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Neuroactive Drug Interactions in Geriatric Neurology: Integrating Pharmacokinetic Vulnerability, Pharmacodynamic Sensitivity, and Rational Prescribing Strategies
Get PDFOlder adults with neurological disorders represent one of the most vulnerable populations to drug–drug interactions due to polypharmacy, age-related physiological changes, and increased sensitivity of the central nervous system. Understanding how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations shape the clinical behavior of neuroactive medications is essential for optimizing therapeutic decisions in this population. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on clinically significant drug–drug interactions relevant to neurological practice in the elderly and outlines rational prescribing strategies that integrate explicit criteria, deprescribing frameworks, and age-related risk factors. A targeted literature review was conducted using peer-reviewed studies, clinical guidelines, and pharmacology databases, focusing on interactions involving antiepileptic drugs, antiparkinsonian agents, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antiplatelets, anticoagulants, and other commonly co-prescribed medications in older adults. Aging affects every component of pharmacokinetics—slowed gastrointestinal absorption, altered body composition, reduced hepatic metabolism, and diminished renal clearance—leading to higher and more variable exposure to many neuroactive drugs. Parallel changes in pharmacodynamics, including weakened blood–brain barrier integrity and altered neurotransmitter receptor sensitivity, amplify the risk of adverse neurological outcomes such as delirium, imbalance, falls, worsening motor symptoms, or cognitive decline. High-impact interactions were identified in epilepsy (enzyme-inducing ASMs and DOACs), Parkinson’s disease (dopaminergic therapy and antipsychotics), post-stroke care (clopidogrel–PPI and serotonergic combinations), and dementia (cholinesterase inhibitors and anticholinergics). Rational prescribing requires medication review, application of Beers 2023 and STOPP/START v3 criteria, careful dose adjustment, structured deprescribing, and close monitoring. Effective management of neuroactive pharmacotherapy in older adults depends on integrating mechanistic understanding of age-related PK/PD vulnerability with individualized prescribing and deprescribing strategies. A systematic, patient-centered approach can reduce interaction-related harms while preserving neurological stability and quality of life
Analisis Pengaruh Open Innovation, Knowledge Transfer dan Competitive Advantage Terhadap Kinerja UMKM Di Kabupaten Kerinci
Get PDFDalam tiga tahun terakhir terjadi penurunan jumlah UMKM di Kabupaten Kerinci berdasarkan data dari BPS Provinsi Jambi pada tahun 2023 yang salah satunya UMKM dodol kentang. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi menurunnya jumlah UMKM tersebut adalah kinerja. Kinerja UMKM dapat dinilai dari banyak hal salah satunya adalah open innovation, knowledge transfer dan competitive advantage. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut peneliti merasa perlunya dilakukan pemecahan masalah di UMKM dodol kentang untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh open innovation, knowledge transfer dan competitive advantage terhadap kinerja suatu UMKM. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan memberikan kuesioner kepada pemilik UMKM, teknik yang digunakan adalah metode sensus. Pengolahan data menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) berbasis Partial Least Square (PLS) dengan bantuan program SmartPLS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menggunakan metode Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan bantuan program SmartPLS, didapatkan hasil yaitu Open innovation berpengaruh positif terhadap Competitive advantage UMKM di Kabupaten Kerinci, Knowledge transfer berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja UMKM di Kabupaten Kerinci, Knowledge transfer berpengaruh positif terhadap Open innovation UMKM di Kabupaten Kerinci, Knowledge transfer berpengaruh positif terhadap Competitive advantage UMKM di Kabupaten Kerinci dan Competitive advantage berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja UMKM di Kabupaten Kerinci. 
Hukum Perusahaan Analisis Peran dan Tanggung Jawab Notaris Dalam Pendaftaran Akta Dan Pengesahan Badan Hukum pada Penggunaan Layanan Ditjen Ahu Online
Get PDFIn accordance with the Decree of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights Number M-05 HT.01.01 Year 2002, all legal entity settlements including the legalization of Limited Liability Company (PT) deed establishment, approval of amendments to Articles of Association, registration of fiduciary guarantees, and registration of wills must be conducted through the Online Legal Entity Administration System (Sistem Administrasi Badan Hukum or SABH). Consequently, the Notary is granted the exclusive authority to register these legal acts digitally. This research employs a normative juridical method, utilizing statutory and conceptual approaches, to analyze the Notary's role and responsibility in the registration of deeds and legalization of legal entities via the Directorate General of AHU Online services. The findings indicate that the Notary's role is critical, involving the input and comprehensive verification of deed data to prevent entry errors. Furthermore, the Notary bears the full responsibility for any errors originating from their office, requiring the Notary to carry out and bear the cost of all corrections, albeit still requiring cooperation from the applicant regarding the necessary data
Improving Temperature Prediction Accuracy Using Stacking Ensemble Methods in Meteorological Data
Get PDFAccurate temperature prediction is crucial for weather forecasting, influencing sectors such as agriculture, energy, and disaster management. This study aimed to improve daily temperature prediction using stacking ensemble methods on weather data from Pontianak (2021-2024). The research compared the performance of individual models, Linear Regression and Random Forest, and demonstrated how stacking—which combines multiple models—could enhance prediction accuracy. Stacking was implemented with Linear Regression and Random Forest as base learners, while a Linear Regression model served as the meta-learner to integrate the predictions from the base models. The results showed that the stacking model outperformed both individual models in terms of Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE), leading to more accurate predictions. While stacking improved accuracy, it introduced greater computational overhead compared to single-model approaches. This trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency must be considered for real-world applications. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of stacking in enhancing temperature prediction accuracy, offering insights into how ensemble methods can improve weather forecasting
Uji Bakteriologis Air Minum Isi Ulang di Kecamatan Lemahwungkuk Kota Cirebon
Get PDFBackground: Refill drinking water is widely used by the public due to its accessibility and affordability. However, improper treatment processes can lead to bacteriological contamination, particularly by Escherichia coli and Coliform bacteria, which can cause diseases such as diarrhea. Aim: To identify the bacteriological content of Escherichia coli and Coliform in refill drinking water in Lemahwungkuk District, Cirebon City. Method: This study employed a descriptive method using purposive sampling techniques. A total of 8 samples were collected from refilled drinking water depots in 4 urban villages. Each sample was tested in four repetitions using various laboratory tests, including Nutrient Agar, Mac Conkey Agar, Gram Staining, IMVIC, and TSIA for identification of Escherichia coli and Coliform bacteria. Results: Mac Conkey Agar test results showed lactose fermenters in all samples, but Escherichia coli and Coliform were not detected. Gram staining revealed the presence of Gram-positive bacteria. IMVIC test results showed Indole (-), Methyl Red (-), Voges Proskauer (-), and variable Citrate results. TSIA test showed Alkaline/Alkaline results with Gas (+) in some samples. Conclusion: No Escherichia coli or Coliform bacteria were found in any of the samples, but Gram-positive bacteria were detected, indicating microbiological contamination in refill drinking water
Digitalisasi Pelaporan Zakat, Kepercayaan, Dan Partisipasi Muzakki : Systematic Literature Review Berbasis Prisma 2020 Dalam Kerangka Maqashid Al-Shariah
Get PDFDigital zakat reporting is increasingly viewed as a governance strategy to strengthen transparency, accountability, and public trust in zakat management organizations, thereby encouraging muzakki participation. This paper presents a systematic literature review (SLR) to synthesize empirical and conceptual evidence on the relationship between digital zakat reporting, trust, and muzakki participation, using maqashid al-shariah as an ethical governance lens. The review is reported in accordance with PRISMA 2020 (Page et al., 2021) and searches Scopus, DOAJ, Garuda, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Studies were selected via deduplication, title/abstract screening, full-text eligibility assessment, and inclusion; study quality was assessed using a concise rubric (0–10) covering methodological clarity, data/analysis adequacy, construct relevance, and sharia-compliance context. A thematic synthesis indicates that digital reporting practices (e.g., real-time dashboards, online disclosures, audit trails) tend to improve perceived transparency and accountability, which strengthens muzakki trust and intention/decision to pay zakat through formal institutions. Effects are contingent on digital literacy, personal data protection, service quality, and perceived sharia compliance. This review contributes by mapping recent research themes, proposing an integrated conceptual framework for future testing, and providing governance recommendations aligned with maqashid al-shariah
Analisis Spasial Titik Rawan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas (Blackspot) Di Kabupaten Banyuasin Menggunakan Kernel Density
Get PDFThe increase in population and mobility in Banyuasin Regency has a direct impact on traffic safety risks. Throughout 2023, 162 traffic accidents were recorded, exhibiting a fluctuating pattern. This study aims to identify and map the spatial distribution of accident-prone points (black spots) and measure the validity of the vulnerability model. The method employed is Geographic Information System (GIS)-based Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), utilizing 2023 incident data as the training set and January 2024 data for validation. The analysis integrates parameters of victim fatality, time of occurrence, and vehicle type. The results indicate the formation of a "Very High" risk zone covering 75.67 km² (0.60% of the total area), concentrated along the East Trans-Sumatra Road (Palembang–Jambi) at KM 24.5–32.5 in Sembawa District and KM 63–77 in Betung District. Model validation demonstrated an accuracy rate of 90.91%. The reliability of the model was confirmed through statistical tests, where the Binomial Test yielded a p-value of 0.0002 < α = 0.05, and the Chi-Square Test showed a calculated value χ² of 25.74 (greater than the table value of 9.488). These results prove that the distribution of accidents is significantly concentrated in the predicted high-risk zones and is not randomly distributed. This study validates the effectiveness of the KDE method as a strategic tool for prioritizing road safety infrastructure improvements in Banyuasin Regency
Computable general equilibrium-microsimulation analysis of electricity price increases in South Africa
No full textThis paper deals with an important issue of energy resources, especially electricity, and their critical role in addressing a key aspect of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, specifically the goal of poverty alleviation. The analysis applies a computable general equilibrium-microsimulation model to analyse the economy-wide and distributional impacts of the increase in electricity price in an emerging economy with limited electricity supply. A key benefit of this model is that it addresses the distributional and poverty impacts related to the change in electricity prices, which have yet to be covered in previous studies. The paper simulates an actual price increase experienced in the economy and an increase linked to inflation. While the macro results show a negative impact on the economy in terms of a decrease in GDP, an increase in prices and an increase in unemployment, the micro results indicate that poverty declines as measured by the rate and poverty incidence curves. Several policy implications arise from these findings, such as considering more progressive taxation policies to counteract the slight increase in inequality resulting from higher electricity prices.
Navigating threads of a young adult life-course: tangled complexity in the education and work pathways of African university graduates
No full textWhile educational attainment is increasing in sub-Saharan Africa, formal employment remains elusive. With this
context in mind, this study delves into the young adult pathways undertaken by African graduate scholarship
recipients post-university. Data from a longitudinal tracer survey was combined with qualitative interviews with
graduates from six countries. Survey findings showed complexity with activities like employment, studying and
entrepreneurship overlapping over time, with many combining working and/or studying and/or entrepreneurial
activity. Qualitative analysis underlined this complexity, with education and work comprehensively entangled.
The meaning of ‘employment’ covered various working world practices, often in education, which we call
‘finding a haven in education’ and profiting from various income streams while studying, which we call ‘multiple
income streams and educational endeavors’. The interaction between education and work therefore problematizes the concept of ‘transitions’, which assumes life-courses move from education into the world of work. We deploy the concepts ‘threads’ and ‘social navigation’ to illustrate this interaction, arguing that African graduates navigate their paths towards adulthood by weaving various thread-like opportunities into a temporarily stable livelihood knot or unravelling threads to create clear segments for income generation. They improvised an
unconventional, middle-class African hustle, rather than following linear routes from education to work.
Factors associated with sexual behaviour among women aged 15-49 in South African low-income communities
No full textSouth Africa faces disproportionately high rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially in low-income communities. Understanding how demographic, socioeconomic, and knowledge-based factors influence sexual behavior is critical for targeted public health interventions. Therefore, this study examined the relationships between socioeconomic status (SES), education, ethnicity, marital status, STD awareness, and sexual behavior among women aged 15 – 49 in low-income South African communities. Methods and Materials: We conducted a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2016 (SADHS 2016). Key variables included sexual behavior (safe versus risky), SES, education, place of residence, ethnicity, marital status, and awareness of STDs. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to assess associations between sexual behavior and the aforementioned variables. Results: Among 8,513 respondents, 22.3% (95% CI: 21.1–23.5) engaged in risky sexual behavior. Higher SES was associated with increased odds of risky behavior, as were White, Coloured, and Indian/Asian ethnicities compared to Black Africans. Conversely, higher education levels, being married or cohabiting, and STD awareness (having heard of AIDS) significantly reduced risky sexual behavior. Urban residence had no significant effect. These findings highlight the influence of socioeconomic and educational factors on sexual health outcomes. Conclusion: Sexual behavior may be influenced by a number of factors, and behavioral patterns vary across groups. Public health strategies and intersectional approaches to sexual health should be considered to enhance education and STD awareness to reduce risky behaviors and improve sexual health outcomes in different population groups.