Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Formát OSCE ako aktivizujúca metóda vo vyučovaní slovenčiny ako cudzieho jazyka v odbornej jazykovej príprave na LF UK
No full textThis paper analyzes the use of the OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) format as an active learning method for teaching Slovak as a foreign language at the Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University. The study is based on the observation of decreasing motivation among medical students in specialized language training, particularly due to their plans to leave Slovakia after graduation. The aim of the pilot project was to design and implement team-based OSCE simulations to increase student interest, strengthen their language competencies, and support the development of soft skills in a realistic context. Students worked in small teams and took medical histories from "standardized patients" according to pre-prepared scenarios. The task was not only to acquire relevant medical information but also to practice professional communication and empathy. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis were used for data analysis. The simulation results showed that the OSCE format is effective for building communication skills and structured thinking in students as early as the preclinical phase of their studies. The method promoted active participation, self-reflection, and strengthened team cooperation. Despite logistical challenges, particularly concerning evaluation, the format proved successful, and the authors plan for its widespread implementation. The paper also emphasizes the need for further methodological development, especially in the area of systematic soft skills assessment.Tento príspevok analyzuje využitie formátu OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) ako aktivizujúcej metódy vo výučbe slovenčiny ako cudzieho jazyka na Lekárskej fakulte UK. Vychádza z pozorovania klesajúcej motivácie študentov medicíny v odbornej jazykovej príprave, najmä vzhľadom na ich plány opustiť Slovensko po ukončení štúdia. Cieľom pilotného projektu bolo navrhnúť a zrealizovať simulácie v štýle tímového OSCE, s cieľom zvýšiť záujem študentov, posilniť ich jazykové kompetencie a podporiť rozvoj mäkkých zručností v realistickom kontexte. Študenti pracovali v malých tímoch a odoberali anamnézy od "štandardizovaných pacientov" podľa vopred pripravených scenárov. Úlohou bolo nielen získať relevantné medicínske informácie, ale aj precvičiť si profesionálnu komunikáciu a empatiu. Na analýzu dát bola použitá kvalitatívna aj kvantitatívna analýza. Výsledky simulácie ukázali, že formát OSCE je účinný pre budovanie komunikačných zručností a štruktúrovaného myslenia u študentov už v predklinickej fáze štúdia. Metóda podporila aktívnu účasť, sebareflexiu a posilnila kooperáciu v tímoch. Napriek logistickým výzvam, najmä s ohľadom na hodnotenie, sa formát ukázal ako úspešný a autori plánujú jeho plošné zavedenie. Príspevok tiež zdôrazňuje potrebu ďalšieho rozvoja metodiky, najmä v oblasti systematického hodnotenia mäkkých zručností
International law in Arctic waters: Disputes over catching snow crab in Svalbard in the broader context of the exploration of natural resources
Full text linkThe importance of fisheries in the Arctic region is on the increase as climate change results in natural resources, both biological and non-biological, becoming more accessible. Catching snow crab, which is a non-native species in the Barents Sea, has contributed to an ongoing dispute between Norway, the European Union and some other states on the status of the waters surrounding the archipelago of Svalbard and fishing rights. Disagreements among the affected states over the management of the vast ocean areas surrounding Svalbard are mainly legally grounded in a dispute over the interpretation of the Svalbard Treaty (1920) and its interrelation with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982). A question at the heart of this dispute is the extent of the rights of states to manage natural resources, especially considering developments in the international law of the sea with innovative concepts such as exclusive economic zones and the continental shelfs. This chapter examines how both international treaties apply to these complicated issues, which are at the same time impacting Arctic governance as such. The chapter links challenges identified within this legal framework with the deeper impact on the fragile Arctic environment, including the Barents Sea’s benthic ecosystem. While the right to catch snow crab may be perceived as a relatively “minor issue”, it well illustrates the complexity of the governance of the Arctic marine environment. Disputes over catching snow crab serve as a precursor of broader challenges relating to the exploration and exploitation of both living (fisheries) and non-living (oil, gas, rare earth metals) natural resources. There are wider practical consequences since the outcome of the “snow crab dispute” affects the equal access to other, arguably more profitable natural resources, including the reserves of hydrocarbons in the same waters
State-of-Art and activities of the culture collection of experimental strains of microalgae and cyanobacteria isolated from cold environments @IBOT
Full text linkCulture collections contain cyanobacterial and microalgal strains as type species taxonomical studies and future exploitation in basic and applied research. The Culture collection of experimental strains, isolated from cold environments, at the Institute of Botany CAS, Třeboň, Czech Republic, is a working non-public culture collection, i.e., the strains are being isolated and used in experiments, but they are not available for sale. At present (June 2025), the culture collection contains 350 defined strains of cyanobacteria and microalgae isolated from Antarctica (168 strains), Arctic (148 strains), Europe (18 strains) and North America (14 strains). The origin of two strains is unknown. The strains originate from snow/glacier (17 strains), lacustrine (39 strains), hydro-terrestrial (24 strains), and terrestrial (72 strains) environments. It is planned to determine the original environment of the remaining 198 strains in the near future. From a taxonomical point of view, 153 strains belong to the Cyanophyceae class, 38 to the Trebouxiophyceae class, 32 to the Chlorophyceae class, 23 to the Klebsormidiophyceae class, 8 to the Zygnematophyceae class and 94 to the Xanthophyceae class. The Ulvophyceae and Bacillariophyceae classes are both represented by a single strain. In addition, methods of sampling, isolation, maintenance, and determination of strains are described
The Relationship Between Students’ English as a Foreign Language Learning Grit and Selected Economic and Social Characteristics of their Family and Peers
No full textHouževnatost, vytrvalost a vášeň při dosahování dlouhodobých cílů, získává pozornost ve výzkumu učení cizích jazyků, avšak poznatky o faktorech jejího rozvoje jsou omezené. Tato studie zkoumá vztah mezi houževnatostí při učení se angličtině a vybranými ekonomickými a sociálními charakteristikami rodiny (materiální vybavení domácnosti, investice do vzdělávání v angličtině, probírání pokroků v angličtině) a vrstevníků (vnímané finanční možnosti kamarádů, používání angličtiny s kamarády), a také sociodemografickými charakteristikami (typ školy, zřizovatel, ročník, gender). Vzorek tvoří 2849 žáků ze čtyřletých gymnázií a středních odborných škol zaměřených na služby a na techniku. Použita byla česká verze dotazníku houževnatosti při učení se cizím jazykům obsahující dvě složky: soustavnost úsilí a konzistenci zájmu. Z rodinných a vrstevnických charakteristik má na obě složky největší efekt četnost používání angličtiny s kamarády a rodinné investice do vzdělávání v angličtině. Soustavnost úsilí však více souvisí s rodinnými a vrstevnickými charakteristikami než konzistence zájmu. Ze sociodemografických charakteristik hraje roli, i po kontrole ostatních proměnných, gender a zřizovatel pro soustavnost úsilí, a typ školy pro konzistenci zájmu. Výsledky naznačují, že rozvoj houževnatosti by měl zohlednit rozdíly mezi jejími složkami a jejich vlivy.Grit, perseverance and passion for long term goals, is gaining attention from language learning researchers, yet insight into factors related to its development is limited. This study analyzes the relationship of the English as a foreign language learning grit with the selected economic and social characteristics of family (home possessions, English learning investments, discussing English learning) and peers (perceived peers’ financial means, English use with peers), and also sociodemographic characteristics (school type, founder, year of study, gender). The sample are 2,849 students from four-year grammar schools and four-year vocational schools focused on services or technology. The study employs a Czech version of a foreign language learning grit questionnaire capturing two subcomponents: perseverance of effort and consistency of interest. Among the family and peer characteristics, both subcomponents are most strongly related to English use with peers and family English learning investments. However, perseverance of effort is related to these characteristics more strongly than consistency of interest. Among sociodemographic characteristics, gender and school founder have an effect on perseverance of effort and school type on consistency of interest, even after controlling for other variables. Thus, when developing grit, its different subcomponents, and their respective relevant factors, should be considered
Od „Babylonský” řek k Vltavě. Exilové působení P. Josefa Čupra SJ (1934-2019)
Full text linkThe study informs about the work of the Jesuit P. Josef Čupr (1934–2019) in exile. The native of Býkovice studied civil engineering in Brno, however, after several years of practice, he decided to make his life plan come true – to study theology and become a priest. Czechoslovakia did not become the place of realization and thus Čupr joined the priestly exile in Rome, where he was ordained, and not long after joined the Societas Iesu. He was allowed to return to his homeland only after the fall of the Iron Curtain, when between 1991 and 1998 he was the head of the Czech Province of the Society of Jesus. For the purpose of this study, sources from state and private archives were collected. The primary data were then compared with specialist literature in order to present the exile events of P. Čupra against the background of that time. By following his life in exile and work as a Jesuit priest, the study also aims to find out the answer to why Čupr became the Czech provincial of the Society of Jesus in the 1990s and what were the starting points for his appointment
Professor Jaromír Sedláček
Full text linkNa letošní rok připadá hned dvojité kulaté výročí, pojící se k významné a zároveň v kontextu československé civilistiky meziválečného období osobité personě – brněnskému profesoru občanského práva Jaromíru Sedláčkovi. Tento „první normativní theoretik v disciplíně práva občanského“ (Vladimír Kubeš) se totiž narodil před sto čtyřiceti lety ve Slavkově u Brna (2. září 1885) a zahynul v roce 1945 v Brně „kráčeje po Husově třídě pod Špilberkem“, jak ve své vzpomínce na něj v brněnském Časopise pro právní a státní vědu v roce 1946 napsal další jeho žák a pak mladší kolega Hynek Bulín ml
Big Five personality dimensions and disintegration as antecedents of vertical and horizontal internet privacy concerns
No full textGiven the role that internet privacy concerns (IPCs) have in individuals’ online behaviors, it is essential to understand how personality shapes people’s concerns about privacy online. The five-factor model of human personality—with the Big Five personality dimensions of openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism—has been widely used to study the formation of internet users’ privacy concerns. However, existing literature has investigated only vertical (institutional) IPCs, while there is no corresponding research on horizontal (peer) IPCs. The role of a recently proposed personality trait, disintegration, which captures individuals’ proneness to perceive connections among unrelated phenomena and thus complements existing personality models, has also not been examined yet. This preregistered study addressed these gaps by investigating the associations of the Big Five personality dimensions and the disintegration trait with vertical and horizontal IPCs among internet users. The hypotheses and research questions were addressed through path analysis on a sample of internet users (N = 797) aged 18 years or older, recruited through probability-based sampling (response rate 42%). The results showed that agreeableness was associated with greater vertical IPCs, whereas openness with lower and disintegration with higher horizontal IPCs. The association between disintegration and vertical IPCs was moderated by previous privacy violations. The findings suggest that personality traits have different associations with vertical and horizontal IPCs, warranting further investigation of the role of the disintegration trait in individuals’ online privacy perceptions and behaviors