Revistas Universidad del Bío-Bío
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Transformaciones territoriales y gobernanza hídrica: El caso del sistema de riego Laja-Diguillín en la comuna de Yungay, Chile
Full text linkLa investigación analiza las transformaciones territoriales vinculadas al Sistema de Riego Laja-Diguillín (SRLD) en la comuna de Yungay, Chile, abordando la compleja relación entre infraestructura hídrica y desarrollo territorial. A través de un análisis multidimensional, el estudio evidencia que las grandes obras de infraestructura hídrica no generan automáticamente las transformaciones territoriales proyectadas, sino que se insertan en una trama de relaciones socioespaciales preexistentes que median y reconfiguran sus impactos. La investigación revela una modernización selectiva y fragmentada del territorio, donde la significativa inversión en infraestructura tecnológica contrasta con estructuras territoriales resistentes al cambio. El análisis de la estructura productiva, las dinámicas sociodemográficas y la gobernanza del agua demuestra que las transformaciones territoriales siguen lógicas más complejas que la mera disponibilidad de infraestructura hídrica. Los hallazgos sugieren la necesidad de repensar el modelo de desarrollo territorial en contextos de grandes infraestructuras hídricas, complementando las inversiones técnicas con estrategias que atiendan las dimensiones socio-institucionales del desarrollo.This research examines the territorial transformations linked to the Laja-Diguillín Irrigation System (LDIS) in the commune of Yungay, Chile, analyzing the complex relationship between water infrastructure and territorial development. Through a multidimensional analysis, the study reveals that major water infrastructure projects do not automatically generate projected territorial transformations, but rather are embedded in a network of pre-existing socio-spatial relationships that mediate and reconfigure their impacts. The findings show selective and fragmented modernization of the territory, where significant investment in technological infrastructure contrasts with resistant territorial structures. The analysis of the productive structure, socio-demographic dynamics, and water governance demonstrates that territorial transformations follow more complex logics than mere infrastructure availability. The research highlights the need to rethink the territorial development model in contexts of large water infrastructures, complementing technical investments with strategies that address the socio-institutional dimensions of development
Variation in specific gravity and shrinkage of tapped rubberwood
Full text linkHevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), a major source of natural rubber, could also be an important source of lumber as senescence occurs. However, latex collection is known to affect Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) wood formation and consequently, wood properties. The impact tapping (cutting made in the bark of the tree for latex harvest) has on the tree and the way the tree responds after tapping is often overlooked. Knowledge on wood properties of tapped rubber trees in Nigeria would enhance its sustainable utilization which is especially important in developing countries where lumber is limited. Variation in specific gravity and shrinkage of rubberwood wood due to tapping duration was examined. Tapping duration had significant effect in specific gravity and longitudinal shrinkage of rubberwood but had no effect on tangential and radial shrinkage. The specific gravity (SG) of rubberwood ranged from 0,55 - 0,59. Longitudinal shrinkage (average 1,42 %) was higher than typically observed for mature wood. Average tangential shrinkage for rubberwood of all the ages was 5,37 % while radial shrinkage ranged from 2,87 % to 3,84 %. decrease in SG observed in trees tapped for 20 years may indicate the initiation of senescence. Tapped rubberwood could be used in areas not exposed to high moisture as well as in other wood composites
The effects of thermal aging on color and glossiness in UV cured coatings applied to sessile oak
Full text linkColor and glossiness are two important aesthetic properties of wood flooring and wood furniture that significantly affect consumers choice. With time the coating deteriorates altering the surface properties. Understanding these changes is important for furniture industry, impacting design choices, material selection, and long-term maintenance.
The effects of thermal aging (30 °C for 30 days, 60 °C for 60 days, and 90 °C for 90 days) on color parameters (C*, L*, b*. a*, ho) and glossiness on both perpendicular (⊥) and parallel (║) directions at 20°, 60°, and 85° angles in UV-cured coatings applied on sessile oak were studied. Results show that statistically significant differences were observed in the glossiness values, as well as in C*, b*, a*, L* and ho. As the temperature and duration of the thermal aging process increased, there was a noticeable increase in the values of color parameters b*, a*, and C*, while the values of ho and L* decreased. The characteristics of the surfaces exposed to thermal aging have undergone a complete transformation
Wood colorimetry of Lauraceae species native to Brazil
Full text linkConsidering the complexity and difficulty of identifying forest species, wooden disks were collected to verify the potential of colorimetry to distinguish native species from Araucaria Forest stands of the Lauraceae family. The following species were used: Nectandra megapotamica, Ocotea indecora, Ocotea diospyrifolia and Ocotea puberula. Nees, to provide data on these species that grow naturally in Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil, enriching a robust database that can be practically applied in the commercialization of native woods. Visible spectra and colorimetric parameters were obtained from each anatomical surface and the results were evaluated by comparing the mean of each species regarding radial trunk position and anatomical surface. The data were also submitted to principal component analysis and performance of discriminant models (k-NN, SVM and ANN) for species discrimination with raw and second-derivative data. In general, colorimetric data presented different behavior, and chromatic coordinates a* and b* had higher potential for distinguishing the species. According to the mean spectra, Ocotea indecora had reflectance values different from the other species. By principal component analysis, raw data indicated the separation only of Ocotea indecora, while second-derivative data allowed better distinction of species. In all discrimination models, second-derivative data produced the best results. Thus, the use of colorimetry has potential for wood distinction of the Lauraceae species evaluated, improving the oversight of illegally traded timber
Crecimiento urbano y vulnerabilidad al cambio climático de Calderón en el distrito Metropolitano de Quito, Ecuador
Full text linkThe parish of Calderón, located in the Metropolitan District of Quito, has a spatial dynamic characteristic of the expansion processes, with notable population growth, loss of agricultural land, and settlements in vulnerable areas. This research aimed to identify the vulnerability to climate change by analyzing urban growth in this parish to define measures for its climate change adaptation. A three-stage mixed approach methodology was used: the historical and spatial analysis of urban growth, the relationship between urban growth and vulnerability to climate change, and climate change adaptation measures in the parish of Calderón. The thirteen indicators analyzed show a medium-low risk level in their exposure and sensitivity components. However, the opposite is true for the adaptive capacity component, where vulnerability is high. The relationship between the parish’s urban growth and vulnerability to climate change is not direct. On the one hand, the expansion processes affect the territory and the population, causing environmental and social conflicts. On the other hand, factors immersed in urban expansion's spatial dynamics are revealed.La parroquia Calderón, ubicada en el Distrito Metropolitano de la ciudad de Quito, presenta una dinámica espacial característica de los procesos de expansión con un crecimiento poblacional notable, pérdida de suelo agrícola y asentamientos en áreas vulnerables. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar la vulnerabilidad al cambio climático mediante análisis del crecimiento urbano de la parroquia Calderón para definir medidas de adaptación al mismo. Se utilizó la metodología de enfoque mixto a través de tres etapas: análisis histórico y espacial del crecimiento urbano, relación entre el crecimiento urbano y vulnerabilidad al cambio climático y medidas de adaptación al cambio climático en la parroquia Calderón. Los trece indicadores analizados demuestran en sus componentes de exposición y sensibilidad un nivel medio bajo de riesgo, sin embargo, sucede lo contrario en el componente de capacidad adaptativa donde la vulnerabilidad es alta. La relación entre el crecimiento urbano de la parroquia y la vulnerabilidad al cambio climático no es directa. Por una parte, los procesos de expansión afectan al territorio y a la población, originando conflictos ambientales y sociales y, por otra, se evidencian factores que están inmersos en la propia dinámica espacial de la expansión urbana
Un análisis del impacto de la certificación EDGE en edificaciones: el caso de Perú
Full text linkAs certificações ambientais foram implementadas no setor de construção pelos benefícios da redução do impacto ambiental, da melhoria da eficiência energética e do uso da água, entre outros. Nesse sentido, a certificação EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) foi adotada em mais de 140 países nos últimos anos. Entretanto, apesar de sua popularidade, a literatura sobre os impactos no meio ambiente é escassa em nível global e latino-americano. Portanto, o artigo a seguir analisará o uso do EDGE em projetos habitacionais no Peru e mostrará as estratégias empregadas nos estudos de caso para reduzir o impacto ambiental. Para isso, é realizada uma revisão da literatura sobre EDGE e uma análise de dezoito projetos de construção peruanos, sendo que as principais economias médias obtidas são: 27,6% em energia, 41,2% em água e 51,81% em carbono incorporado em materiais. O estudo a seguir é uma contribuição para os profissionais do setor de construção interessados em implementar a certificação EDGE em seus projetos, pois mostra os impactos ambientais gerados por esse tipo de certificação.Environmental certifications have been implemented in the construction sector because of the benefits of reduced environmental impact, improved energy efficiency, and water use, among others. In recent years, the EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) certification has been adopted in more than 140 countries. However, despite its popularity, the literature on its environmental impacts worldwide and in Latin America is scarce. Therefore, the following article will analyze the use of EDGE in housing projects in Peru and show the strategies employed in the case studies to reduce the environmental impact. The main average savings obtained were 27.6% in energy, 41.2% in water, and 51.81% in embodied carbon in materials. The following study aids professionals in the construction sector interested in implementing EDGE certification in their projects, as it will show the environmental impacts generated by this certification.Las certificaciones ambientales, se han implementado en el sector de la construcción por los beneficios de reducción del impacto ambiental, mejora de la eficiencia energética, uso de agua, entre otros. En ese sentido, en los últimos años se ha adoptado en más de ciento cuarenta países la certificación EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies). Sin embargo, pese a su popularidad; la literatura sobre los impactos en el medio ambiente, es escasa a nivel mundial y latinoamericano. Por ello, el siguiente artículo analizará el uso de EDGE en proyectos de vivienda en el Perú y mostrará las estrategias empleadas en los casos de estudio para disminuir el impacto ambiental. Para ello, se realiza una revisión literaria de EDGE y un análisis de dieciocho proyectos de edificaciones peruanos, los principales ahorros promedio obtenidos, son: 27.6% en Energía, 41.2% en Agua y 51.81% en Carbono Incorporado en Materiales. El siguiente estudio significa un aporte a los profesionales del sector construcción interesados en implementar la certificación EDGE en sus proyectos, ya que se evidencian los impactos ambientales que genera este tipo de certificación
AQUÍ FALTAN PROFESORAS Y PROFESORES: ESTUDIO DEL DÉFICIT DOCENTE EN LA REGIÓN DE TARAPACÁ
Full text linkThis reflective article focuses on considering the process of teacher deficit in Chile, from scientific literature and specifically visualizing the Tarapacá region through the work of primary information from public entities. In this sense, it is necessary to make visible and expose some factors that have an impact, presenting a multidimensional situation and uncovering the professional teaching needs that our educational system would have and deepen for further studies in the near future.El presente artículo de reflexión se centra en poder considerar el proceso de déficit docente que tiene Chile, desde literatura científica y visualizar específicamente la región de Tarapacá mediante el trabajo de información primaria de entidades públicas. En este sentido, se hace necesario visibilizar y exponer algunos factores que inciden, presentando una situación multidimensional y dejar en descubierto las necesidades profesionales docentes que tendría nuestro sistema educativo y profundizar para estudios posteriores en un futuro cercano
TRAYECTORIAS DE LOS COORDINADORES PEDAGÓGICOS ANTE LA FORMACIÓN PERMANENTE EN LA ESCUELA
Full text linkEste artículo presenta reflexiones sobre la formación continua de profesores a partir de la narrativa de la trayectoria profesional de coordinadores pedagógicos del estado de Ceará. El análisis tiene como objetivo discutir cómo la trayectoria de formación de dos coordinadores pedagógicos ha reverberado en su trabajo en la formación docente continua en la escuela. Se basa teóricamente en los estudios de Placco y Souza, García, Imbernón, Alarcão y Vieira; y, desde el punto de vista metodológico, encuentra apoyo en el abordaje de la investigación cualitativa desde la perspectiva postulada por Lüdke y André, en la observación de los aspectos dialécticos y subjetividades de los sujetos propuestos por Ghedin y Franco (2011), así como en la entrevista narrativa a dos coordinadores cearenses que vivieron la función en diferentes períodos, referenciados en Passeggi, Delory-Momberger y Falcão y Farias. A partir del análisis de las narrativas, se puede concluir que los coordinadores pedagógicos desempeñan un papel importante en la formación de sus pares en el contexto escolar, aunque se trate de una actividad permeada por numerosas dificultades. La praxis de estos coordinadores, evidenciada por las narrativas analizadas, ha tejido formas de enfrentar los desafíos encontrados en su trabajo pedagógico.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47149/pemo.v5.e11236This article presents reflections on the continuing education of teachers from the narrative of the trajectory of action of pedagogical coordinators from Ceará. The analysis aims to discuss how the formative trajectory of two pedagogical coordinators reverberated in their actions in the continuing education of teachers in the school. It is theoretically supported by the studies of Placco and Souza, García, Imbernón, Alarcão and Vieira; and, from the methodological point of view, it finds support in the qualitative research approach in the perspective postulated by Lüdke and André, in the observance of the dialectical aspects and subjectivities of the subjects as proposed by Ghedin and Franco, as well as in the narrative interview with two coordinators from Ceará who experienced the function in different periods, referenced in Passeggi, Delory-Momberger (2012), and Falcão and Farias. From the analysis of the narratives, it is concluded that the pedagogical coordinators play an important role in the formation of their peers in the school context, although this is a performance permeated by numerous difficulties. The praxis of these coordinators, as evidenced by the narratives examined, has woven ways of coping with the challenges encountered to account for their pedagogical activities.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47149/pemo.v5.e1123
El proyecto de Magdalena Gutiérrez: poética del habitar en el Desierto de Atacama. Los cuatro modos de gestión del clima
Full text linkEl estudio aborda la problemática de las formas de habitar en entornos ecológicos frágiles, como los son los oasis en los desiertos. Es así como el oasis de San Pedro de Atacama presenta en la actualidad una disminución de su área agrícola debido a la urbanización y el turismo, afectando la sostenibilidad de las prácticas tradicionales de cultivo y poniendo en riesgo el equilibrio ecológico y cultural de este paraje atacameño. El artículo expone estrategias sostenibles de diseño para el habitar contemporáneamente en entornos frágiles, examinando cualidades térmicas y estrategias de control climático aplicado al caso de la Casa Taller de Magdalena Gutiérrez, utilizando los principios de Lisa Heschong y Eva Horn, se incluye en esta revisión los modos de gestión climática de Reyner Banham. La metodología empleada combina un análisis arquitectónico y etnográfico, estructurado en tres etapas: selección de obras, construcción del marco conceptual, análisis y sistematización de la obra. Se utilizaron modelos, fotografías, mapas y esquemas para contrastar teorías y cualidades térmicas y culturales con evidencias de la obra. Los criterios de clasificación incluyeron la evaluación de características como el grado de privacidad de las áreas y recintos, ventilación, iluminación, aislamiento térmico y métodos de calefacción, se empleó una calificación binaria para la evaluación sistemática. Los resultados destacaron que la Casa Taller es manifestación del habitar poético en la exterioridad del desierto de Atacama, sugiriendo una vocación para actividades comunitarias. Las cualidades lumínicas revelaron un diseño estratégico que maximiza la luz natural controlada, utilizando aberturas y claraboyas. Se concluyó que la casa Taller representa una expresión del “Regionalismo Crítico revisitado”, en este enfoque, la relación "sitio-forma" es fundamental, equilibrando la técnica local con la cultural y el entorno natural. Esta obra ofrece un modelo sostenible para habitar en entornos frágiles, en el que se integra adecuadamente el diseño arquitectónico con las condiciones climáticas y culturales del lugar.O estudo aborda o problema das formas de vida em ambientes ecológicos frágeis, como oásis em desertos. Assim, o oásis de San Pedro de Atacama está sofrendo atualmente uma redução em sua área agrícola devido à urbanização e ao turismo, afetando a sustentabilidade das práticas agrícolas tradicionais e colocando em risco o equilíbrio ecológico e cultural dessa paisagem do Atacama. O artigo apresenta estratégias de design sustentável para a vida contemporânea em ambientes frágeis, examinando as qualidades térmicas e as estratégias de controle climático aplicadas ao caso da Casa Taller de Magdalena Gutiérrez, usando os princípios de Lisa Heschong e Eva Horn, incluindo os modos de gestão climática de Reyner Banham. A metodologia empregada combina uma análise arquitetônica e etnográfica, estruturada em três etapas: seleção de obras, construção da estrutura conceitual, análise e sistematização da obra. Modelos, fotografias, mapas e diagramas foram usados para contrastar teorias e qualidades térmicas e culturais com evidências do trabalho. Os critérios de classificação incluíram a avaliação de características como o grau de privacidade de áreas e recintos, ventilação, iluminação, isolamento térmico e métodos de aquecimento, e uma classificação binária foi usada para a avaliação sistemática. Os resultados destacaram que a Casa Taller é uma manifestação de moradia poética na exterioridade do deserto do Atacama, sugerindo uma vocação para atividades comunitárias. As qualidades de iluminação revelaram um projeto estratégico que maximiza a luz natural controlada, usando aberturas e claraboias. Concluiu-se que a casa-ateliê representa uma expressão do "Regionalismo Crítico revisitado". Nessa abordagem, a relação "local-forma" é fundamental, equilibrando a técnica local com o ambiente cultural e natural. Esse trabalho oferece um modelo sustentável para viver em ambientes frágeis, no qual o projeto arquitetônico é devidamente integrado às condições climáticas e culturais do local.This study addresses the issue of living in fragile ecological environments, such as oases in deserts. Currently, the oasis of San Pedro de Atacama is experiencing a decrease in its agricultural area due to urbanization and tourism, affecting the sustainability of traditional farming practices and putting at risk the ecological and cultural balance of this Atacamenian locale. The article presents sustainable design strategies for contemporary living in fragile environments, examining thermal qualities and climate control strategies applied to the “Workshop House” or Casa Taller of Magdalena Gutiérrez. Using the principles of Lisa Heschong and Eva Horn, the review also includes Reyner Banham's climate management modes. The methodology combines architectural and ethnographic analysis, structured in three stages: selection of works, construction of the conceptual framework, and analysis and systematization. Models, photographs, maps, and diagrams were used to contrast theories and thermal and cultural qualities with evidence from the work. Classification criteria included evaluating characteristics such as the degree of privacy of areas and rooms, ventilation, lighting, thermal insulation, and heating methods, with a binary rating employed for systematic evaluation. The results highlighted that Casa Taller manifests poetic living in the exteriority of the Atacama Desert, suggesting a vocation for community activities. The lighting qualities revealed a strategic design that maximizes controlled daylight, utilizing openings and skylights. It was concluded that the Casa Taller represents an expression of "Revisited Critical Regionalism." The "site-form" relationship is fundamental in this approach, balancing local techniques with cultural and natural surroundings. This work offers a sustainable model for living in fragile environments, where architectural design is appropriately integrated with the place’s climatic and cultural conditions
Rentabilidad de empresas constructoras en Chile ¿Cómo afecta el capital de trabajo y su apalancamiento financiero?
No full textEl presente trabajo de investigación se centró en modelar el desempeño financiero de empresas constructoras chilenas mediante regresiones lineales de efectos fijos y mixtos, utilizando el margen bruto trimestral como indicador de rentabilidad. Entre los modelos evaluados, se determinó que el modelo de efectos mixtos con efectos aleatorios por empresa mostró el mejor ajuste al conjunto de datos, con un coeficiente de determinación estimado (R2) de 0,92, siendo significativos variables como el CT, el CT cuadrático y la tasa de endeudamiento a corto plazo. La combinación de efectos del CT cuadrático y no cuadrático indicó que el impacto positivo del CT en el margen se hace evidente a partir de una tasa del 42% sobre los activos totales.The focus of this work was on modeling the financial performance of Chilean construction companies using linear fixed and mixed effects regressions, using quarterly gross margin as an indicator of profitability. Among the models evaluated, it was determined that the mixed effects model with random effects per company showed the best fit to the data set, with an estimated coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.92, with variables such as TC, TC being significant. quadratic and the short-term debt rate. The combination of quadratic and non-quadratic CT effects indicated that the positive impact of CT on margin is evident from a rate of 42% on total assets