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Identification and Quantitation of Unspecified Impurities Discovered in Novel Oral Irinotecan by LC-MS/MS and UHPLC
Get PDFIrinotecan is a cancer medication approved for medical use in the United States in 1996. It is currently administered via intravenous injection. However, intravenous dosing has disadvantages such as requirement of administration by a trained professional in a medical facility, possible severe adverse effects, pain at the injection site, and possible hemolysis if injected too rapidly. Previously oral administration was not feasible because the p-glycoprotein (p-GP) on the cell membrane of stomach cells acts as a defense mechanism against harmful substances by pumping the irinotecan back into the intestinal lumen for excretion. With the discovery of the p-GP inhibitor encequidar by Athenex Pharmaceuticals, the combination of oral encequidar and irinotecan allowed for the convenience of oral administration of irinotecan. This project reports the detection, structural identification, and control of unspecified impurities in the oral irinotecan product. Analytical techniques used to quantitate and monitor the impurities in the oral irinotecan include high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) equipped with ultraviolet visible light detector (UV-Vis) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Basic principles and method development via these analytical techniques and other quality control techniques will be discussed
Reinforcement Practicality for Middle School Students: A Meta-Analysis
Get PDFThe need for evolving support interventions that can help students in a wide range of settings is an ongoing requirement for middle schools today. Token reinforcement, which is a form of extrinsic motivation and incentivization, is studied within this meta-analysis to determine if significant treatment effects exist overall and if there are studies that show more gains than others. Most studies report significant positive gains individually, but the statistical significance is lost when the studies are reviewed as a whole. Variables such as sample size requirements, treatment effect variation, and session time all influence treatment effect size. Reinforcement has been shown to be a viable strategy for differentiation, but the area of standardization has yet to be adequately addressed within past and present research. Some effect size traits reported from the literature are supported within this meta-analysis, but the sampling, analysis, and interpretation protocols exhibited by certain studies make it difficult to remove bias and confounding within reinforcement studies. Further research avenues and additional considerations are discussed
Pilot Study of the Dynamic Early Literacy Framework for Implementation of Science of Reading Aligned Instruction
Get PDFA growing, research-based consensus supports addressing our nation’s literacy crisis through instruction aligned with the Science of Reading (SoR). We recognize, however, that the complexity of SoR content, alongside the multiplicity of instructional decisions and practices, and the unique features of each classroom and school, make simple implementation designs unlikely to achieve desired results. To guide schools in developing higher levels of SoR-aligned early literacy instruction, we developed the Dynamic Early Literacy Framework (DELF). The DELF primarily serves as a framework to guide inquiry and innovation of SoR-aligned early literacy drivers, while documenting progress as well as identifying change priorities. The framework addresses growth across four defined stages for each of the seven drivers: School Leadership & Culture; Comprehensive Early Literacy Assessment System; Evidenced-Based Core and Intervention Curriculum; Evidenced-Based Instructional Practices; Supervision & Evaluation; Coaching and Professional Development; and Family and Community Engagement. This article reports findings from a one year qualitative pilot investigation of the DELF in three school sites and the K-2 central instructional support team in kindergarten through second grades. Findings suggest the use of the tool had a positive impact in framing inquiry of the current literacy model and development of action plans across various stakeholders. Discussion includes lessons learned and implications for future researc
Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus) seasonal diet, drift impacts, and influence on stream connectivity in Great Lakes tributary streams
Get PDFSeasonality, energy recruitment, and food web position dictate the degree of impact fish impose on their surrounding environment. In the Great Lakes, the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is known to out-migrate from nearshore habitat to offshore depths in the winter months. However, in Great Lake tributaries, round goby populations were found up to 25 km upstream during winter months, and distance upstream was a predictor of out-migration propensity; populations farthest upstream did not out-migrate. Seasonal resources shaped the diet and condition of these fish thus creating inland populations with different average lengths, diets, and body condition compared to one another. In some streams, round goby winter diets consisted of net-spinning caddis flies and amphipods whereas in others they primarily selected chironomid larvae.
Across seasons, in-situ round goby foraging impacted upstream-downstream energy connections by reducing midge abundance in drift and affecting amphipod benthic abundance. In artificial stream mesocosm trials, round goby reduced amphipod diel drift through behavior cues and predation. Since round goby are known to consume pre-emergent taxa such as larval caddis, chironomids, and mayflies, this potentially allows them to impact stream-to-riparian resource linkages. Riparian predator abundance was found to be impacted by the amount of pre-emergent taxa in drift, however, round goby presence alone was not found to impair this resource pathway
BIO622
No full textFundamental principles and processes of animal development with emphasis on molecular and cell mechanisms underlying differentiation, pattern formation, morphogenesis, and regeneration. Topics include fertilization, cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis. Experimental paradigms and techniques explored through primary literature
BIO661
No full textTheory and practice of quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), a technique used to quantify nucleic acid molecules in biological and environmental samples. Experimental design, instrumentation, data analysis, and MIQE standards will be emphasized
DSA688
No full textInternship and team project (aka Professional Labs). In the internship, students participate in activities within an industry setting to solve real world data science problems and to learn how to be part of the real-world work environment. In the Professional Lab, students become part of a problem-solving team to learn how to solve real-world data science problem and learn typical roles in a data science team
PHY320
No full textIntroduction to advanced mathematical applications in physics: complex numbers, linear algebra, eigenvalue problems, multiple integrals, vector analysis, Fourier series and transforms, differential equations, and Legendre polynomials. (Required for physics majors.
FLM630
No full textConstruction of the second and third acts of a screenplay and development of a marketing plan. Part two of a two-part Writing the Feature Screenplay sequence
FLM641
No full textExploration of film sound and its use in furthering the dramatic impact of cinematic storytelling. Focus on both production and post-production processes of sound design