Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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An eloquent woman in the council of men : Theodora Kantakouzene - princess, politician and prisoner in the era of the Byzantine civil wars (1321-1342)
No full textOverseeing family estates, advising the emperor and his officials, financing war, and enduring torture – this article follows the life and activities of an exceptional fourteenth-century Byzantine princess, Theodora Angelina Palaiologina Kantakouzene, one of very few late medieval women involved in the political affairs of the empire. In piecing together this unusual biography, the author seeks to understand Theodora's life within the cultural and political context of the late Byzantine Empire, inquiring in the final passage as to why she was never chastised for her actions within the unarguably masculine domains of politics and war
Unlikely allies? : envoys from the Bohemian lands to the Court of Grand Duke Švitrigaila
No full textThis study investigates the diplomatic missions from the Bohemian lands to the court of Grand Duke Švitrigaila of Lithuania during the late medieval period. It examines the evolution of international diplomacy in the Bohemian lands during the "Hussite century" and the complex interactions among various factions within the Hussite movement, the Catholic Church, and European rulers' courts. The study highlights the political motivations behind these missions, which often transcended religious affiliations, and the shifting alliances that emerged. By analysing primary sources, such as reports dispatched by ambassadors, the study illuminates the intricate diplomatic manoeuvres and the roles of both prominent and lesser-known figures in these historical events
Forgotten and rediscovered Pavel V. Annenkov : (from the historiography of Russian liberal thought)
No full textPavel V. Annenkov (1812 or 1813 to 1887) is now a forgotten personality, known only to specialists, but in his time, he was a remarkable figure in Russian literature and social life. He was the author of the first biography of Pushkin and the editor of the first collected five-volume edition of his works; he was also the author of the still-quoted memoirs and biographical essays on many key figures of Russian culture; last but not least, together with A. V. Druzhinin and V. P. Botkin, he was one of the representatives of the so-called aesthetic literary criticism, which opposed the literary criticism of the radicals (democrats). After his death, he was quickly forgotten. This article summarises the existing literature on Annenkov. No monograph has been written on him, and his works remained poorly available in 19th-century editions for many years. It has gradually changed since the 1980s. In the second half of the 20th century, scholarly interest in Annenkov grew, but historians studied him almost exclusively in the context of Russian liberalism. They have concentrated on his works from the 1840s and 1850s. In contrast, his works from the 1860s to the 1880s remained neglected, although Annenkov's literary memoirs are among the most important sources on Russian intellectual life in the 1840s and 1850s. The most critical studies on Annenkov are the articles by B. Yegorov (1965 and 1968), a book on early Russian liberalism by B. Offord (1985) and a biographical survey by N. G. Zhekulin (2005)
Николай I forever : о неосуществлённых замыслах Булата Окуджавы в свете его осуществлённой прозы
No full textBulat Shalvovich Okudzhava (1924–1997) is a poet-bard, one of the founders of the Russian genre called author's song or an underground Guitar-Poetry movement. Spread of the underground "tape recordered culture” in the Soviet Union had provided a promotion of Okudzhava's author's songs. But, from the beginning to the end, Okudzhava was also a historical novelist, and not every his historical project could be realized. He mentioned two of his unrealized projects during his conversation in the Prague Pen Club after the last public concert in his life (1995, October 29): the 1st was about Pugachov and the 2nd was about Nicolas I. To find in history the precedents from the past which really apply to the immediate moment is not so simple as many would like to believe. He who would search for the lessons of experience will never reach the end. So the sense of representation (and influence!) of the historical memory in the legal Soviet literature was not to create an eternal model of empire but to liberate and provide some archetypes of Russian national characters, who's actuality Okudzhava felt even after the empire's (temporary?) death
Morphosyntactic doubling in language mixing : some puzzles and challenges
No full textIn this paper, I will discuss two cases involving morphosyntactic doubling (doubling of possessive clitics and doubling of auxiliaries) in language mixing and show how features of language mixing reflect general principles of syntactic knowledge. The paper is couched in the line of recent work which employs realizational (and post-syntactic) models of morphology in the case of mixing and assumes that language mixing does not require special rules. Multiple exponents to realize particular morpho-syntactic features are more readily allowed if the items come from different languages. Moreover, the type of doubling discussed here will be shown to inform our theories of the syntaxmorphology-PF interface as well as of the timing and ordering of morpho-phonological processes such as Vocabulary Insertion and Linearization
Automation of Judicial Decision-making as Protection of Non-distributive Rights
Get PDFText sa zameriava na nedistributívne práva a možnosť ich ochrany prostredníctvom zavedenia automatizovaného rozhodovania. K tomu najprv obecne predstavuje koncepciu nedistributívnych práv (vychádzajúc z Holländerovej koncepcie), následne sa práca pokúsi identifikovať nedistributívny aspekt, ktorého ochrana by mohla byť zavádzaním automatizácie chránená. Vo vzťahu k tomu sa práca zameria na možnú nedistributívnu zložku práva na spravodlivý proces, ako práva na funkčnú súdnu ochranu, s prihliadnutím k judikatúre ESĽP. Analogicky k tomu bude použitá ochrana pred kveruláciami. V záver bude práca pomeriavať zásah do individuálneho práva na spravodlivý proces voči obecne adresovanej efektívnosti súdnej sústavy, s ohľadom na materiálny spravodlivý proces (včasný prijateľný výsledok) vs. formálny spravodlivý proces (formálne spravodlivý neskorší výsledok). Malo by sa tak jednať o konceptualizáciu, resp. prebranie konceptu nedistributívnosti práv a jej následné použitie na posúdenie možností zavádzanie automatizovaného rozhodovania v súdnych procesoch.The text focuses on non-distributive rights and the possibility of protecting them through the introduction of automated decision-making. To do so, it first introduces the concept of non-distributive rights in general (based on Holländer's conception), then the thesis attempts to identify the non-distributive aspect that could be protected by the introduction of automation. In relation to this, the work will focus on the possible non-distributive component of the right to a fair trial, as a right to effective judicial protection, taking into account the case law of the ECtHR. An analogous approach to this will be studied through the protection against bad faith complaints. Finally, the paper will contrast the interference with the individual right to a fair trial against the generally addressed efficiency of the judicial system, with respect to substantive fair trial (timely acceptable outcome) vs. formal fair trial (formally fair delayed outcome). Thus, it should be a conceptualisation or adoption of the concept of non-distributive rights and its subsequent use to assess the possibility of introducing automated decision-making in judicial processes
Donald Regan vs. The Service Concept of Authority
No full textDonald Regan usiloval předložit konkurenční teorii autority k té, jíž navrhl Joseph Raz pod názvem servisní koncepce autority. Regan se od servisní koncepce odchyluje především v otázce, zda autorita poskytuje nové důvody k jednání. Zatímco podle Raze autorita poskytuje nové důvody k jednání, tak podle Regana nikoliv. V tomto článku přepisuji Reganovu teorii autority do pojmosloví robustního poskytování důvodů, které nabídl v několika svých článcích David Enoch. Aplikací Enochova pojmosloví usiluji prokázat, že i Reganova koncepce nakonec předpokládá poskytování nových důvodů autoritou.Donald Regan sought to present a competing theory of authority to that proposed by Joseph Raz under the name of the service conception of authority. Regan departs from the service conception primarily on the question of whether authority provides new reasons for action (i.e., practical reasons). Whereas, according to Raz, authority provides new reasons to act, according to Regan, it does not. In this article, I rewrite Regan’s theory of authority into the terminology of the robust reason-giving offered by David Enoch in several of his articles. By applying Enoch’s terminology, I show that Regan’s conception also presupposes the provision of new reasons by authority
(Dis)Connected: Finding the link between problematic use of internet, parent-child communication and academic performance in emerging adults
No full textInformation and Communication Technologies (ICT) play a central role in the lives of emerging adults, offering both opportunities and challenges. While ICT facilitates communication and access to information, its problematic use has raised concerns about its impact on family relationships and academic performance during this developmental stage. This cross-sectional study aims to describe the use of ICT in academic context and analyse differences between groups considering the problematic use of the internet, the perception of academic performance and parent-child communication in a sample of college students (N = 201, aged between 18 to 29). In addition to instruments for sociodemographic characterisation and of ICT use, Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale-2 and Perception Scale of Parenting Communication-Emerging Adults were used. The results suggest that young people with problematic use of internet for non-academic purposes tend to report poorer communication with their parents, particularly their fathers. Additionally, half of the sample exhibited moderate problematic use of the internet. These results are relevant for professionals working with young adults, such as college professors, as well as for young adults themselves and their parents. Professors may benefit from implementing structured guidelines for ICT use in the classroom to promote academic engagement while minimizing distractions. For young adults, the findings emphasize the importance of developing self-regulation strategies to balance digital life, enhance academic performance, and maintain healthy relationships. Parents are encouraged to foster open communication and support positive family dynamics to mitigate the negative effects of problematic internet use