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Absolute Authority of Literary Criticism and Limited Freedom of Creative Writing: John Keats and Nikolai Gogol as Examples
Get PDFThe question of the paradoxical relationship and misunderstanding between literary criticism and creative literature is a time-honored one. Throughout many centuries, the creative writer has been viewed as the master of his craft, aware of its secrets and challenges so that it finally comes out as a self-contained entity. The critical faculty is often attributed to the creative writer himself such as Ben Jonson, Philip Sidney, John Dryden, Alexander Pope, Matthew Arnold, Dr. Johnson…etc. Only in the last two centuries or so, was there a kind of critical autonomy where the critic could find a niche for him/herself and show his competitive spirit with creative writers. The present paper seeks to show how certain British and Russian critics have played havoc in the lives and writings of John Keats (1795-1821) and Nikolai Gogol (1809-1852). The paper concludes by stating that literary criticism can be subversive and its aftermath might be very catastrophic. Even so, the spark of creativity will always be gleaming and enticing writers to its fascinating and seductive worlds. The paper comprises three parts. The first one is introductory in that it describes the nature of criticism, its rules, and restrictions. Also it refers to critics’ conscious or unconscious breaching of these regulations. Review of related literature helps in showing the different approaches and treatment of the current topic. The main argument explores how some literary critics in England and Russia in the nineteenth century played a malicious role in the lives and works of John Keats and Nikolai Gogol through imposing their convictions on creative writers. The conclusion is a final assessment of this complex relationship between critics and creative writers and how the misconception between the two parties is too wide to be bridged or overcome
Chinese Public Attitude towards the Treatment of International Students Studying in China: Reality and Recommendations
Get PDFInternational student education is an important aspect of China’s higher education opening-up. However, in recent years, negative incidents about the treatment of international students in China have appeared on the internet, and the Chinese public’s negative attitude towards the treatment of international students in China has become increasingly prominent. Therefore, from the perspective of social conflict theory, this article analyzes the reasons for the Chinese public’s attitude towards the treatment of international students in China, and proposes the specific path for the adjustment of Chinese public’s attitude towards the treatment of international students in China
Toward the Sea of Death
Get PDFIn Kafka on the Shore (2002), Haruki Murakami’s masterpiece, major characters die. This essay intends to investigate the reason for those deaths and Murakami’s aim of omitting his creatures with the help of Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s theory of death desire. In their point of view, there are two types of death instinct; the model of death which is the cause of a body without organs appearance in the state of zero degrees of intensity, and the experience of death which is the possibility for the body without organs to move on to the next level of intensity by the help of desiring-production. Moving from the model of death to the experience of death is called schizophrenized death which is the state the protagonist of the story, Kafka Tamura, and some other characters like Miss Saeki, Kafka’s mom, have finally touched as an improvement in their mental state and soul.
Construction of Self-Assessment Early Warning System of Degree Authorization Points From the Perspective of Intelligent Supervision
Get PDFGraduate degree authorization audit plays an entry check role in the quality of graduate education in colleges and universities, and strengthening the evaluation of academic sites can better ensure the stability of graduate education quality. In order to improve the operability of the self-assessment activities, the indexes of the self-assessment link in the qualification assessment of degree authorization centers can be predictive tested by establishing a self-assessment early warning system. From the perspective of intelligent supervision, a set of multi-port data system is developed from the self-evaluation system and performance indicators of degree authorization points, which can diagnose problems and deficiencies in the operation and construction of degree authorization points intelligently and give early warning in time, providing reference for the adjustment and correction of degree authorization point’s construction
Understanding Nigeria’s Political Economy and Culture of Underdevelopment
Get PDFThis paper examines the political economy of Nigeria with special focus on the structural and ideological foundation of its underdevelopment. The economy is a dependent capitalist entity; hence the level of its growth and expansion is externally determined and conditioned. This, in itself, is a defining factor of underdevelopment. Then, much of the revenue accruing from productive activities is appropriated and freely repatriated by foreign capital and technology which dominate the economy. This is a critical factor as the free repatriation of capital deprives the domestic economy of investment funds. The state has continued to depend on loans from the states and institutions of the global north for its critical needs, an option that has itself consolidated the dependent status of the state. The critical problem of the state and economy could have been mitigated if the state had been managed by patriotic and public-spirited political elite. The stark reality has been that the ruling political elite are self-serving; hence they appropriate much of the fiscal revenue of the state as emoluments and other rewards for public office-holders. Besides, the ruling elite and the dominant indigenous bourgeoisie in control of the state use it as an apparatus to divert and plunder fiscal revenue by corrupt means. Over the postcolonial period corruption has become so entrenched that it is today a way of public life. The end results have been the continuing underdevelopment of the productive forces and the abysmal inability of the state to address the basic economic and social needs problems of the people. The paper is rounded off with a call for political and radical political action by national patriotic, progressive, and revolutionary forces as it is not in the interest of the corrupt and thieving comprador elite to relinquish their stranglehold on the state and economy
Valorisation de la pharmacopée africaine par l’agriculture en Côte d’Ivoire
Get PDFValorisation de la pharmacopée africaine par l’agriculture en Côte d’Ivoir
Research on Policies to Support the Cultivation of Leading Enterprises in Agricultural Industrialization: Quantitative Analysis Based on 229 Provincial Policy Texts
Get PDFLeading enterprises in agricultural industrialization are the new force leading the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas. This study takes 229 provincial-level agricultural leading enterprise support policies as the research object, and deeply analyzes their policy layout characteristics and policy focus. Using the content analysis method, the quantitative standards of China’s provincial agricultural leading enterprises support policies are constructed from the three dimensions of policy objectives, policy intensity and policy measures, and the quantitative support policy texts are quantified, and the research conclusions: (1) On the whole, the design of policy measures is clear and specific, but the accuracy of policy objectives is general, the policy of providing precise services to agricultural leading enterprises is insufficient, and the form of policy issuance is single and low. Total policy effectiveness: eastern> western> central, average policy effectiveness: central> eastern>western; (2) The eastern region is economically developed, and financial support should be increased as much as possible to help the development of agricultural leading enterprises; The central region should give play to the leading role of major agricultural provinces, carry out policy pilots, and encourage advanced enterprises to participate in policy formulation; The western region should give play to the advantages of characteristic industries and inject more energy into leading agricultural enterprises.
The Socio-Economic Performance of the Penan Community at Murum Resettlement Site, Belaga, Sarawak
Get PDFMurum Resettlement Site (MRS) is one of the government’s programmemes aimed at ensuring a better future for communities impacted by Sarawak’s dam developments. The Penan was the largest community being relocated to MRS in 2013 before the construction of Murum Dam. This relocation programmeme has resulted in various impacts and reactions from those involved. The objective of this study was to examine the socio-economic performance of the Penan community after relocating to MRS. The study was conducted in December 2020 using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected using questionnaires, in-depth interviews and site observations. A total of 269 head of households and six key informants were interviewed. SPSS software was used to analyze the data collected. Out of 24 aspects that were evaluated, a total of 11 socio-economic aspects were found to have improved well. These aspects were home ownership, household income, property ownership, job opportunities, level of skill and knowledge, educational facilities, electricity supply, road accessibility, communication facilities, religious building and sports/recreation facilities. Two aspects that remained good both before and after transferring to MRS were security and neighborhood relations. The four aspects that were getting worse were land ownership, access to forest resources, clean water source and air quality. The aspects that remained bad either before or after being relocation were saving, investment, level of education, transportation facilities, health facilities, business facilities and organized participation. Overall, the data showed that the families’ economic and social conditions had improved after they moved to the resettlement area. However, the study concluded that there is still room for improvement in terms of fundamental services, such as supplying every household with multiple clean water sources, more accessible healthcare services and better road conditions. Better road access comes with increased business and social activity, which in turn makes it easier for the Penans to find jobs and help to lift them out of poverty
Deconstruction and Reconstruction of “Administration” in Local Undergraduate Universities
Get PDFThe “administration” of local undergraduate universities is mainly manifested in the administrative tendency of the management of government to universities and the administrative tendency of the internal management of universities. By deconstructing the common administrative problems and their causes in local undergraduate universities, the path of optimization of administrative management in local undergraduate universities will be explored. The purpose is to reshape the relationship between the government which provides the service and universities which are served. Also, the internal governance structure of administrative power and academic power in local undergraduate universities can be reconstructed
Providing a Model of Factors Affecting the Spread of Peace Culture, Based on Basic Education System of Afghanistan
Get PDFThe harmful effects of incitement to war and conflict in small and large sectors have always caused problems for countries and prevented the comprehensive growth and development of countries such as Afghanistan, which needs to be prevented by spreading culture of peace and teaching it during basic education; The best and most possible era. Accordingly, this study aims to provide a model of factors affecting the spread of a culture of peace based on the basic education system in Afghanistan; it was formed based on a mixed study. The design of this research was an exploratory mix that first collected qualitative data. The population of this research was in the qualitative part of experts in the field of basic education, culture of peace and educational cases in this field, which was obtained by sampling the criterion that was obtained after interviewing 12 people. The quantitative part of the population was all experts that are involved and addressed in the subject that are 385 people whom participated in the research in an accessible way. The research findings showed that the four main components of teacher, curriculum planning, school management and macro educational policies are related to the development of a culture of peace based on the basic education system in Afghanistan and the study of coefficients and rankings in this field showed that macro educational policies, teacher characteristics, curriculum planning and school management have the greatest impact on the spread of a culture of peace based on the basic education system in Afghanistan, respectively. The findings of the model showed that all aspects of the model are effective in this field and the model is a good fit and has comprehensiveness