Revistas Universidad del Bío-Bío
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Full text linkEm um sul global tão ávido por soluções práticas e acessíveis, qual é a distância entre a ciência que produzimos e sua aplicação em respostas tangíveis? Embora essa pergunta possa ter sido válida em diferentes momentos de nossa história, hoje ela reúne novas e complexas variáveis ao seu redor. Desde sua criação, a arquitetura e o ambiente construído buscaram, fundamentalmente, proteger-nos de riscos e perigos, naturais ou não, incluindo aqueles associados às intempéries esperadas a cada ano. No entanto, como estamos “surpreendentemente” vivenciando, essas variáveis climáticas já não são tão regulares: a tão discutida mudança climática. Isso tem nos colocado em um cenário de incertezas quanto às soluções que devemos propor ou adaptar em nossos edifícios. Assim, nos últimos anos, duas palavras-chave emergiram diante deste fenômeno: adaptação e mitigação. Entretanto, para que o ambiente construído responda a essas diretrizes, ele deve ser projetado de forma a interagir complementarmente com o contexto urbano e socioambiental em que está inserido. Isso implicaria melhorar o desempenho individual sem comprometer o dos demais.En un sur global tan ávido de soluciones prácticas y accesibles, ¿qué tan próximos estamos entre la ciencia que producimos y su aplicación en respuestas tangibles? Si bien esta pregunta podría haber tenido validez en distintos momentos de nuestra historia, en la actualidad reúne nuevas y complejas variables alrededor de sí. Desde sus inicios, la arquitectura y el ambiente construido se han propuesto fundamentalmente protegernos de riesgos y amenazas, naturales o no, incluidas aquellas asociadas a las clemencias climáticas esperables cada año. Sin embargo, tal como lo venimos "sorpresivamente" experimentando, estas variables climáticas ya no son tan regulares: el tan famoso cambio climático. Esto nos ha colocado en un escenario de incertidumbre respecto a las soluciones que debemos proponer o adecuar en nuestros edificios. Así, en los últimos años han surgido dos palabras clave frente a este fenómeno: adaptación y mitigación. No obstante, para que el ambiente construido responda a estas directrices, debería diseñarse de manera que interactúe complementariamente con el contexto urbano y socioambiental en el cual está inserto. Esto implicaría mejorar el desempeño individual sin comprometer el de los demás.In a Global South so eager for practical and accessible solutions, how close are we between the science we produce and its application to gaining tangible answers? Although this question might have been valid at different times in our history, it currently has new and complex variables. Since its inception, architecture and the built environment have been fundamentally proposed to protect us from risks and threats, natural or otherwise, including those associated with the inclement weather expected every year. However, as we have been "surprisingly" experiencing, these climatic variables are no longer so regular, thanks to the famous climate change. This has left us uncertain about the solutions we must propose to adapt our buildings. Thus, two keywords have emerged to face this phenomenon in recent years: adaptation and mitigation. However, for the built environment to comply with these guidelines, it should be designed to interact complementarily with the urban and socio-environmental context in which it is inserted. This would imply improving individual performance without compromising that of others
El fortalecimiento industrial del Bíobío
Full text linkA partir del cierre de Huachipato se ha generado una interesante discusión sobre el fortalecimiento industrial de la región. A nuestro juicio debiéramos hablar de reconversión industrial toda vez que el fin del modelo de Industrialización Sustitutiva de Importaciones (ISI), a mediados de la década de los años setenta, puso término de manera paulatina, a un tipo de industria orientada al mercado interno y estructurada en cadenas de montaje que ha sido denominada de “producción fordista”
Antifungal and antitermitic potential of extracts of industrial wood waste from Central Amazon, Brazil
Full text linkStudies on wood durability have highlighted the use of new environmentally friendly substances. In this sense, research carried out with Amazonian forest species is extremely important for the discovery of new bioactive substances from durable wood and its residues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitermitic and antifungal potential of extracts obtained from industrial processing residues of wood species from Central Amazonia, Brazil. The sawdust of seven Amazonian wood species were collected to obtain extracts and quantify the extractive content. The extracts produced were tested for inhibition of fungal growth of Rhodonia placenta and Trametes versicolor and impregnated in low natural durability wood known as Simarouba amara (marupa) to verify the effect on wood natural durability against Nasutitermes sp. termites and Gloeophyllum trabeum fungus. Simarouba amara (marupa) wood was easily impregnated and showed satisfactory retention values. The species Buchenavia sp., Dinizia excelsa (red angelim), Hymenolobium flavum (angelim pedra) and Manilkara elata (maçaranduba) exhibited high contents of secondary metabolites. It was observed that the extracts of Roupala montana (louro faia) and Hymenolobium flavum (angelim pedra) exhibited the best performance in inhibiting fungal growth. In the accelerated decay test, marupa wood impregnated with Buchenavia sp. (tanimbuca) extract showed the lowest weight loss after exposure to the fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. In the termite choice feeding test, wood impregnated with Dinizia excelsa (red angelim) and Buchenavia sp. (tanimbuca) extracts were most consumed and the extracts of Roupala montana (louro faia), Cordia sp., Hymenolobium flavum (angelim pedra) and Manilkara elata (maçaranduba) provided greater inhibition of termite attack. The combination of extracts must be tested in future studies to verify the synergistic effect, in addition to the chemical analyses of the selected extracts
Biological resistance of thermally modified Gmelina arborea wood
Full text linkThermal modification of wood is an environmentally friendly method to improve wood durability, mainly against microorganisms. By employing a process similar to the ThermoWood®, various Gmelina arborea (gamhar) wood specimens were thermally modified at 180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C for 3 hours. The effects of the thermal modification process on the resistance to decay by rot-fungi, and attack by subterranean, arboreal, and dry-wood termites were determined. Generally, the thermal modification improved the resistance of Gmelina arborea (gamhar) to decay by Trametes versicolor with increasing process temperature. However, the effect of the process was null on the resistance to biodeterioration by the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana and the dry-wood termites Cryptotermes brevis. Even so, the visual damage caused by Cryptotermes brevis was slight. Untreated and thermally modified woods recorded higher resistance to Coniophora puteana than Trametes versicolor. Mass loss caused by Nasutitermes corniger also decreased with increasing thermal modification temperature. According to the visual damage rating values, the attack by Nasutitermes corniger was slight. However, the thermal modification inversely impacted Gmelina arborea (gamhar) attack by Macrotermes sp., as its resistance in the field to the termites decreased with increasing modification temperature. Thus, the thermal modification process contributed to improving the decay resistance of the modified wood to white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor and attack by the arboreal termites Nasutitermes corniger exposed indoors. On the other hand, thermally modified Gmelina arborea (gamhar) wood was very susceptible to Macrotermes sp. in the field. This work would provide a reliable reference document to guide wood industry stakeholders in assessing the performance of untreated and thermally modified Gmelina arborea (gamhar) wood in situations exposed to fungi and termite species adopted
Movilidad del cuidado alrededor de un centro de desarrollo infantil municipal en Cuenca, Ecuador
Full text linkHistóricamente, ha existido una desigualdad en las condiciones de movilidad entre hombres y mujeres que derivan principalmente de los roles de género que ejercen en la sociedad. Generalmente, son las mujeres las responsables de realizar las actividades del cuidado, tales como encargarse de los infantes. En este contexto, resulta importante estudiar la movilidad del cuidado en diferentes ámbitos. Para reflexionar sobre esta temática, se tomó como caso de estudio los alrededores del Centro de Desarrollo Infantil Municipal 27 Febrero en la ciudad de Cuenca-Ecuador. Se aplicaron cuatro instrumentos: encuestas caso-tipo a padres/madres de familia, herramienta de código abierto para la evaluación en microescala de entornos eMAPS, observación directa no participante y entrevistas semiestructuradas. Se encontró que, si bien la calidad del entorno urbano influye en las condiciones de movilidad del cuidado, en los desplazamientos desde y hacia el centro educativo existen otros factores que resultan más relevantes como el modo de transporte utilizado y la seguridad personal.Historically, there has been an inequality in mobility conditions between men and women, which derives mainly from their gender roles in society. Generally, women are responsible for caregiving activities, such as caring for children. In this context, studying the mobility of care in different areas is vital. To reflect on this issue, the environment around the 27 Febrero Municipal Child Development Center in the city of Cuenca-Ecuador was used as a case study. Four instruments were applied: Case-type surveys to parents, open-source tools for the micro-scale evaluation of eMAPS environments, non-participant direct observation, and semi-structured interviews. It was found that, although the quality of the urban environment influences the mobility conditions for caregiving when traveling to and from the educational center, other factors are more relevant, such as the means of transportation used and personal safety
Integración de estrategias de circularidad al diseño arquitectonico mediante BIM
Full text linkO setor de construção é responsável por uma grande parte do consumo de recursos naturais, com a projeção de que os resíduos globais de construção e demolição (CDW) aumentem em 70% até 2050, se não forem tomadas medidas urgentes. A aplicação da economia circular na construção exige a seleção de produtos com base em seu potencial circular, na fase de projeto, para otimizar a reutilização e minimizar o desperdício. Propõe-se uma metodologia mista que combina componentes qualitativos, explorando como os atores envolvidos na construção integram vários fatores que influenciam a recuperação de materiais, atribuindo valores percentuais que refletem o potencial circular do produto. Essas informações quantitativas são visualizadas graficamente no BIM (Building Information Modelling), obtendo-se uma quantificação sintética em porcentagem de RCD. A circularidade do modelo de estudo é comparada com um modelo mais favorável e outro menos favorável. São detectadas diferenças substanciais na circularidade e uma determinação em porcentagem de RCD, para formular projetos informados.La industria de la construcción representa gran parte del consumo de recursos naturales, proyectándose el aumento de residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD) a nivel mundial en un 70% al año 2050 si no se toman medidas urgentes. La aplicación de economía circular en la construcción, requiere selección de productos en base a su potencial circular, en la fase de diseño, para optimizar la reutilización y minimizar residuos. Se propone metodología mixta combinando componentes cualitativos, explorando cómo los actores involucrados en la construcción integran, múltiples factores que influyen en la recuperación del material, asignándoles valores porcentuales que reflejan el potencial circular del producto. Esta información cuantitativa, se visualizará gráficamente en BIM (Building Information Modeling), obteniendo cuantificación sintética en porcentaje de RCD. Se compara la circularidad del modelo de estudio, con uno más favorable, y otro menos favorable. Detectándose diferencias sustanciales en la circularidad, y una determinación en porcentaje de RCD, para formular diseños informados.The construction industry represents a large part of the consumption of natural resources, with construction and demolition waste (CDW) projected to increase worldwide by 70% by 2050 if urgent measures are not taken. Applying circular economy in construction requires product selection in the design phase based on their circular potential, optimizing reuse to minimize waste. A mixed methodology is proposed, combining qualitative components and exploring how the actors involved in construction integrate multiple factors that influence the recovery of the material, assigning them percentage values that reflect the circular potential of the product. This quantitative information will be displayed graphically in BIM (Building Information Modeling), obtaining a synthetic quantification of the percentage of CDW. The circularity of the study model is compared with a more favorable one and a less favorable one, detecting substantial differences in circularity and determining the CDW percentage to formulate informed designs
Calificación de viviendas prefabricadas en madera basada en atributos de cumplimiento normativo, complejidad y sustentabilidad en Chile central
Full text linkEl estudio revisa los antecedentes publicados por fabricantes de viviendas prefabricadas en madera en Chile central. La metodología indaga en medios digitales de venta y servicio de impuestos internos. Utiliza los atributos de cumplimiento normativo-técnico, complejidad y sustentabilidad para calificar las viviendas prefabricadas en las regiones de Valparaíso, O’Higgins y Metropolitana. Un 83% de empresas son “constructoras-fabricantes”, 83% están legalmente constituidas. La complejidad revela que, para proyectos de mayor envergadura, 54% tienen nivel bajo, 35% nivel medio y 11% nivel alto. Hay debilidades en cumplimientos normativos y en información técnica para los potenciales clientes, siendo la sustentabilidad el atributo menos destacado, ya que pocas explicitan datos como huella de carbono, reciclaje de materiales o certificaciones voluntarias para diferenciarse en el mercado. Por tanto, se concluye que faltan acciones para potenciar a este sector productivo, con potencial de industrialización, incorporando gestión y reglamentación, con lo que disminuiría la inseguridad territorial por autoconstrucción
O estudo analisa as informações publicadas pelos fabricantes de casas de madeira pré-fabricadas na região central do Chile. A metodologia explora os meios de vendas digitais e o sistema tributário nacional. Ela usa os atributos de conformidade técnico-regulatória, complexidade e sustentabilidade para classificar as casas pré-fabricadas nas regiões de Valparaíso, O'Higgins e Metropolitana. 83% das empresas são "construtoras-fabricantes e 83% são legalmente constituídas. A análise revela que, no caso dos projetos maiores, 54% têm um nível baixo, 35% um nível médio e 11% um nível alto. Há deficiências na conformidade regulatória e nas informações técnicas para clientes potenciais, sendo a sustentabilidade o atributo de menor destaque, pois poucas empresas fornecem dados como pegada de carbono, reciclagem de materiais ou certificações voluntárias para se diferenciar no mercado. Conclui-se, portanto, que faltam ações para aprimorar esse setor produtivo, com potencial de industrialização, incorporando gestão e regulamentação, o que reduziria a insegurança territorial decorrente da autoconstruçãoThis study reviews the background information published by manufacturers of prefabricated wooden housing in central Chile. The methodology carries out the investigation using digital sales and internal tax service media. It uses regulatory-technical compliance, complexity, and sustainability to rate prefabricated homes in Chile’s Valparaíso, O'Higgins, and Metropolitan regions. 83% of the companies are “construction-manufacturers”, while 83% are legally constituted. As for complexity, it is revealed that, for larger projects, 54% have a low level, 35% have a medium level, and 11% have a high level. There are weaknesses in regulatory compliance and in technical information for potential clients, with sustainability being the least prominent attribute, as few explain data such as carbon footprint, recycling of materials, or voluntary certifications to differentiate themselves in the market. It is concluded that there is a lack of actions to strengthen this productive sector, which has industrialization potential, by incorporating management and regulation, which would reduce the territorial insecurity for self-construction
Enhancing energy efficiency in glass facades through biomimetic design strategies
Full text linkA indústria da construção, responsável por grande parte do consumo de energia, procura soluções para reduzir o consumo de energia. Este estudo propõe fachadas biomiméticas para garantir conforto térmico. Primeiramente, examinou sistemas de fachadas biomiméticos na literatura. Em seguida, analisou os métodos de termorregulação da natureza, o nível de biomimética e as estratégias desenvolvidas pelos seres vivos. Como resultado das análises, a informação biológica sobre os três fenômenos selecionados foi ampliada e determinada como transferir o método de biomimética que poderia ser para a envolvente do edifício. Simulações energéticas foram realizadas na fachada de vidro do Süleyman Pasha Bath para avaliar a eficiência energética do envelope. Verificou-se que os métodos inspirados na natureza contribuíram significativamente para o consumo de energia do edifício quando os resultados da simulação da fachada projetada.La industria de la construcción, responsable de una gran proporción del consumo de energía, está buscando soluciones para reducir el consumo de energía. Este estudio propone fachadas biomiméticas para garantizar el confort térmico. En primer lugar, examinó los sistemas de fachadas biomiméticas en la literatura. Luego, analizó los métodos de termorregulación de la naturaleza, el nivel de biomimética y las estrategias desarrolladas por los seres vivos. Como resultado de los análisis, se amplió la información biológica relativa a los tres fenómenos seleccionados y se determinó cómo transferir el método de biomimética que podría estar en la envolvente del edificio. Se realizaron simulaciones de energía en la fachada de vidrio del baño Süleyman Pasha para evaluar la eficiencia energética de la envoltura. Se encontró que los métodos inspirados en la naturaleza contribuyeron significativamente al consumo de energía del edificio cuando se diseñaron los resultados de simulación de la fachada.The building industry, responsible for a large proportion of energy consumption, is looking for solutions to reduce energy consumption. This study proposes biomimetic facades to ensure thermal comfort. Firstly, it examined biomimetic façade systems in the literature. Then, it analyzed the thermoregulation methods of nature, the level of biomimicry, and the strategies used by living things. As a result of the analyses, biological information regarding the three selected phenomena was expanded upon, determining how to transfer the biomimicry method to a building envelope. Energy simulations were conducted on the glass façade of the Süleyman Pasha Bath to evaluate the envelope’s energy efficiency. It was found that nature-inspired methods significantly contributed to the building's energy consumption when examining the simulation results of the façade designed
Certificación de competencias laborales para el desarrollo sostenible
Full text linkCon el objetivo de Identificar la relación que guarda la certificación de competencias con la productividad de las empresas y el desarrollo sostenible. Utilizamos en la revisión, algunos elementos del enfoque sistémico de gestión por competencias y su relación con los objetivos de la agenda 2030 para el desarrollo sostenible propuesto por la Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Como resultado, se considera la certificación de competencias laborales como herramienta que fortalece las competencias de las personas, a la vez que contribuye a incrementar la rivalidad competitiva de las empresas y favorecer el desarrollo sostenible. Por su complejidad y extensión, se dejan fuera del análisis algunas de las variables que componen el enfoque sistémico de la competitividad.With the aim of identifying the relationship between competency certification and enterprise productivity and sustainable development, we utilized elements of the systemic competency management approach in our review, along with its connection to the objectives of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development proposed by the United Nations. As a result, labor competency certification is considered a tool that strengthens individuals' competencies while simultaneously enhancing the competitive rivalry of enterprises and promoting sustainable development. Due to their complexity and scope, certain variables constituting the systemic approach to competitiveness were excluded from the analysis
REPRESENTACIONES SOCIALES DE ESTUDIANTES DE ENSEÑANZA MEDIA EN LA CONVIVENCIA ESCOLAR DURANTE LA PANDEMIA COVID-19
Full text linkSocial representations allow us to understand the knowledge that is produced in communicative interaction, which takes place in a social context. The covid-19 pandemic and the sanitary measures taken at the school level had an impact on the social relations of students and on school coexistence. Coexistence is one of the key axes for the development of learning in educational communities, to promote democracy, inclusion, participation and peaceful conflict resolution. The objective of this research is to understand the construction of social representations about the school life of high school students from four educational establishments in Concepción. The methodology was developed from a comprehensive interpretative paradigm, with a qualitative approach; Semi-structured group interviews were used as an instrument for preparing information, which were analyzed through the thematic categorical analysis technique, where school coexistence was established as the main theme. For this, Nvivo was used as support software for the análisis carried out. The representations of the students were configured around the subjectivity of identity construction, communication and the norms that regulate the interactions within the school contexts.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22320/reined.v5i1.6234Las representaciones sociales permiten comprender aquellos conocimientos que se producen en la interacción comunicativa, que se desarrolla en un contexto social. La pandemia del COVID-19 y las medidas sanitarias tomadas a nivel escolar repercutieron en las relaciones sociales de los estudiantes y en la convivencia escolar. La convivencia es uno de los ejes claves para el desarrollo del aprendizaje en las comunidades educativas, para promover la democracia, la inclusión, la participación y resolución pacífica de conflictos. El objetivo de esta investigación es comprender la construcción de las representaciones sociales acerca de la convivencia escolar de los estudiantes de enseñanza media de cuatro establecimientos educativos de Concepción. La metodología se desarrolló desde un paradigma comprensivo interpretativo, con un enfoque cualitativo; como instrumento de elaboración de información se utilizaron entrevistas grupales semi estructuradas, las que fueron analizadas por medio de la técnica de análisis categorial temático, donde se estableció como tema principal la convivencia escolar. Para ello, se utilizó Nvivo como software de apoyo para el análisis realizado. Las representaciones de los estudiantes se configuraron en torno a la subjetividad de construcción identitaria, comunicación y las normas que regulan las interacciones dentro de los contextos escolares.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22320/reined.v5i1.623