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Learning for livelihoods in the global South: theoretical and methodological lenses on skills and the informal sector
No full textThis edited volume explores how youth and informal sector workers in the Global South are pioneering learning and livelihoods that exist at the intersections of, and beyond, the boundaries of the state, market, and other formal institutions. Underpinned by research undertaken in the Global South, this book discusses how we might better theorize, conceptualize, and critique what skills and vocational education and training mean for young people with diverse livelihoods - people who rely substantially on the informal and social economy. Rather than envisioning education and skills as oriented towards profit-making or increased productivity, chapters offer fresh perspectives that move beyond the dominant neoliberal and human capital orthodoxies. This book features chapters that are global in approach, uses case studies from contexts as diverse as India, South Africa, West Africa, and Colombia, and focuses on how education can be used to empower people, strengthen livelihoods, and expand human agency, skills, personal growth, and the capability for voice.
South Africa’s state-owned entities are flagging: how innovation, research and development could revive them
No full textSouth Africa has about 700 state-owned enterprises. They operate across sectors like transport, energy and public utilities, and some are among the largest employers in those sectors. Entities like these are created and controlled by a country’s government to provide essential services and drive economic development. In South Africa, they were formed in the 20th century, when the government recognised the need to support local industries by providing services such as rail transport, financing and electricity.N/
Effects of conditional cash transfers and pre-test and post-test tuberculosis counselling on patient outcomes and loss to follow-up across the continuum of care in South Africa: a randomised controlled trial
No full textEconomic and behavioural factors lead to poor outcomes in patients with tuberculosis. We investigated the effects of a package of interventions consisting of pre-test and post-test tuberculosis counselling with conditional cash transfers on patient outcomes in adults undergoing investigation for pulmonary tuberculosis.
This pragmatic, open-label, individual randomised controlled trial was done in nine clinics in Johannesburg, South Africa. Participants (aged ≥18 years) undergoing investigation for tuberculosis were randomly assigned (1:1) to the intervention group or control group (standard of care) via permuted block randomisation, stratified by clinic; group assignment was concealed using opaque envelopes. The intervention group received pre-test and post-test tuberculosis counselling, and for participants diagnosed with rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis, a digital payment (R150; approximately US) at treatment initiation and each monthly treatment visit. Payments were contingent on timely attendance: 14 days from initial sputum sample collection and within 7 days on either side of their scheduled monthly appointment. The primary endpoint was successful patient outcome (patients who were cured or completed treatment) or unsuccessful patient outcome (pretreatment loss-to-follow-up, on-treatment loss-to-follow-up, development of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis while on treatment, treatment failure [ie, smear or culture positive at 5 months or later after commencing treatment], or death). The primary outcome was analysed in the modified intention-to-treat population, defined as all randomly assigned participants with rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis confirmed before the commencement of tuberculosis treatment. Weighted outcome prevalence, relative risks (RRs), and risk differences were calculated using a multivariable Poisson model with robust standard errors. This trial is registered with the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry (PACTR202410708311054) and is completed.
Innovation strategies for agricultural resilience: a dynamic capabilities approach to innovation during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa
No full textThis study integrates the concepts of innovation strategies and dynamic capabilities as an analytical framework to investigate the innovation strategies agricultural businesses employed during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study assesses how these strategies influenced their resilience and innovation performance. Using data from the South African Agricultural Business Innovation Survey (AgriBIS 2019-2021), the study combined explorative data analysis techniques with an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model, to assess the relationship between different innovation strategies and key outcomes such as revenue growth, cost reduction, market expansion, and the development of new intellectual property. The findings revealed the complex ways in which innovation strategies are shaped by dynamic capabilities in the face of disruptions. Specifically, this study found, contrary to conventional beliefs, that proactive innovation strategies are not always the best suited or volatile environments. Instead, the study found that innovation strategies that promote simplicity and adaptability proved more effective in shielding firms from external shocks of the Covid-19 pandemic. Firms with active innovation strategies, supported by strong dynamic capabilities of internal R&D and collaboration, showed the greatest resilience, while those relying on passive or reactive strategies were more vulnerable to disruption. These findings suggest that policymakers should encourage flexible and adaptable innovation strategies, particularly in sectors like agriculture that are prone to high volatility and external shocks of climate change. The findings of this study call for the importance of aligning innovation strategies and dynamic capabilities with the specific challenges of the sector to ensure long-term innovation success.
ThiPhiSA new pathways to TB prevention from community screening a household randomized controlled trial in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
No full textTuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of infectious disease deaths, particularly among people living with HIV (PWH). Despite being preventable, TB preventive therapy (TPT) uptake is low in high-burden regions like South Africa, where new guidelines have expanded TPT eligibility and introduced shorter, more effective regimens like 3 months of weekly rifapentine and isoniazid (3HP). As differentiated service delivery models for HIV care have proven effective, there is increasing recognition that decentralizing TPT delivery may improve coverage and completion. This study explores whether a community-based TPT delivery strategy can enhance uptake and completion of TPT compared with traditional clinic-based services. We will conduct a household-randomized, non-blinded, controlled trial. Persons eligible for TPT will be recruited from the TB TRIAGE+Trial study, a community-based household TB screening study. Households containing at least one person eligible for TPT will be randomized 1:1 to either community-based TPT or standard-of-care clinic referral for TPT. At enrolment, all participants will be provided with a 2-week supply of TPT in the community. Participants randomized to the community arm will receive the entire course of TPT in a single dispense (12 weeks of 3HP or 6 months of isoniazid, if 3HP is contraindicated). Clinic-arm participants will be referred to their local clinic for the remainder of their course of TPT and will collect TPT refills on the clinic-determined schedule. Our primary outcome is the proportion of participants who complete a course of TPT. Secondary outcomes include overall adherence to TPT, predictors of adherence with TPT, participant satisfaction with the assigned TPT delivery method and adverse events.
Reclaiming African environmentalism: ecological struggles for wellbeing and habitability
No full textThe authors of Reclaiming African Environmentalism make the case that the relationships that indigenous and other marginalized minorities have formed with the land must be the primary considerations when planning and protecting Africa?s overall economic and ecological well-being.N/
‘The future we want': from Mpumalanga to the Western Cape
No full textThis chapter offers a forward-looking synthesis grounded in the theoretical framing of social reproduction, social exclusion and democratic consolidation outlined in the Introduction. Drawing from community narratives across rural villages, urban settlements, mining towns and former homelands, we reflect on what has been lost or gained and what still must be imagined and built.
Regulating political finance in South Africa: perspectives on the Political Finance Act and its implementation
No full textThe HSRC, commissioned by the Electoral Commission of South Africa (IEC), studied the evolving political funding framework under the Political Funding Act (PFA), originally the Political Party Funding Act of 2018.
The Act regulates public and private funding, mandates disclosure of large donations, limits annual contributions, and established the Multi-Party Democracy Fund (MPDF). Using a literature review, surveys and expert interviews, the study examined oversight, underuse of the MPDF, gender equity in representation, disclosure thresholds, donation limits, incentives, and potential regulatory reforms. This article discusses some findings and insights from the research study.
Attracting and retaining talent: the policies of South African metros
No full textIn a knowledge-driven global economy, the ability of cities to attract and retain high-level skills is crucial for urban competitiveness. In response, many advanced cities have adopted proactive policies to attract globally mobile talent and support innovation ecosystems. This paper examines whether and how South Africa’s eight metropolitan municipalities incorporate talent attraction and retention into their Integrated Development Plans and related economic strategies. Using a multidisciplinary policy framework and content analysis of municipal documents, we find limited recognition of human capital as a development driver. This omission reflects deeper challenges within existing institutional and governance arrangements, including fragmented mandates, limited planning capacity, and competing developmental priorities. We argue that more deliberate and integrated skills strategies—aligned with inclusive growth objectives—can enhance municipal effectiveness and support resilient urban development.