Journal of Social Sciences (International Black Sea University)
Not a member yet
109 research outputs found
Sort by
Turkey a Hybrid Regime: Using the Election and Repression to Stay in Power
Get PDFThis research article will discuss the government system of the Turkey during Justice and Development Party. It will seek answers to whether Turkeyis a hybrid regime, the claim is Turkey demonstrated some degree and type of the behavior which are neither democratic nor an autocratic. In orderto connect the relevancy and find the answers some factors are explored such as Election, Economy, Tin-Pot, Repression, Loyalty and Disloyalty andJDP party as independent variable and as sub topics for this research. Further, this research article is based on qualitative data which is conductedby following and tracing the previous study of the eclectic and existent literature. The major part of this research study is based on the theory andconceptualization of Ronald Wintrobe’s hybrid regime. In conclusion, the purpose of the study is to prove whether Turkey is a Hybrid Regim
Reconstructed Jerusalem through Multi-Methodological Approaches
Get PDFThe article addresses the issue of modelling City Jerusalem in different stages of her continuation in space and time. Investigates social, cultural, and international aspects of the city through written sources and archaeological remains
European Perspective of Georgia: A Comparative Analysis of Compliance with the Copenhagen Criteria in the Case of Georgia and Albania
Get PDFThe increasing importance of the 29-years-old relations between Georgia and the EU, the relevance of the issue and the delayedmembership have become the key reasons for the research topic.It should be noted that joining the EU is not an easy process and contains a number of bureaucratic elements. Therefore, the paperanalyzes Georgia’s economic and political willingness to comply with the Copenhagen criteria for future integration into the EU. It also compares thepace of development and the situation in Georgia and in Albania, which has the status of “official candidate” of the EU. It is interesting to see whatchanges and reforms (different from Georgia) are being implemented by Albania, which brings it even closer to the EU. The main research questionalso serves to determine Georgia’s European perspective based on an objective analysis of 2018-2021 years data and processes and to explain themain reasons that hinder Georgia’s integration (unlike Albania) with the EU
Cultural Policies of Creative Clusters: A Short Review
Get PDFThe concept of creative clusters generates an active public discussion in today’s world. It takes place into two levels - academic and practical. Thus, this paper is a short review of the cultural policies of creative clusters. It is oriented to show the role of clusters in overall economic development and to provide some policy implications. The key issues include whether creative clusters are efficient to foster creativity and innovation in cultural industriesor not, in addition to the need of public policy intervention. Furthermore, it considers the scope and scale of creative clusters with providing various reasons for assessing their efficiency in different aspects
Geography of the Hydro Resources and Its Impact on the World Economy
Get PDFThe importance of the water resources – as a main natural resource in the world is analyzed in this research. The location of the fresh water in different regions and countries of the world, differences among the regions related to the water consumption, major problems, related to the water shortages and ways for their resolution are among the topics discussed in the article
Georgia’s Trade Diplomacy: the Georgian-Russian Talks on the Accession of the Russian Federation to the World Trade Organisation – Victory or Defeat?
Get PDFThe article sheds the light on the Georgian-Russian long negotiations at the Russia’s bid to join WTO. The paper discloses details and strategies of bilateral trade diplomacy, offers more in depth analyses and better understanding of reasons and circumstances which led to the long negotiations cycle and time-to-time breaking of entire Russia’s WTOaccession process. It is shown that the crisis in relations between Tbilisi and Moscow in most cases was politically motivated and often negatively affected the trade talks. The author tries to respond to speculations about Georgia’s “troublemaking” at the WTO deliberations, which was caused by the lack of information and understanding of the background the Georgia-Russia standoff and diplomatic strategies and tools practiced by theboth countries. The current work at the certain degree fills the gap in knowledge of “big country–small country” trade dispute resolution, explores better understanding of negotiations process and its peculiarities as well as outcome of 11 years of start-stop talks. The research concentrates on long pending customs checkpoint issues as well as “costs and benefits” questions and concludes that the signed Agreement on customs administration and monitoring of trade across the contested borders and the enforcement process did not meet Tbilisi’s high expectations in five years time since its conclusion
The Prehistory and Meaning of Civil Society and its Role in Political Life in Different Countries
Get PDFThe democratic system of governance reform is one of the main directions of the establishment and development of the civil society. Civil society is any activity, any initiative of individuals, spontaneously created self-governance and citizens based associations and organizations, which are supported and protected by the law of the state in their work. Tocqueville first presented civil society to the West as voluntary, non-political social organizations that strengthen democracy preventing a tyranny of the majority. Associations, which can be “religious, moral, serious, futile, general or restricted, enormous or diminutive”, protect diversity by uniting equal but weak individuals into powerful groups. These associations prevent the fragmentation of society by forcing men to consider the affairs of others and to work with their neighbors. In different epoch and in different situations the term “civil society” may be understood in different ways, it may be freedom of speech, wide field of opportunities, democracy, unity of some interests, communication, globalization, activity, governmental and non-governmental associations. In order to get effective functioning of the mechanism, the main thing is to inform society and earn good reputation and trust. All citizens should be acknowledged with the main point of civil society, their functions, duties, obligations and when they can apply to them and what kind of problems they are concerned with. Most important, is more communication, and civil society itself should be interested in providing them with more information about their job, aims, plans and do their best to make citizens get involved in any business or activities. This communication should be bilateral, active and effective. The purpose of the paper isto discuss what kind of prehistory civil society had and how great its role is in the development processes of democratic governance
The Need to Adapt the EU Security Strategy to the New Realities
Get PDFCurrent European Security Strategy was adopted in December 2003. It was drafted within the understanding of geopolitical situation and security threats existed especially after 9/11 events. During the period of more than thirteen years, numerous geopolitical changes took place due to the situation in Syria, Iraq, conflict in Ukraine, recent events in Europe including, migration of Syrian refugees, terrorist attacks in Belgium, France and Turkey. The changes in the international context should have significant consequences for the EU strategic security approach. In this paper, I will review main aspects of the EU Security Strategy, key challenges and the need for its revision, discuss EU Security Strategy and its relationship with Georgia as an example of collaboration with partnercountries
Foreign Policy Strategies for Declining Hegemony: Searching for the Balance between Costs and Involvement
Get PDFThe article explores and analyzes the foreign policy strategies of a declining hegemon. For this purpose, it develops an analytical framework for the classification of the strategies based on the two variables, costs and involvement. While amount of costs required to be spent in order to attain the goals of a certain strategy affects a hegemon’s power, and involvement represents the hegemon’s ability to achieve desired outcomes though participation in international relations, the variables empirically express the two attributes of a hegemon as defined in the theories of international relations - power and willingness to be a hegemon. Therefore, beyond classification of strategies, the analy- tical framework illustrates how implementation of each strategy affects the attributes of a hegemon. Based on the framework, the article defines the most optimal foreign policy of a declining hegemon by discovering the one that minimally affects the attributes of a hegemon by enabling it to preserve high involvement in relatively lower costs
The Significance of Southern Gas Corridor for European Energy Security - Myth or Reality?
Get PDFTaking into consideration the obvious fact that Kremlin`s threatening and manipulative rhetoric is increasingly loud and severe, energy security problem is accordingly high on the European Union agenda. The paper analyses the importance of the Southern Gas Corridor - a planned infrastructure project in terms of its role in improving the security and diversity of the EU’s energy supply by bringing natural gas from the Caspian region to Europe. The article discusses if Southern Gas Corridor is a window of opportunity for Europe to lessen Russian Gas dependence significantly or just a myth. Besides, the paper reviews a strategic logic of the Southern Gas Corridor and the Italian market as a final destination of the project. In the end, direct economic benefits from the Southern Gas Corridor are presented for the countries participating in this project