Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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The impact of persuasion literacy training on anthropomorphization, privacy, and self-determined interactions with intelligent voice assistants
No full textIntelligent voice assistants (IVAs) are widely used, but they also risk influencing users without their knowledge. The anthropomorphic nature of IVAs can tempt users to disclose more personal information and trust IVAs more than intended. Therefore, targeted training is necessary to sensitize users and protect them from the persuasive potential of IVAs. This study developed and evaluated two online training modules designed to promote persuasion literacy among student samples. The modules cover the anthropomorphic characteristics of IVAs, their persuasive power, and potential countermeasures. The results indicate that the training improves understanding of persuasion by IVAs, raises awareness of their persuasive potential, and promotes recognition of persuasion attempts. Additionally, the training modules reduce anthropomorphic perceptions of IVAs and reinforce psychological aspects to ensure privacy and self-determined interaction. The training modules provide an innovative approach to enhancing the competent use of IVAs. As a result, they represent an exciting approach for research and educational institutions to further explore and promote persuasion literacy in the context of IVAs and other AI-related applications. Therefore, this work contributes to enhancing the accessibility of digital educational programs
Language Proficiency and School Failure: The Role of Entrance Exams for Foreign Pupils in Czech Education
No full textThis article addresses the challenges faced by pupils with a different mother tongue (hereafter referred to as 'foreign pupils') in the Czech educational system. It focuses on their preparation for the standardised entrance examination for four-year upper secondary schools, particularly in terms of language proficiency and teacher preparedness.The research is grounded in the implementation of the course, entitled 'Preparation for Entrance Exams to Secondary Schools', in the years 2024 and 2025. Additionally, it is informed by a meticulous linguistic analysis of examination materials in both the Czech language and mathematics.The findings unequivocally demonstrate that the requirements of these compulsory tests align with levels B2–C2 (as defined by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages [CEFR]), which falls short of the level that can be attained by foreign students receiving maximum statutory support during their final school years. The discrepancy between the expected language proficiency and the possible language training received by foreign pupils has been shown to increase the risk of school failure.The analysis further demonstrates that a deficiency in teachers' preparedness in the domains of Czech as a second language and intercultural communication diminishes the efficacy of pupil support. The study proposes measures to address this mismatch, including the realistic setting of language goals, the adaptation of assessment materials, systematic teacher training, and the strengthening of cooperation between schools and counselling institutions
Kde sa dá nájsť Orient? : porovnanie pohľadov rakúsko-uhorského lekára poľského pôvodu a osmanských cestovateľov na prelome 19. a 20. storočia na Balkán
No full textIn this paper, I aim to compare the different perspectives on the Balkans. The first perspective is that of an Austro-Hungarian physician who lived there during the Austro-Hungarian mandate. Others are of the Ottoman travelers who crossed the Balkans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. I analyze excerpts from an article written by the physician in Bosnia alongside Ottoman travelogues dealt with in the book From Istanbul to the End of the World. I aim to highlight both similarities and differences in their views, as well as set them into the wider context of the historical era. I argue this approach sheds light on the variety of perceptions of the Balkans prevalent during the late 19th and early 20th century. Moreover, it can spark a discussion about orientalist discourse and its forms, which in some ways remain to this day
Lepers from Spinalonga and Tichilești : victims of totalitarian regimes?
No full textThis article explores the ways in which the totalitarian regimes of Greece and Romania in the 20th century restricted literary writings or banned already published works about a group of people afflicted by fate-namely lepers, who were isolated in leper colonies. On the other hand, the article aims to investigate the extent to which the establishment of totalitarian regimes transformed leprosy patients in these two countries into socially ostracized individuals, making them victims of the political changes of the era. Furthermore, the influence of political decisions on the communities of patients in Spinalonga and Tichilești will be examined. Using a wide range of historical, medical, and literary sources, as well as interviews conducted at the former leprosarium in Romania, this study will analyse these materials to identify the factors that contributed to the isolation of the lepers in leper colonies at the beginning of the 20th century. Through these texts, a comparative analysis of the social stigma faced by lepers in both countries will be conducted, focusing primarily on the influence of the political class on the living conditions of the isolated patients, as well as on the literary works written about them. This investigation incorporates literary sources through figures such as Galateia Kazantzaki, Themos Kornaros, Petros Pikros, and Yiannis Gennaropoulos, as well as the Romanian journalist Brunea-Fox. Moreover, the Tichilești leprosarium in Romania is viewed through the testimonies of former patients, as well as through the description of Dr. Nicolae Romanescu, who worked there during the communist period and left behind manuscripts that were later published by his grandson in a book titled The Last Leprosarium
Literature and ideology in Roman times
No full textThe Second Sophistic is defined as the period of letters "rebirth" and the "rewriting" of the Greek past. The emperors of the time, mainly the Flavians, contributed to this development by highlighting the art of rhetoric through the writing of works and the establishment of schools. The Romans were aware of Greek tradition and Greek models, which they promoted, wishing to promote their political ideology and propaganda. The rhetoricians of the time, the sophists, engaged with and imitated the earlier classical authors. The historical past was a topic of interest. The reworking of familiar historical and mythological themes was a preoccupation in the schools of rhetoric, the result of which were "declamations", i.e. discourses of embellished presentation of the past. One of the rewriting subjects of the Greeks' history was the Persian Wars. Greco-Persian battles were extremely popular, as Spawforth (1994) and Swain (1996) note, ideologically serving both the Greeks and the Romans. The encouragement of this practice was accompanied by the provision of privileges and facilities, as literature was placed at the service and constituted a form of legitimization of the emperor's and the imperial state's role in protecting both halves of the civilized world
The museum and the cultural quarter : Feri Novak's cultural quarter in Murska Sobota (Slovenia)
No full textÚspěch kulturní čtvrti závisí především na lidech, jejich touze vytvářet lepší a kvalitnější život v rámci dané lokality, podpoře vedení města a především na spolupráci veřejného a soukromého sektoru. Teoretickým předpokladem je, že role muzea v kulturní čtvrti se zaměřuje na zprostředkování kulturního dědictví, které přispívá k budování identity, paměti, soudržnosti komunity, vztahu k danému místu a pocitu sounáležitosti. Kulturní čtvrť Feriho Novaka není v žádném případě utopickým projektem ani utopickou myšlenkou, ale představuje spíše vizi moderní koncepce rozvoje městské komunity.The success of a cultural quarter depends primarily on human resources, the desire to create a better and higher-quality life within the local area, the support of the city administration, and, most importantly, the collaboration between the public and private sectors. Within the framework of theoretical predispositions, the role of the museum in a cultural district focuses on the communication of cultural heritage, which contributes to the strengthening of identity, memory, community cohesion, sense of place, and a sense of belonging. Feri Novak's Cultural Quarter is by no means a utopian project, nor is it a utopian idea; rather, it represents a vision of a modern concept for the development of an urban community
Introduction: Connectedness and vulnerability: literature as a space for reflection on identity and crisis narratives
No full textThis introduction explores the intricate interplay of connectedness and vulnerability as central themes in literature, focusing on their representation in identity and crisis narratives. Against the backdrop of ecological and societal challenges – such as the climate crisis, globalization, and identity politics – the essay examines how literary texts serve as a reflective space for negotiating fragile connections and the tensions between self and other. Drawing on interdisciplinary frameworks, including network theory and the sociology of loss, the text highlights literature's capacity to mediate between historical and contemporary contexts, producing hybrid, fragmented, and polyphonic narratives that challenge and redefine boundaries. These reflections were further enriched through a transnational collaboration between the University of Regensburg, the Masaryk University Brno, and the Fritz Hüser Institute for Literature and Culture of the Working World in Dortmund, fostering an exchange of perspectives on concepts such as network theory and connectedness
"Und er drüben: ich selbst" : the Pagat as a trickster in Gustav Meyrink's The Golem
No full textThis paper examines the role of the tarot card The Magician (here also The Pagat) as a trickster in Gustav Meyrink's The Golem (1915). Following theorists such as Arnold van Gennep and Victor Turner, the plot is interpreted as an occult initiation process in which the protagonist encounters the Tarot at crucial stages. At the centre of the investigation is the aforementioned card, whose complex imagery symbolises the overcoming of an intermediate threshold state of initiation. At the same time, it predicts the achievement of the final goal, in this case immortality. The Magician highlights the transition between the initial and final state of the protagonist's path to salvation and mediates between these entities
O queísmo com predicados verbais no registo escrito do português europeu padrão contemporâneo
No full textThis paper discusses the tendency to omit argumental prepositions before the conjunction que 'that', i.e. before declarative finite complement clauses. Several prepositions are scrutinised, mainly de 'of', em 'in', com 'with', and para 'for'. The focus is on the (neutral or formal) written registers of contemporary European Portuguese, as documented, for example, in newspaper texts or in translated fiction. After a brief literature review, quantitative data obtained from systematic queries in corpora is used to characterise the trend in question, with an emphasis on the verbs it most frequently co-occurs with. This data may be useful for different language professionals (in areas such as teaching, translation or proofreading). It is underlined that verbs are grouped into different classes, depending on the frequency of the omission at stake, and that these classes associate with differences in the speakers' perception of greater or lesser adequacy in highly formal contexts.Neste trabalho, analisa-se a tendência para suprimir preposições argumentais antes da conjunção integrante que, isto é, antes de orações completivas declarativas finitas. São consideradas diversas preposições, em especial de, em, com e para. O foco é no registo escrito (neutro ou formal) do português europeu contemporâneo, tal como documentado, por exemplo, em texto jornalístico ou em texto ficcional traduzido. Após uma breve revisão da literatura, são apresentados dados quantitativos resultantes de pesquisas sistemáticas em corpora sobre a tendência em causa, sendo destacados os verbos com que ela mais frequentemente se manifesta. Estes dados poder ser úteis para diferentes profissionais da língua (em áreas como o ensino, a tradução, ou a revisão de texto). Observa-se que os verbos se agrupam em diferentes classes, em função da frequência do queísmo, e que estas envolvem diferenças na perceção dos falantes sobre a maior ou menor adequação das formas a contextos de elevada formalidade
Riflessioni sull'edizione critica della Gynevera de le clare donne, di Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti
No full textThe existence of a single 19th century publication of the work Gynevera de le clare donne, by the Bolognese Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti, composed around the end of the 15th century, made it necessary to elaborate a critical edition based on all the manuscript and printed testimonies that have been preserved to date. In the introduction to this work, will analyse the historical and social context that framed Sabadino degli Arienti's masterpiece – dedicated to Ginevra Sforza, Lady of Bologna – in which he describes the qualities of thirty-three women of admirable virtues. Afterwards, reference will be made to the state of the art, studies and research carried out in recent years on the Gynevera de le clare donne. In addition, the critical apparatus will be described, giving some examples of the different variants highlighted in the recently published critical edition, the result of in-depth analysis of Arienti's manuscript codices held in the State Archive in Bologna and the Palatine Library in Parma.L'esistenza di un'unica pubblicazione ottocentesca dell'opera Gynevera de le clare donne, del bolognese Giovanni Sabadino degli Arienti, composta intorno alla fine del XV secolo, ha reso necessario elaborare un'edizione critica basata su tutte le testimonianze manoscritte e stampate che sono state conservate fino ad oggi. Nell'introduzione del presente lavoro si analizzerà brevemente il contesto storico e sociale che ha fatto da cornice al capolavoro di Sabadino degli Arienti – dedicato a Ginevra Sforza, signora di Bologna – in cui descrive le qualità di trentatré donne di ammirevoli virtù. Dopodiché si farà riferimento allo stato dell'arte, studi e ricerche portati avanti in questi ultimi anni sulla Gynevera de le clare donne. Inoltre, verrà descritto l'apparato critico fornendo alcuni esempi delle diverse varianti evidenziate nell'edizione critica appena pubblicata, risultato dell'analisi approfondita dei codici manoscritti dell'Arienti custoditi presso l'Archivio di Stato di Bologna e la Biblioteca Palatina di Parma