Revistas Universidad del Bío-Bío
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EDUCADORES SIGNIFICATIVOS “UN APORTE PARA LAS HABILIDADES SOCIOEMOCIONALES DEL ESTUDIANTADO”
Full text linkPara que en Chile emerjan habilidades sociales y emocionales en el estudiantado más que situaciones donde se involucre la violencia o problemas de salud mental, se debe comprender que estas últimas son consecuencia de la carencia de habilidades socioemocionales. Para resolver esta problemática es importante identificar bajo qué rol está trabajando el docente, si desde instructor o educador, ya que, el último es el que aporta significativamente en la mejora de estas habilidades. También se reconoce la importancia de reflexionar y tomar decisiones en base a los Niveles de Complejidad e Impacto para el aprendizaje como forma de evaluar las decisiones y comprender de qué forma están impactando en el estudiantado los docentes, ya que, son los principales actores responsables de contribuir positivamente en sus alumnos siempre y cuando se conviertan en educadores significativos.In order for social and emotional skills to emerge in Chile, rather than situations involving violence or mental health problems, it must be understood that the latter are a consequence of the lack of socio-emotional skills. To solve this problem, it is important to identify under which role the teacher is working, whether as instructor or educator, since the latter is the one that contributes significantly to the improvement of these skills. The importance of reflecting and making decisions based on the Levels of Complexity and Impact for learning is also recognized as a way to evaluate decisions and understand how teachers are impacting students, since they are the main actors responsible for contributing positively to their students as long as they become significant educators
INCIDENCIA DE LA ANSIEDAD ANTE LA EVALUACIÓN EN LA COMPRENSIÓN LECTORA DE ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA
Full text linkEn esta investigación se evalúa la incidencia de la ansiedad ante la evaluación en la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de educación secundaria de un colegio particular subvencionado de Chillán para contribuir al análisis que se realiza para explicar los resultados descendidos en las pruebas de comprensión lectora. La investigación tiene un enfoque cuantitativo de alcance correlacional, los participantes fueron 107 estudiantes distribuidos entre 61 hombres y 71 mujeres. Los instrumentos utilizados en la investigación fueron la prueba del nivel del Ministerio de Educación con 30 preguntas de alternativa y el Cuestionario de Ansiedad ante los Exámenes (CAEX) Este instrumento, consta de 39 ítems que miden la ansiedad ante los exámenes considerando las respuestas motoras, verbales y cognitivas. Los resultados permitieron corroborar la tesis de la investigación y muestran que efectivamente los resultados descendidos están directamente relacionados con un mayor nivel de ansiedad, el que también se observa más elevado en las mujeres. Los estudiantes que presentan un nivel de ansiedad muy alto, presentan también resultados muy bajos en la prueba de lenguaje. Estos resultados confirman la relación entre estas variables, razón por la cual se hace necesario implementar estrategias que ayuden a los jóvenes a regular la ansiedad, ya que los malos resultados podrían no deberse a una mala comprensión sino a unos niveles elevados de ansiedad ante los exámenes.This research evaluates anxiety before reading comprehension assessment in secondary school students of a private subsidized school in Chillán, in order to contribute to the analysis carried out to explain the decreased results in reading comprehension tests. The research has a quantitative approach of correlational scope, the participants were 107 students distributed among 61 males and 71 females. The instruments used in the research were the Ministry of Education level test with 30 alternative questions and the Test Anxiety Questionnaire (CAEX). This instrument consists of 39 items that measure test anxiety considering motor, verbal and cognitive responses. The results corroborated the thesis of the research and show that indeed the lower scores are directly related to a higher level of anxiety, which is also observed to be higher in women. Students who present a very high level of anxiety also present very low results in the language test. These results confirm the relationship between these variables, which is why it is necessary to implement strategies that help young people to regulate their anxiety, since poor results may not be due to poor comprehension but to high levels of test anxiety
PENSAMIENTO COMPUTACIONAL, EDUCACIÓN STEM Y LA EDUCACIÓN INFORMÁTICA: CUESTIONES PENDIENTES
Full text linkThis paper examines the rise of the phrase Computational Thinking (CT) in the field of education, from the perspective of the computational revolutions of the last 20 years and their impact on education. Paying special attention to said context, the paper challenges educational initiatives for basic CT as the solution for the educational problems of today and sets guidelines for the didactic approach for CT grounded on the theoretical foundations of the didactics of programming. The purpose of the paper is to contribute to the development of a didactic model for computational science from the discipline of Informatics Education.
DOI: https//doi.org/10.48163/rseus.2021.9145-59El artículo examina el auge de la expresión Pensamiento Computacional (PC) en el campo educativo, desde la perspectiva de las transformaciones producidas por la computación en los últimos 20 años y su impacto en la educación. Prestando particular atención a dicho contexto, se cuestionan las iniciativas educativas para el PC como solución al problema educativo para la educación de hoy y se establecen lineamientos para el abordaje didáctico del PC desde los aportes de la didáctica de la programación. El objetivo es problematizar el enfoque didáctico del PC desde la perspectiva de la Educación Informática como base para el modelo didáctico de las ciencias computacionales.
DOI: https//doi.org/10.48163/rseus.2021.9145-5
MANEJO EMOCIONAL DURANTE PANDEMIA: PRÁCTICAS DE ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS CON TRAYECTORIA CONTINUA
Full text linkLa pandemia ha marcado nuestra cotidianeidad de muchas maneras, dejando sobre todo un rastro fuerte de cambios en las rutinas y en las prioridades que se les asignan a distintos aspectos de la vida. Cualquier cambio, y más el de esta naturaleza, tiene un efecto emocional considerable, y muchos estudios lo han abordado desde el estrés, la ansiedad y otras emociones negativas. Este escrito reporta la detectada intensificación de la emotividad en general, tanto negativa y positiva, y tiene por objetivo compartir el hallazgo de que, en estudiantes de trayectoria continua, esta intensificación fue acompañada por un fuerte incremento en manejo emocional. En los resultados de este estudio comparativo ex post facto se detallan las estrategias de manejo emocional en estudiantes de licenciatura y posgrado, con base en las áreas experiencial y estratégica de la inteligencia emocional como capacidad de Mayer, Salovey y Caruso (2016). Las tendencias de control de emotividad positiva y de aceptación de la emotividad negativa, con sus matices según el nivel educativo, marcan pauta para la triangulación de los hallazgos en la futura etapa cualitativa del proyecto de investigación en curso.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48102/rieeb.2023.3.2.42The pandemic has marked our daily lives in many ways, leaving above all a strong trail of changes in routines and in the priorities that we assign to different aspects of our lives. Any change, and more one of this nature, has a considerable emotional effect, which has been approached in many studies from stress, anxiety, and other negative emotions. This paper reports the detected intensification of emotionality in general, both negative and positive, and aims to share the finding that, in continuous educational path students, this intensification was accompanied by a strong increase in emotional management. The results of this comparative ex post facto study detail the emotional handling strategies in undergraduate and graduate students, based on the experiential and strategic areas of emotional intelligence capacity of Mayer, Salovey & Caruso (2016). Tendencies of control of positive emotion and acceptance of negative emotion, with their nuances according to educational levels, set the ground for the triangulation of the findings in the future qualitative stage of the ongoing research project.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48102/rieeb.2023.3.2.4
Characterization of nanocellulose/pyrolysis oil nanocomposite films
Full text linkIn this study, the sustainable recycling of tire waste, which is frequently formed in the automotive industry, and the transformation of this recycling into valuable materials are in question. Waste tire pyrolysis oil obtained as a result of the pyrolysis of tire wastes was evaluated for the first time as a reinforcement element in nanocellulose-based nanocomposite films. Nanocellulose was produced using the TEMPO method (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl radical). 5 %, 10 % and 20 % pyrolysis oil were added to the nanocomposite films. Thermal (thermal gravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermomechanical (dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and morphological (scanning electron microscopy) characterization of the produced nanocomposite films were performed. The highest thermal stability was observed in the nanocellulose/ pyrolysis oil-20 sample with 20% pyrolysis oil additive. The pyrolysis oil-reinforced nanocomposites resulted in an excellent increase in storage and loss modulus. The storage modulus of the 20 % pyrolysis oil added sample at 100 °C was exactly 18 times that of pure nanocellulose. Nanocellulose-based nanocomposite films with superior thermal properties and structural compatibility demonstrated by characterized results have been shown to be pioneers in future industrial applications such as pharmacy, coating, green packaging
Usability of fractometer for the purpose of a practical preliminary assessment tool for wood density of Pinus brutia
Full text linkThe fractometer is a device that breaks increment cores to measure fracture strength. The advantages of the device are that it is relatively fast, easy to use in the field, and it can perform direct strength measurements on increment cores. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the usability of the fractometer as a preliminary evaluation tool for wood density traits of standing Turkish Pinus brutia (red pine) trees. Fracture strength was measured on 5 mm diameter increment cores, and X-ray densitometry was used for density measurements. Due to the high correlation between the two traits (fracture and density), a model was built using linear regression. Fifty trees were sampled to build the statistical model (r2: 0,74), and an equal sample size was used to test the model. The density value obtained from the model was 0,546 gcm-3, while the density value averaged by the X-ray method for the same group was 0,543 gcm-3. When considering mean values, it can be said that the model provides a good prediction. Based on personal experience and research results, some trees exhibited better growth and wood quality traits than others. Breeding from these trees could offer improvement in tim- ber production and performance for Pinus brutia (red pine). As a general consequence, the fractometer and increment core sampling can be used for pine tree breeding programs for the preliminary assessment of wood density
Imaginarios del poemario Cipango de Thomas Harris. Espacios baldíos, represión y violencia en la calle Orompello de Concepción
Full text linkEn este estudio se busca presentar los imaginarios de la calle Orompello de Concepción, Chile, descritos en el poemario Cipango (1992) de Thomas Harris. Para ello, se realizó un análisis cualitativo interpretativo del poemario por medio de fichas de lectura, se comparó con los hechos históricos acaecidos en el lugar y una entrevista semiestructurada con el autor para ahondar en ciertos significados presentes en el texto. Los resultados arrojaron que el espacio urbano y el habitar presentes en el relato, conforman una heterotopía transformada en distopía, situada en un contexto atemporal producto de una violencia primigenia que data de la época del descubrimiento de América y que es reproducida no solamente por la dictadura de Pinochet, sino también por el Estado en democracia. Los habitantes de este lugar se ven sumergidos en una atmósfera marginal de represión y devastación, transformando el lugar en un baldío. Estas características y sucesos hacen de calle Orompello un lugar inhabitable, pero lleno de significado.This study seeks to present the imaginaries of Orompello Street in Concepción, Chile, described in the poetry book Cipango (1992) by Thomas Harris. To do this, a qualitative interpretive analysis of the collection of poems was carried out through reading cards. It was compared with the historical events that occurred in the place and a semi-structured interview with the author to delve into certain meanings present in the text. The results showed that the urban space and the living present in the story make up a heterotopia transformed into dystopia, located in a timeless context, the product of primordial violence that dates back to the time of the discovery of America and that is reproduced not only by the dictatorship of Pinochet but also by the State in democracy. The inhabitants of this place are immersed in a marginal atmosphere of repression and devastation, transforming the place into a wasteland. These characteristics and events make Orompello Street an uninhabitable place but full of meaning.Este estudo se propõe a apresentar os imaginários da rua Orompello, em Concepción, Chile, descritos no livro de poesias Cipango (1992), de Thomas Harris. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise qualitativa interpretativa do livro de poemas por meio de fichas de leitura, uma comparação com fatos históricos ocorridos no local e uma entrevista semiestruturada com o autor, de forma a penetrar em determinados significados presentes no texto. Os resultados mostraram que o espaço urbano e o habitat presentes no relato compõem uma heterotopia transformada em distopia, situada em um contexto atemporal, fruto de uma violência primordial que data da época do descobrimento da América e é reproduzida não só pela ditadura de Pinochet, mas também pelo Estado na democracia. Os habitantes desse lugar estão submersos em uma atmosfera marginal de repressão e devastação, transformando o local em um terreno baldio. Essas características e eventos fazem da Rua Orompello um lugar inabitável, mas cheio de significado
Fire performance of Pinus taeda wood treated with zinc borate before and after leaching
Full text linkOwing to its physico-mechanical properties, wood is widely used in housing for both outdoor structures and indoors in floors, ceilings and others. However, its vulnerability to fire makes protection necessary for occupant safety and damage prevention. In this study, the fire performance of Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) wood from northeastern Uruguay treated with zinc borate synthetized in our laboratory is tested. The effect of leaching on zinc borate fire retardant properties was also evaluated. The following parameters associated with the thermal degradation process of wood were analyzed: flame spread, carbonized area, carbonization index and mass loss. The wood was radially and tangentially exposed to the flame in a Vandersall tunnel under controlled conditions for three exposure times: 30, 60, and 80 seconds. The micromorphology of the surfaces exposed to the flame at each exposure time was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope in order to evaluate fiber damage, zinc borate distribution within the wood, and the effects of leaching on fire performance. A clear improvement in the fire resistance of the zinc borate -treated wood could be verified for all exposure times; leaching did not affect its fire retardant properties despite the harsh conditions of the test, making the product potentially suitable for outdoor use
Toxicity and repellency of chlorpyrifos nanocapsules against subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus
Full text linkChlorpyrifos is widely used in agricultural and building industries to control many insects including termites. However, its low aqueous solubility and tendency to decompose under sunlight results in decrease in its efficiency. In the present study, chlorpyrifos was encapsulated into nano-sized poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydrite) using a mini-emulsion in-situ polymerization method to improve the effective utilization rate. The termiticidal properties of nanocapsules at different concentrations (1 - 25 wt%) were tested against subterranean termite; Coptotermes curvignathus. Results of Choice bioassays shows that chlorpyrifos nanocapsules are strongly toxic to Coptotermes curvignathus. The filter paper feeding inhibition and repellent bioassay show a significant feeding inhibition (> 60 %) at lowest concentration of chlorpyrifos nanocapsules. The highest mortality rate of termites (90 %) after 24-h exposure was observed in the sample treated with the highest concentration of chlorpyrifos nanocapsules (25 wt%). Results obtained from this study show that chlorpyrifos nanocapsules have a strong termiticidal property against Coptotermes curvignathus. This indicates that the nanoencapsulation of biocides chlorpyrifos opens a real potential of new and advanced wood preservation technology
Acervo documental de José Vial: aportes para el estudio de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Valparaíso
Full text linkEste artigo é dedicado a apresentar o trabalho sobre o acervo documental pessoal do arquiteto José Vial Armstrong (1926-1983), parte do grupo fundador da Escola de Arquitetura de Valparaíso. O trabalho baseou-se na identificação, revisão, ordenação e classificação de quase mil documentos teóricos inéditos, que fornecem novas percepções sobre o trabalho individual de Vial Armstrong e o papel que ele desempenhou no coletivo. Considerando a proposta de revisitar as fontes da arquitetura moderna de acordo com Panayotis Tournikiotis (2014). Este artigo é desenvolvido para identificar como o estudo do acervo documental de Vial tornaria o autor visível na historiografia da arquitetura moderna no Chile, bem como para compreender o papel do arquiteto dentro da Escola à qual pertencia e, portanto, revisar novas informações sobre essa instituição acadêmica.This article presents the work on the personal documentary collection of the architect José Vial Armstrong (1926-1983), part of the founding group of the School of Architecture of Valparaíso. This was based on identifying, reviewing, organizing, and classifying almost a thousand unpublished theoretical documents, providing new insights into his individual work and role within the group. Considering the proposal to revisit the sources of modern architecture, according to Panayotis Tournikiotis (2014), this article aims to demonstrate how the study of Vial's documentary collection would make the author visible in the historiography of modern architecture in Chile, as well as to understand the role of the architect within the School to which he belonged, and, therefore, to review new information about this institution.Este artículo se dedica a presentar el trabajo en torno al acervo documental personal del arquitecto José Vial Armstrong (1926-1983), parte del grupo fundador de la Escuela de Arquitectura de Valparaíso. Éste se basó en identificar, revisar, ordenar y clasificar casi mil documentos teóricos inéditos, que entregan nuevas aristas al trabajo individual de Vial Armstrong como el rol que cumplió al interior del colectivo. Considerando la propuesta de volver a revisar las fuentes de la arquitectura moderna según Panayotis Tournikiotis (2014). Este artículo se desarrolla en identificar cómo el estudio del acervo documental de Vial, permitiría visibilizar al autor en la historiografía de la arquitectura moderna en Chile, a la vez de comprender el rol del arquitecto al interior de la Escuela a la que perteneció y por lo tanto, revisar nuevos antecedentes sobre esta institución académica