Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Formát OSCE ako aktivizujúca metóda vo vyučovaní slovenčiny ako cudzieho jazyka v odbornej jazykovej príprave na LF UK
No full textThis paper analyzes the use of the OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) format as an active learning method for teaching Slovak as a foreign language at the Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University. The study is based on the observation of decreasing motivation among medical students in specialized language training, particularly due to their plans to leave Slovakia after graduation. The aim of the pilot project was to design and implement team-based OSCE simulations to increase student interest, strengthen their language competencies, and support the development of soft skills in a realistic context. Students worked in small teams and took medical histories from "standardized patients" according to pre-prepared scenarios. The task was not only to acquire relevant medical information but also to practice professional communication and empathy. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis were used for data analysis. The simulation results showed that the OSCE format is effective for building communication skills and structured thinking in students as early as the preclinical phase of their studies. The method promoted active participation, self-reflection, and strengthened team cooperation. Despite logistical challenges, particularly concerning evaluation, the format proved successful, and the authors plan for its widespread implementation. The paper also emphasizes the need for further methodological development, especially in the area of systematic soft skills assessment.Tento príspevok analyzuje využitie formátu OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) ako aktivizujúcej metódy vo výučbe slovenčiny ako cudzieho jazyka na Lekárskej fakulte UK. Vychádza z pozorovania klesajúcej motivácie študentov medicíny v odbornej jazykovej príprave, najmä vzhľadom na ich plány opustiť Slovensko po ukončení štúdia. Cieľom pilotného projektu bolo navrhnúť a zrealizovať simulácie v štýle tímového OSCE, s cieľom zvýšiť záujem študentov, posilniť ich jazykové kompetencie a podporiť rozvoj mäkkých zručností v realistickom kontexte. Študenti pracovali v malých tímoch a odoberali anamnézy od "štandardizovaných pacientov" podľa vopred pripravených scenárov. Úlohou bolo nielen získať relevantné medicínske informácie, ale aj precvičiť si profesionálnu komunikáciu a empatiu. Na analýzu dát bola použitá kvalitatívna aj kvantitatívna analýza. Výsledky simulácie ukázali, že formát OSCE je účinný pre budovanie komunikačných zručností a štruktúrovaného myslenia u študentov už v predklinickej fáze štúdia. Metóda podporila aktívnu účasť, sebareflexiu a posilnila kooperáciu v tímoch. Napriek logistickým výzvam, najmä s ohľadom na hodnotenie, sa formát ukázal ako úspešný a autori plánujú jeho plošné zavedenie. Príspevok tiež zdôrazňuje potrebu ďalšieho rozvoja metodiky, najmä v oblasti systematického hodnotenia mäkkých zručností
International law in Arctic waters: Disputes over catching snow crab in Svalbard in the broader context of the exploration of natural resources
Get PDFThe importance of fisheries in the Arctic region is on the increase as climate change results in natural resources, both biological and non-biological, becoming more accessible. Catching snow crab, which is a non-native species in the Barents Sea, has contributed to an ongoing dispute between Norway, the European Union and some other states on the status of the waters surrounding the archipelago of Svalbard and fishing rights. Disagreements among the affected states over the management of the vast ocean areas surrounding Svalbard are mainly legally grounded in a dispute over the interpretation of the Svalbard Treaty (1920) and its interrelation with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982). A question at the heart of this dispute is the extent of the rights of states to manage natural resources, especially considering developments in the international law of the sea with innovative concepts such as exclusive economic zones and the continental shelfs. This chapter examines how both international treaties apply to these complicated issues, which are at the same time impacting Arctic governance as such. The chapter links challenges identified within this legal framework with the deeper impact on the fragile Arctic environment, including the Barents Sea’s benthic ecosystem. While the right to catch snow crab may be perceived as a relatively “minor issue”, it well illustrates the complexity of the governance of the Arctic marine environment. Disputes over catching snow crab serve as a precursor of broader challenges relating to the exploration and exploitation of both living (fisheries) and non-living (oil, gas, rare earth metals) natural resources. There are wider practical consequences since the outcome of the “snow crab dispute” affects the equal access to other, arguably more profitable natural resources, including the reserves of hydrocarbons in the same waters
State-of-Art and activities of the culture collection of experimental strains of microalgae and cyanobacteria isolated from cold environments @IBOT
Get PDFCulture collections contain cyanobacterial and microalgal strains as type species taxonomical studies and future exploitation in basic and applied research. The Culture collection of experimental strains, isolated from cold environments, at the Institute of Botany CAS, Třeboň, Czech Republic, is a working non-public culture collection, i.e., the strains are being isolated and used in experiments, but they are not available for sale. At present (June 2025), the culture collection contains 350 defined strains of cyanobacteria and microalgae isolated from Antarctica (168 strains), Arctic (148 strains), Europe (18 strains) and North America (14 strains). The origin of two strains is unknown. The strains originate from snow/glacier (17 strains), lacustrine (39 strains), hydro-terrestrial (24 strains), and terrestrial (72 strains) environments. It is planned to determine the original environment of the remaining 198 strains in the near future. From a taxonomical point of view, 153 strains belong to the Cyanophyceae class, 38 to the Trebouxiophyceae class, 32 to the Chlorophyceae class, 23 to the Klebsormidiophyceae class, 8 to the Zygnematophyceae class and 94 to the Xanthophyceae class. The Ulvophyceae and Bacillariophyceae classes are both represented by a single strain. In addition, methods of sampling, isolation, maintenance, and determination of strains are described
The Relationship Between Students’ English as a Foreign Language Learning Grit and Selected Economic and Social Characteristics of their Family and Peers
No full textHouževnatost, vytrvalost a vášeň při dosahování dlouhodobých cílů, získává pozornost ve výzkumu učení cizích jazyků, avšak poznatky o faktorech jejího rozvoje jsou omezené. Tato studie zkoumá vztah mezi houževnatostí při učení se angličtině a vybranými ekonomickými a sociálními charakteristikami rodiny (materiální vybavení domácnosti, investice do vzdělávání v angličtině, probírání pokroků v angličtině) a vrstevníků (vnímané finanční možnosti kamarádů, používání angličtiny s kamarády), a také sociodemografickými charakteristikami (typ školy, zřizovatel, ročník, gender). Vzorek tvoří 2849 žáků ze čtyřletých gymnázií a středních odborných škol zaměřených na služby a na techniku. Použita byla česká verze dotazníku houževnatosti při učení se cizím jazykům obsahující dvě složky: soustavnost úsilí a konzistenci zájmu. Z rodinných a vrstevnických charakteristik má na obě složky největší efekt četnost používání angličtiny s kamarády a rodinné investice do vzdělávání v angličtině. Soustavnost úsilí však více souvisí s rodinnými a vrstevnickými charakteristikami než konzistence zájmu. Ze sociodemografických charakteristik hraje roli, i po kontrole ostatních proměnných, gender a zřizovatel pro soustavnost úsilí, a typ školy pro konzistenci zájmu. Výsledky naznačují, že rozvoj houževnatosti by měl zohlednit rozdíly mezi jejími složkami a jejich vlivy.Grit, perseverance and passion for long term goals, is gaining attention from language learning researchers, yet insight into factors related to its development is limited. This study analyzes the relationship of the English as a foreign language learning grit with the selected economic and social characteristics of family (home possessions, English learning investments, discussing English learning) and peers (perceived peers’ financial means, English use with peers), and also sociodemographic characteristics (school type, founder, year of study, gender). The sample are 2,849 students from four-year grammar schools and four-year vocational schools focused on services or technology. The study employs a Czech version of a foreign language learning grit questionnaire capturing two subcomponents: perseverance of effort and consistency of interest. Among the family and peer characteristics, both subcomponents are most strongly related to English use with peers and family English learning investments. However, perseverance of effort is related to these characteristics more strongly than consistency of interest. Among sociodemographic characteristics, gender and school founder have an effect on perseverance of effort and school type on consistency of interest, even after controlling for other variables. Thus, when developing grit, its different subcomponents, and their respective relevant factors, should be considered
Od „Babylonský” řek k Vltavě. Exilové působení P. Josefa Čupra SJ (1934-2019)
Get PDFThe study informs about the work of the Jesuit P. Josef Čupr (1934–2019) in exile. The native of Býkovice studied civil engineering in Brno, however, after several years of practice, he decided to make his life plan come true – to study theology and become a priest. Czechoslovakia did not become the place of realization and thus Čupr joined the priestly exile in Rome, where he was ordained, and not long after joined the Societas Iesu. He was allowed to return to his homeland only after the fall of the Iron Curtain, when between 1991 and 1998 he was the head of the Czech Province of the Society of Jesus. For the purpose of this study, sources from state and private archives were collected. The primary data were then compared with specialist literature in order to present the exile events of P. Čupra against the background of that time. By following his life in exile and work as a Jesuit priest, the study also aims to find out the answer to why Čupr became the Czech provincial of the Society of Jesus in the 1990s and what were the starting points for his appointment
Über die Nähe zu den Dingen : Versuch einer Annäherung an den Begriff der Nähe bei Martin Heidegger
No full textV otázce po blízkosti jde o to, abychom porozuměli sami sobě. Přitom si můžeme všimnout, že blízkost zakoušíme ve zvláštním vztahu k dálce, dokonce se blízkost sama zdá být jistým způsobem blízká a přece vzdálená. Dalo by se mluvit o skrytosti blízkosti a blízkosti skrytosti: Blízkost neexistuje. Ovšem kdyby žádná blízkost nebyla, nemohli bychom se navzájem milovat, ani bychom nemohli zemřít. Co ale je blízkost? Ačkoliv umožňuje vztah k věcem, je spíše přítomna v odstupu a odtažitosti. Avšak tato odtažitost je taková, že nás táhne, v jejím tahu existujeme. V jejím tahu existujeme tak, že nejsme jednoduše k dispozici, nýbrž ek-sistujeme, v a z otevřenosti našeho pobytu můžeme být vždy sami sebou.In der Frage nach Nähe geht es darum, uns selbst zu verstehen. Dabei kann uns auffallen, dass wir Nähe in einem eigentümlichen Verhältnis zur Ferne erfahren, ja Nähe selbst scheint in einer gewissen Weise nahe und doch fern zu sein. Man könnte von der Verborgenheit der Nähe und der Nähe der Verborgenheit sprechen: Nähe gibt es nicht. Aber gäbe "es" keine Nähe, wir könnten einander weder lieben noch könnten wir sterben. Was aber ist Nähe? Obwohl sie den Bezug zu den Dingen ermöglicht, ist sie eher im Entzug da. Aber dieser Ent-Zug ist einer, der uns zieht, in dessen Zug wir existieren. In seinem Zug existieren wir so, dass wir nicht einfach vorhanden sind, sondern ek-sistieren, in und aus dem Offenen unseres Daseins je wir selber sein können
Knez Mačve Bela - "Rjurikovič" pretendent na Ugarski presto?
No full textBéla Rostislavich was the son of Prince of Galicia Rostislav Mikhailovich and Princess Anna, the daughter of Hungarian King Béla IV. Through his parents, he inherited the title of ruler of Mačva and (northern) Bosnia, territories located on the southern Hungarian–Balkan border. Owing to his influential mother, Anna, at the royal court and his sister Kunigunda, who became Queen of Bohemia as the wife of Přemysl Otakar II, he played a significant political role in Hungary and Hungarian–Bohemian relations from the mid–1260s until his tragic death in November 1272. Only one contemporary source, the author of the Continuatio Lambacensis chronicle, explicitly states that following the death of Hungarian King Stephen V, Béla attempted to usurp the throne (from the underage Ladislaus IV) and was consequently tragically killed by the Hungarians. In this study we examine various historiographical interpretations of whether Béla was indeed a candidate for the Hungarian throne backed by his relative, the Czech King Přemysl Otakar II, or if he fell victim to rumors, conspiracies and political struggles at the Hungarian royal court. This discussion raises another key question, which the paper explores: was the Prince of Mačva one of the few representatives of the Russian ruling dynasty who secretly emerged as a pretender to the Crown of Saint Stephen? From the perspective of identity, Béla was indeed a "Rurik" by descent, but his life circumstances positioned him primarily as a prominent member of the Hungarian royal family. This latter fact ultimately cost him his life
