Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
Not a member yet
25996 research outputs found
Sort by
Estonian and Georgian School Leaders' Perceptions of Their Tasks, Work-Related Challenges, and Resources
No full textSchool leaders face complex responsibilities, increasing workloads, resource constraints, and stakeholder expectations that affect their professional performance. This study aims to understand how school leaders in Estonia and Georgia, two post-Soviet countries with different transitional trajectories and school governance models, perceive their main tasks, challenges, and resources. Data were collected through a survey of 39 Estonian and 49 Georgian school leaders in 2024. The leaders in both countries primarily perform the tasks related to curriculum development, its implementation, and teacher professional growth with distinct approaches. The comparative analysis shows that Estonian leaders emphasize goal setting, collaborative culture, and teacher development in their work; Georgian leaders prioritize student-related activities, monitoring of the learning and teaching processes, and quality assurance. The results reveal that daily operations are one of the most time-consuming and challenging tasks for school leaders from both countries. Estonian leaders face challenges related to teacher recruitment, relations, and workload; Georgians deal mostly with resource constraints and curriculum implementation. To cope with their challenges, both groups rely on personal competencies and collegial support, but Estonian leaders have more diverse internal and external support than their Georgian counterparts. Our study offers understanding of how school leaders perceive their complex work, shaped by each country's historical transitions. The findings provide insight for the further development of school leadership policy measures and support systems.School leaders face complex responsibilities, increasing workloads, resource constraints, and stakeholder expectations that affect their professional performance. This study aims to understand how school leaders in Estonia and Georgia, two post-Soviet countries with different transitional trajectories and school governance models, perceive their main tasks, challenges, and resources. Data were collected through a survey of 39 Estonian and 49 Georgian school leaders in 2024. The leaders in both countries primarily perform the tasks related to curriculum development, its implementation, and teacher professional growth with distinct approaches. The comparative analysis shows that Estonian leaders emphasize goal setting, collaborative culture, and teacher development in their work; Georgian leaders prioritize student-related activities, monitoring of the learning and teaching processes, and quality assurance. The results reveal that daily operations are one of the most time-consuming and challenging tasks for school leaders from both countries. Estonian leaders face challenges related to teacher recruitment, relations, and workload; Georgians deal mostly with resource constraints and curriculum implementation. To cope with their challenges, both groups rely on personal competencies and collegial support, but Estonian leaders have more diverse internal and external support than their Georgian counterparts. Our study offers understanding of how school leaders perceive their complex work, shaped by each country's historical transitions. The findings provide insight for the further development of school leadership policy measures and support systems
Lower Miocene fluvial deposits in the surroundings of Nové Bránice
Get PDFSedimentological study of the deposits at the locality near Nové Bránice provides data about Eggenburgian–Ottnangian deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep basin in the area. Altogether 9 lithofacies have been identified and deposits of the two facies associations/ depositional environment have been recognised in the outcrop. The first one is represented by deposits of the fluvial channel formed by traction currents of poorly confined waterflows. In-channel bedforms (2D and 3D gravelly and sandy dunes) represent their prominent part. Braided fluvial style is supposed with important role of variation in fluvial discharge. Paleocurrent data signalises transport towards SE, S or SSW. The deposits of the second facies associations (covering the deposits of the first facies association) are interpreted as proximal overbank deposits related to flood events with important role of aggradation.Provenance analysis of the fluvial deposits is based on the evaluation of petrography of pebbles, transparent heavy mineral assemblages, composition of garnet and rutile, and zircon studies). The assessment of the gamma-ray spectra provides supplementary data. An important role of relatively local sources has been recognised represented dominantly by local granitoids and metamorphics of the Brno Massif (primary source). The role of the next crystalline complexes (Moldanubicum, Moravian Zone) in provenance was minor. Moreover, a role of intense reworking and redeposition of material from older deposits (as recycled secondary source) is supposed. Studied fluvial system continued towards the centre of the peripheral foreland basin
It is by walking that one learns: The importance of walking and making mistakes in Tupi Guarani education
Get PDFTento článek se zaměřuje na vzdělávací praktiky kmene Tupi Guarani. Vychází z mých etnografických zkušeností ze dvou domorodých území Tupi Guarani na pobřeží brazilského státu São Paulo. Rozhovory s učiteli, studenty a odborníky z řad Tupi Guarani uvnitř i mimo domorodé školy naznačují, že tento komplexní systém poznání je založen na etice dobrého a špatného způsobu existence. Dobrý způsob (teko porã) a špatný způsob (teko vai) jsou definovány slovy Nhanderu (Stvořitele), který Tupi Guarani provází na jejich cestě výukou a učením. Podle Tupi Guarani se učení podobá putování mezi stezkami – tyto stezky jsou mnohonásobné a decentralizované, jako když procházíš lesem. Tvrdím, že tento poznávací a etický systém se od našeho liší tím, jaký klade důraz na chyby, neboť z perspektivy Tupi Guarani je chybování nezbytnou součástí cesty. Ve vzdělávacím kontextu bych řekl, že udělat chybu je jako zakopnout na stezce: poutník/student ji vnímá jako bod obratu, který otevírá nové možnosti a světy.This article focuses on the educational practices of the Tupi Guarani people. It is based on my ethnographic experiences in two Tupi Guarani indigenous lands on the coast of São Paulo, Brazil. Dialogue with teachers, students, and Tupi Guarani specialists inside and outside of Indigenous schools suggests that this complex knowledge system is based on an ethic of good and bad ways of existence. The good way (teko porã) and the bad way (teko vai) are defined by the words of Nhanderu (the Creator), which guide Tupi Guarani people as they journey through teaching and learning. According to the Tupi Guarani, learning is akin to walking between paths. These paths are multiple and decentralised, like walking through a forest. I argue that this knowledge-ethical system differs from our own due to its emphasis on mistakes. From a Tupi Guarani perspective, making mistakes seems to be an indispensable element of taking a path. In an educational setting, I would argue that making a mistake is like stumbling along the path: the walker/student sees it as a turning point, creating new possibilities and new worlds
The Czech Practice of Suspension of Execution of Unconditional Imprisonment and Waiver of Execution of Unconditional Imprisonment for Health Reasons
Get PDFČlánek se věnuje praxi institutů přerušení výkonu trestu odnětí svobody a upuštění od výkonu trestu odnětí svobody ze zdravotních důvodů. Tyto instituty reagují na závažný zdravotní stav odsouzeného, který je neslučitelný s probíhajícím výkonem trestu odnětí svobody. Tato ustanovení jsou v článku rozebrána v rámci teorie i praxe na základě zaslaných rozhodnutí. Prostřednictvím zkoumané soudní praxe se pokusím odpovědět zejména na otázky, jak často je v těchto věcech rozhodováno, zda jsou rozdíly mezi praxí jednotlivých soudů, jak často soudy žádostem vyhoví, kdo jsou žadatelé, jaké zdravotní problémy obvykle vedou k aplikací institutů, jaké další faktory soudy při rozhodování zohledňují (zejm. zda je zohledněna délka uloženého trestu nebo chování odsouzeného ve VTOS), co se děje s odsouzenými poté, co bylo rozhodnuto o žádostech, a zda lze stanovit přesnější kritéria pro tato rozhodnutí. Následně je zkoumaná praxe zhodnocena včetně úvah de lege ferenda.The article focuses on application in practice of the institutes of suspension of execution of unconditional imprisonment and waiver of execution of unconditional imprisonment for health reasons. These institutes are reacting to the severe health conditions of a convicted person that is incompatible with a continuing execution of unconditional imprisonment. These institutes are in the article discussed in the context of theory and practice on basis of the sent decisions. Through the analysis of the sent decisions I will try to answer these questions in particular: how often such a cases are decided, if there are any differences between practice of different courts, how often courts comply the applications, who are the applicants, which health issues usually lead to the application of institutes, what are the other factors that courts take into consideration (especially if the lenght of imposed sentence or applicant’s behavior during imprisonment are taken into constideration), what happens after the decision is made and if is possible to introduce more precise criteria for these decisions. In conclusion the examinated practice is evaluated including de lege ferenda proposals
Not so ephemeral after all: Longitudinal associations between emerging adults' engagement with ephemeral social media features, production stress, and social capital
No full textMany social media platforms have introduced ephemeral features in recent years, which either limit how often content can be viewed (e.g., Snaps on Snapchat) or how long it remains accessible (e.g., Stories on Instagram). Despite its popularity, costs and benefits of ephemeral feature engagement for (young people’s) psychological and social well-being are unclear. Such features may provide benefits like resource-efficient means to cultivate bonding and bridging capital. On the cost side, engagement may involve production-related digital stress as a consequence of posts’ limited lifespan, possibly tainting social relationships. Structural equation modeling using data from a two-wave panel survey among youth (NW1 = 978 & NW2 = 415; 16–21 years old) suggests ephemeral feature engagement can be predicted by bonding capital and may result in production stress. Production stress, however, was related to reduced bridging capital. These findings point toward an interplay between motivations for engaging ephemeral features, psychological and interpersonal consequences
Are participatory museums a declared priority? : a critical analysis of institutional statements in Spanish museums
No full textDnes je muzeum otevřenější a demokratičtější než kdy dříve. Je však také participativní? Ačkoli množství aktivit zapojujících návštěvníky do rozhodování vzrostlo, představují jen nepatrný zlomek z celkového objemu činnosti muzejní instituce. S ohledem na tuto skutečnost je důležité si položit otázku, zda je participace skutečně klíčovým prvkem muzea 21. století, který je důležitý pro jeho budoucnost, nebo zda její význam není v současnosti přeceňovaný. Tento článek představuje výsledky studie sledující, v jaké míře se participace objevuje v dokumentech vypracovaných španělskými muzei, které mají nastínit jejich strategie a cíle, definovat jejich teoretický rámec a odrážet hodnoty, které zastávají. Cílem této analýzy je lépe pochopit, jakou roli hraje participace mezi cíli současného muzea.Nowadays the museum is more open and democratic than ever; however, is it also participatory? Although the number of initiatives involving visitors in decisionmaking has increased, these remain anecdotal within the institution’s overall activities. Considering this, it is important to ask whether participation is a key element of the 21st-century museum, an expectation for its future, or if it is not as significant as one might assume. This text presents a study on the presence of participation in documents that Spanish museums draft to outline their strategies and objectives, providing them with a theoretical framework and reflecting the values they uphold. The aim of this analysis is to better understand the role that participation plays among the objectives of the contemporary museum
Velhos caminhos e novos horizontes : a descoberta do português brasileiro na gramaticografia italiana da língua portuguesa
No full textAs part of a larger research project aimed - in the wake of Tarallo's original and fruitful insight - at reconstructing the history of the emergence of Brazilian Portuguese through the production of grammatical compendia of the Portuguese language published both in Brazil and abroad, this paper focuses specifically on the earliest, tentative signs of Brazilian variants within Italian grammatical works. Drawing on three grammars of the so-called "Portuguese-Brazilian" language published in Italy during the first half of the 20th century, the analysis presented here does not limit itself to looking at the phenomena that appear to be gradually – and at times almost unconsciously - shaping a distinct Brazilian Portuguese still in its embryonic form, but also considers these features in light of how they were described in various grammatical and linguistic studies produced in Brazil, both before and after the Italian texts. In doing so, it contributes indirectly and retrospectively to an unexpected and, in certain respects, illuminating dialogue between past and present understandings of this linguistic variety.No âmbito de um projeto de pesquisa de maior alcance, visando - na esteira da fecunda intuição originária de Tarallo - a reconstrução da história da emergência do Português Brasileiro na produção de compêndios gramaticais de língua portuguesa publicados tanto no Brasil como no exterior, o presente trabalho pretende se debruçar sobre os primeiros tímidos indícios de variantes brasileiras na congênere gramaticografia italiana. De fato, a partir de três gramáticas da língua "portuguesa-brasileira" vindas a lume na Itália na primeira metade do séc. XX, a análise que aqui se apresenta não se limita a abordar os fenômenos que parecem paulatinamente dar corpo, às vezes de modo quase inconsciente, àquele espaço da diferença representado por um Português Brasileiro ali ainda em embrião, mas os lê também na contraluz das suas descrições em alguns estudos gramaticais e linguísticos produzidos (antes ou em seguida) no Brasil, contribuindo assim indireta e retrospectivamente para um diálogo inesperado e, sob certos aspectos, iluminador entre o passado e o presente desta variedade