Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
Not a member yet
25996 research outputs found
Sort by
Vision and Reality in the Recruitment and Hiring of New Teachers: The Perspective of Pedagogical Leaders and Novice Teachers
No full textV této studii se zabývám procesem výběru a přijímáním začínajících učitelů do českých škol. Výsledky vychází z analýzy kvalitativních hloubkových rozhovorů se šesti začínajícími učitelkami, čtyřmi řediteli a dvěma zástupci, kteří přijali tyto učitelky ve školním roce 2022/2023 do škol. Na základě výpovědí těchto aktérů jsem hledal odpovědět na to, jaké postupy lídři používají při výběru nových zaměstnanců, jaké důvody vedou lídry k výběru vhodného kandidáta, jakou roli v tomto výběru hraje vize školy a jaká očekávání mají od nově přijímaných učitelů. Identifikuji různá pojetí vizí lídrů, kterými se při výběru učitelů řídí. Analýza dat přesto odhalila, že lídři se ve volbě učitelek rozhodovali především podle osobních sympatií a vzájemného souznění během přijímacího rozhovoru. Zároveň analýza ukázala, že očekávání lídrů nebyla učitelkami dostatečně pochopena. Tohle nepochopení postupem času vedlo učitelky k přehodnocení své role a jejich postavení ve škole. Mnohdy je vedlo i k otázkám, zda chtějí ve škole nadále zůstat, či školu opustit.In this study, I examine the process of recruting and hiring novice teachers in Czech schools. The results are based on an analysis of qualitative in-depth interviews with six novice teachers and six pedagogical leaders who recruited these teachers to schools in the 2022/2023 school year. Based on the narratives of these participants, I sought to answer what practices leaders use when selecting new teachers, what reasons leaders give for selecting a suitable candidate, what role the vision of the school plays in this selection process, and what expectations leaders have of newly hired teachers. I identify the different conceptions of leaders' visions that guide their teacher selection process. The data analysis reveals that leaders made their decisions in selecting the teachers under study mainly based on their personal sympathies and rapport during the recruitment interview. At the same time, the analysis revealed that the leaders' expectations were not sufficiently understood by the teachers. This lack of understanding over time led the teachers to re-evaluate their roles and their positions in the school, often influencing their thinking and often leading them to question whether they wanted to stay or leave the school
Redefinition of Sexual Offences in Czech Criminal Law
Get PDFV tomto článku popisuji proces, který v České republice vedl ke změně trestněprávní úpravy sexuálních deliktů. Analyzuji hlavní rysy právní úpravy účinné od 1. 1. 2025: trestnost sexuálního jednání proti seznatelné vůli druhého, vyloučení nepenetrativních sexuálních aktivit z trestného činu znásilnění, doplnění zákonné definice bezbrannosti, určení, že děti do dvanácti let jsou vždy bezbranné a koncepční pročištění trestného činu sexuálního nátlaku. Na základě analýzy české a evropské rozhodovací praxe dospívám k závěru, že rozsah kriminalizovaného jednání před redefinicí a po ní nemusí být velký v rovině právních norem, ale může být značný v aplikační praxi.In this article, I describe the process that has led to changes in the criminal law relating to sexual offences in the Czech Republic. I analyse the main characteristics of the legislation effective from 1 January 2025: the criminalization of sexual acts against the cognizable will of another, the exclusion of non-penetrative sexual activities from the crime of rape, the addition of a statutory definition of defencelessness, the stipulation that children under twelve are always defenceless, and the conceptual clarification of the crime of sexual coercion. Based on an analysis of Czech and European case law, I conclude that the difference in the scope of criminalised conduct before and after these changes may not be substantial in theory but may be considerable in practice
К вопросу о «концепции "положительно-прекрасного" человека» в творчестве Н.С. Лескова
No full textThe article deals with the concept of "positive and wonderful human being" in the N. S. Leskov artistic creation, influenced by the writer's theological focus, relating the time of the creation of the literary production and the stage of artistic evolution and worldview of the author. It is assumed that the Leskov concept of "a positive and beautiful person" was formed in the 80's. Purposeful artistic-aesthetic aim for "a positive and beautiful" hero probably correlates with this period. In the 60's–80's the artist's aim did not consist of depicting a positive ("a positive and beautiful") / negative type but in artistic-aesthetic depiction of differential immanent features of "a Russian character"
Pozapomenutá linie ruské literatury: kataklyzmatický kosmismus, jinakost a identita
No full textThe author of the present article deals with the so-called Russian cosmism, now the extremely popular phenomenon analysed in special books, anthologies, and studies all over the world, which is usually connected with the philosophy of Nikolay Fedorov and his Russian followers, writers and scientists, such as Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Vladimir Vernadsky, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, even the French neothomist Teilhard de Chardin and others. The main goal of this treatise is to manifest dominant thematic and conceptual layers of the Russian lyric poetry of the end of the 18th- and the first third of the 19th century, similar to the ideas of German romanticism (die deutsche Romantik) grasping the human life and the existence of cosmos as one whole: the cosmic space is the location the humankind came to and also the refuge which it aims at. The cataclysmic poetry by Vasily Zhukovsky, Konstantin Batyushkov, Yevgeny Boratynski, and Fyodor Tyutchev—many years before Fedorov, Vernadsky and others, formulated the basis of the future philosophy of cosmism and at the same time represents the real aesthetic top of world lyric poetry linked with the most contemporary ideas of otherness, identity and self-identity as the search for them demonstrates the genuine core of its effort
Analyzing Student Performance in Connection with Learning Disorders and Extracurricular Activities in Foreign Language Classes
No full textIn our study, we investigate the academic performances of students with atypical developmental pathways (dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia) as compared to students without these disorders. Specifically, we consider how their performance is influenced by participation in classes with varying curricula and by their family background. To do this, we analyze data from the Hungarian National Competency Measurement 2019, tenth grade (83,751 students), of whom 1,515 students had one or more learning disorders (dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia). The students were enrolled in the standard curriculum, in intensive foreign language learning experiences, or in an increased number of lessons. We conducted a secondary analysis of the SPSS by creating two- and three-dimensional ANOVA tables and cross-tabulation analysis. Family background is examined using a central complex variable created from several variables by the Hungarian Education Office. Our results show that learning disabled students enrolled in a foreign language class have higher competence performance scores in both reading comprehension and mathematics than learning disabled students enrolled in a standard curriculum class, but lower than those enrolled in a class with an increased number of lessons; the same pattern is seen in participation in extracurricular activities. It seems that higher-achieving students enroll in advanced level foreign language training, but participants in advanced level training in other subjects are able to achieve even higher results, which may be due to family background. Different learning disorders affect student performance, but overall, the order set up based on student performance in classes with different curricula is the same for students with typical and atypical development.In our study, we investigate the academic performances of students with atypical developmental pathways (dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia) as compared to students without these disorders. Specifically, we consider how their performance is influenced by participation in classes with varying curricula and by their family background. To do this, we analyze data from the Hungarian National Competency Measurement 2019, tenth grade (83,751 students), of whom 1,515 students had one or more learning disorders (dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyscalculia). The students were enrolled in the standard curriculum, in intensive foreign language learning experiences, or in an increased number of lessons. We conducted a secondary analysis of the SPSS by creating two- and three-dimensional ANOVA tables and cross-tabulation analysis. Family background is examined using a central complex variable created from several variables by the Hungarian Education Office. Our results show that learning disabled students enrolled in a foreign language class have higher competence performance scores in both reading comprehension and mathematics than learning disabled students enrolled in a standard curriculum class, but lower than those enrolled in a class with an increased number of lessons; the same pattern is seen in participation in extracurricular activities. It seems that higher-achieving students enroll in advanced level foreign language training, but participants in advanced level training in other subjects are able to achieve even higher results, which may be due to family background. Different learning disorders affect student performance, but overall, the order set up based on student performance in classes with different curricula is the same for students with typical and atypical development
Review: Information ethics in human-information relations in information science
No full textRecenze knihy Jely Steinerové Informačná etika vo vzťahoch človeka a informácie v informačnej vede. Recenze shrnuje zásadní přínosy knihy i její strukturální a paradigmatické vymezení.Review of Jela Steinerova's book Information Ethics in Human-Information Relations in Information Science. The review summarizes the major contributions of the book as well as its structural and paradigmatic delineation
The Effect of Parkour Concept on Functional Mobility in Older Adults
Get PDFIntroduction: One of the limiting factors in the quality of life of seniors is the increased risk of falls. According to the National Institute of Public Health (NIPH), falls occur naturally most often in daily activities. Many types of physical activity have already been tested in relation to fall prevention. We come up with a new type of exercise, modified parkour for older adults. Objective: The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the Parkour concept on functional mobility in older adults. Patients and Methods: Twenty older adults without cognitive or neurological deficits (> 26 points in the MoCa test) completed a 10-week exercise program. The program included the practice of overcoming obstacles of various shapes and sizes and the practice of fall techniques under the guidance of an instructor. The level of functional mobility was evaluated using the Timed Up and Go test (TUG 1), the Timed Up and Go test Cognitive, and the Timed Up and Go test manual (TUG 3) and functional reach test (Reach) before and after completing the exercise program. Results: Although participants in the parkour intervention program showed good results in the reach test before starting it, they were able to improve significantly. The effect of the parkour concept is not statistically significant for the functional mobility measured by the TUG tests. The difference is small by Cohen’s effect size (d = 0.22 and d=0.26). There was a slight improvement in the functional mobility test without another task (TUG1) and the modified test with another movement task (TUG3). There was no significant change in the modified cognitive test (TUG2). Conclusion: Modified parkour is a new activity that requires more scientific research. For this age group, we consider a positive improvement in any part of physical fitness
Historiographical Aspects of Preparing a Creative Master Teacher, Professional in the Ukrainian Educational Tradition
Get PDFThe article presents the results of a comprehensive study of the historiographical aspects of the evolution of pedagogical personnel education in the Ukrainian educational tradition, aimed at achieving the heights of creativity, mastery and professionalism in pedagogical work. This research focuses on historical periods of formation and development of theoretical and methodological instruments for analysis of the substantive pillars of pedagogical profession and preparatory courses for future teachers in Ukraine from ancient times to the lastest decades
JANČAŘÍK, Zdeněk – BALÍK, Stanislav – ŠEBEK, Jaroslav. Český bůh: hovory o historii, víře a ateismu. Praha,Vyšehrad, 2023. 312 pp.
Get PDFCzech God: Conversations on history, faith and atheism is a book of interviews featuring the Salesian priest Zdeněk Jančařík, who invited historian and political scientist Stanislav Balík along with historian Jaroslav Šebek to engage in discussions on this topic. As all three confess in the book, they share - besides their expertise in historical context - a personal connection of living out the Catholic faith. Together they decided to share and present the role of this religion in Czech history. This is a three-part conversation between men who embark on an adventurous quest to discover the "Czech God" within Czech history