific literature on the use of microalgae in building facades has been increasing rapidly in recent years, with interdisciplinary collaborations focusing on the themes of sustainability, energy efficiency, and biological interaction. The studies published between 2012 and 2024, with leading contributions from countries such as Germany, the USA, China, and the Netherlands, are shaped around keywords such as microalgae, bioreactor, green facade, bio-integration, with a focus on energy efficiency, sustainability, and building biotechnology. As a result, this research makes the current position of microalgae technologies visible and provides strategic recommendations to guide future academic work.Las microalgas son microorganismos con un gran potencial para su aplicación en tecnologías medioambientales sustentables por su capacidad de fotosintetizar, producir biomasa, absorber dióxido de carbono y tratar aguas residuales. Estas propiedades versátiles permiten integrar las microalgas en los sistemas arquitectónicos de fachadas. Los fotobiorreactores que pueden integrarse en la fachada cumplen funciones como la generación de energía, la mejora de la calidad del aire, el sombreado y el tratamiento de aguas residuales. En este contexto, aunque existen muchos estudios bibliométricos en la literatura sobre el uso de microalgas en los campos medioambiental e industrial, no hay ningún estudio bibliométrico exhaustivo que se centre en el uso de microalgas en diseños de fachadas arquitectónicas. Este estudio pretende revelar sistemáticamente las tendencias de la investigación en este campo examinando la bibliografía sobre el uso de microalgas en fachadas de edificios y sistemas de revestimiento mediante un análisis bibliométrico. Según los resultados de la investigación, la literatura científica sobre el uso de microalgas en fachadas de edificios ha aumentado rápidamente en los últimos años con colaboraciones interdisciplinarias y se centra en los temas de sustentabilidad, eficiencia energética e interacción biológica. Los estudios publicados entre 2012 y 2024, liderados por países como Alemania, Estados Unidos, China y Países Bajos, se configuran en torno a palabras clave como microalgas, biorreactor, fachada verde, y biointegración, centrados en la eficiencia energética, la sustentabilidad y la biotecnología de la construcción. Como resultado, esta investigación hace visible la posición actual de las tecnologías de microalgas y ofrece recomendaciones estratégicas para orientar futuros trabajos académicos
MÉTODOS DE ENSEÑANZA DE LA LENGUA INGLESA EN EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR. UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA (2021-2024)
Full text linkEl aprendizaje del inglés en la educación superior exige metodologías innovadoras que superen los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza. Esta revisión sistemática analiza la implementación del Enfoque Comunicativo entre 2021 y 2024, publicada en tres bases de datos científicas: Web of Science, Scopus y SciELO. El estudio se encuentra basado en una búsqueda, análisis, agrupación y síntesis de artículos en donde la literatura indica comprensivamente cómo este enfoque está transformando la enseñanza del inglés, con énfasis en desarrollar competencias comunicativas auténticas y significativas. Los principales hallazgos revelan una implementación heterogénea del Enfoque comunicativo, con variaciones significativas según contextos geográficos y culturales. Las investigaciones de diferentes regiones destacan la eficacia de estrategias como el aprendizaje basado en tareas comunicativas y la simulación de escenarios reales.The learning of English in higher education demands innovative methodologies that surpass traditional teaching methods. This systematic review analyzes the implementation of the Communicative approach between 2021 and 2024, utilizing the PRISMA 2001 methodology in scientific databases: Web of Science, Scopus, and SciELO. The study is based on the search, analysis, grouping, and synthesis of articles where the literature comprehensively indicates how this approach is transforming English teaching, emphasizing the development of authentic and meaningful communicative competencies. The main findings reveal a heterogeneous implementation of the Communicative Approach, with significant variations across geographical and cultural contexts. Research from different regions highlights the effectiveness of strategies such as task-based communicative learning and the simulation of real-life scenarios
PRÁCTICAS RESTAURATIVAS Y CÍRCULOS DE PAZ. UNA EXPERIENCIA EN EL CONTEXTO ESCOLAR
Full text linkRestorative practices are an approach based on restorative justice which sought from the beginning to work with youth at risk. However, since its opening in other continents and the impact obtained in its application, it has migrated to other areas, including education. From this point of view, restorative practices are approached and in them one of its relational tools called “Peace Circles”, which gather elements to strengthen social capital from affective statements and attention to the needs of the participants, as well as the modeling that the co-regulator vigilant of his own interactions identifies and manages to modulate, to guide the participants to the development of relational skills strengthening regulation processes, self-worth and community empowerment. The experience in the implementation in the educational context allowed to experience the collective construction that favored the respect for the other by giving their point of view, expressing their needs, which in turn generated deep collective constructions, finding an identity reflected in the values of each member of the circle, which in turn was part of the reference of collective values that represent agreements.Las prácticas restaurativas son un enfoque basado en la justicia restaurativa la cual buscaba desde un principio trabajar con jóvenes en riesgo. Sin embargo, desde su apertura en otros continentes y el impacto obtenido en su aplicación ha migrado a otros ámbitos entre ellos lo educativo. Desde este punto de vista, se abordan las prácticas restaurativas y en ellas una de sus herramientas relacionales llamados los “Círculos de Paz”, los cuales reúnen elementos propios para fortalecer el capital social desde las declaraciones afectivas y la atención a las necesidades propias de los participantes, así como el modelamiento que el co-regulador vigilante de sus propias interacciones identifica y logra modular, para guiar a los participantes al desarrollo de habilidades relacionales fortaleciendo procesos de regulación, propia valía y agenciamiento de comunidades. La experiencia en la implementación en el contexto educativo permitió vivenciar la construcción colectiva que favoreció, el respeto por el otro al dar su punto de vista, expresar sus necesidades lo que a su vez generó construcciones colectivas profundas encontrando una identidad reflejada en los valores propios de cada integrante del círculo, que a su vez era parte del referente de valores colectivos que representan acuerdos
Glulam bonding quality of chromated copper arsenate treatment applied to Pinus elliottii wood and three structural adhesives
Full text linkGlued laminated timber is an alternative gaining prominence in the Brazilian construction field. As a result, industries seek ways to improve the quality of their products, focusing on the wood used, the adhesive, and the manufacturing process. The aims of this study are to evaluate the effect of the preservative treatment chromated copper arsenate (CCA) as a preservative treatment on the gluing quality of Pinus elliottii (slash pine) glued laminated timber (Glulam) elements. For this purpose, Glulam was compared with and without CCA treatment, using Cascophen RS 216 -M, Jowat 686,60 and AG 101 adhesives to bond the laminated wood specimens. The glue quality was evaluated through delamination and shear strength tests of the glue lines based on the test method, following the European standard. The delamination results indicated that there were no significant differences between those obtained for the combinations of wood treated with CCA and wood in natura. The results of the shear tests on the glue lines revealed significant differences when comparing the performance of wood treated with CCA to that of untreated (in natura) wood. Specifically, when using Cascophen 216-M and polyurethane AG 101 adhesives, the treated wood demonstrated notably different shear strengths. This indicates that the preservative treatment with chromated copper arsenate alters the bonding effectiveness of these adhesives, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate adhesive formulations for treated wood to ensure optimal bonding quality. The only species/adhesive combination that showed a delamination limit lower than 4 % was the one that considered natural wood glued with Cascophen 216-M adhesive. To confirm these results is essential a complementary study evaluating the viscosity of the resins used
Production of value-added decorative furniture items from recoverable wood wastes from construction site
Full text linkThe cost of wood and non-wood lignocellulosic materials continues to escalate yet the demand keeps rising at the face of the climate change problem aggravated by unsustainable tree removal across the world. Lignocellulose waste is unavoidably generated during construction. The viability of producing decorative furniture items from recoverable wood wastes from a construction site was investigated. Ten construction sites were randomly chosen, for on-the-spot assessment to obtain information on characteristics of bio-wastes originating from construction sites. A 6-flat-storey building was selected for an in-depth study. Data were collected on the composition of bio-wastes, Retrievable volume, and exposure and deterioration status. Redundant fragments of wood wastes were retrieved and processed into glue-laminated panels, constituting intermediate raw material that was used for manufacturing three decorative furniture items. Although a wide range of bio-wastes was generated at the construction sites, wood, bamboo, and medium density fibreboard, wastes were generated more substantially and in decline order, respectively. Most of the bio-wastes had largely deteriorated, but about 60 % of the wood wastes can still be recovered for re-use. Re-using recovered wood for decorative furniture items may save as much as 73 % of the actual cost of wood needed for production, with a negligible increase in labour cost. Glued-laminated panels were used to manufacture shelves installed for office use. The study suggested that more values may be obtained from bio-waste reuse if retrieved without delay.
 
EL PROFESOR DE PRIMARIA COMO MEDIADOR DE CONFLICTOS: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Full text linkThe elementary school teacher plays the role of mediator in the school when conflict situations arise among his students. In this research, the scientific studies conducted in the last 5 years (January 2018-November 2022) that address the subject are collected, the interests of these works are categorized and the categories are conceptualized from an empirical study. This investigative tracking, is ascribed to the quantitative paradigm of documentary analysis of descriptive and exploratory type, it is an ex post facto study - naturalistic observation. The result was the need to document the role of the teacher as conflict mediator and the study of the taxonomy of conflicts in the field of education.El profesor de primaria cumple el papel de mediador en la escuela cuando se presentan situaciones de conflicto entre sus estudiantes. En esta investigación se recogen los estudios científicos realizados en los últimos 5 años (enero 2018-noviembre 2022) que abordan la temática, se categorizan los intereses de estos trabajos y se conceptualizan las categorías a partir de un estudio empírico. Este rastreo investigativo, se adscribe al paradigma cuantitativo de análisis documental de tipo descriptivo y exploratorio, se trata de un estudio ex post facto- Observación naturalista. Obteniendo como resultado la necesidad de documentar el rol del docente como mediador de conflictos y el estudio de la taxonomía de los conflictos en el campo de la educación
REPRESENTACIONES SOBRE LA EDUCACIÓN SEXUAL DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DEL PROFESORADO
Full text linkThe objective of this study is to describe the social representations of basic education teachers regarding sex education. The study is carried out in the Ñuble Region, located in the central-south zone of Chile. The development of the research is carried out using the qualitative methodology from the phenomenological approach. The data production is carried out by means of individual semistructured interviews with a total of 12 practicing teachers, both in urban and rural areas. The analysis is developed with the structural semantic technique. The main results of the study indicate that teachers recognize sex education as part of their role, but note the lack of training. Although they recognize that the comprehensive education model is the most appropriate, as a result of their lack of training, they end up reproducing a sexual education centered on a biologicist and pathologicist view oriented to prevention.El trabajo tiene por objetivo describir las representaciones sociales del profesorado de educación básica respecto de la educación sexual. El estudio se realiza en la Región de Ñuble, emplazada en la zona centro sur de Chile. El desarrollo de la investigación se realiza utilizando la metodología cualitativa desde el enfoque fenomenológico. La producción de datos se realiza por medio de la entrevista semiestructurada de tipo individual a un total de 12 profesores en ejercicio, tanto del área urbana como rural. El análisis se desarrolla con la técnica semántica estructural. Los resultados principales del estudio, indican que los y las docentes reconocen la educación sexual como parte de su rol, pero advierten la falta de formación. Si bien reconocen que el modelo de educación integral es el más adecuado, producto de su falta de formación, terminan reproduciendo una educación sexual centrada en la mirada biologicista y patologicista orientada a la prevención
Acknowledgment of Referees Maderas-Cienc Tecnol 2024
Full text linkWe gratefully acknowledgements the referees listed below of Maderas-Cienc Tecnol. We thank you for reviewing the manuscripts for Maderas-Cienc Tecnol journal. We appreciate your time and effort in reviewing and greatly value your assistance as a reviewers for Maderas-Cienc Tecnol journal during 2024-year.