Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
Not a member yet
25996 research outputs found
Sort by
Vysvědčení
Get PDFČasopis pro právní vědu a praxi je čtvrtletník, což znamená, že jeho druhé číslo se zpravidla uzavírá v době, kdy učitelky a učitelé na základních a středních školách rozdávají vysvědčení. Určitou obdobou v akademickém světě je hodnocení publikací v modulu 1 podle Metodiky 17+, které vrcholí ve stejnou dobu
Sport and Physical Activity as Part of the Healthy Lifestyle
Get PDFThis article explores sport and physical activity as key components of a healthy lifestyle, focusing on their sociological, cultural, and behavioral dimensions. Drawing on William C. Cockerham’s health lifestyle theory, it emphasizes the interplay between structure and agency in shaping individual health behavior. Physical activity is interpreted not only as a biological or preventive practice but also as a socially and culturally conditioned phenomenon that reflects broader inequalities. A quantitative research method was employed, based on questionnaire surveys. Batteries focusing on sport and physical activity were included as part of an omnibus survey. Using data from two large-scale population-based surveys conducted in 2013 and 2023, the paper analyzes trends in sports participation in the Czech Republic across age, gender, and educational levels. The findings indicate a significant correlation between physical activity and higher education, younger age, and subjective social status, while gender differences appear less pronounced. In addition to empirical insights, the paper discusses the role of the body in contemporary society, the influence of sedentary lifestyles, and the potential of sport for social integration and psychological well-being. The concept of an "active lifestyle" is addressed as a multidimensional construct that includes both biological engagement and social participation. The article concludes that promoting physical activity should be seen as both a public health goal and a tool for social inclusion, requiring systemic support and cultural change
Students and Graduates of Gdynia Primary Schools in the first Post-war Decade (1945–1956)
No full textThe aim of this article is to answer the following research question: what did the process of education of school youth look like in the fi rst post-war decade, and what was the infl uence of wartime experiences on school youth? The text presents a group of pupils from Gdynia primary schools in the years 1945-1956, which is a representative group for the research on the process of education of schoolchildren in urban schools in the period of the People’s Republic of Poland. However, the article also emphasizes the infl uence of the region on the formation of the group of children from Gdynia’s schools. Moreover, the article presented problems and challenges related to the reconstruction of education in the post-war period, which both students and teachers had to face
Populism and Discontent: A Spatial Analysis of the 2023 Czech Presidential Election
No full textWhile populism has kept the attention of scholars for years, only a handfulof elections have presented as clear-cut a distinction between populism andanti-populism as the face-off between Andrej Babiš and Petr Pavel in the 2023Czech presidential elections. To investigate the factors behind the electoralsupport for the populist candidate Babiš, we first discuss populist and antipopulist approaches and connect them to the emerging literature on the geographyof discontent. Then, we analyse census data at the municipality level usingtwo regression models: the ordinary least squares and spatial error methods.The spatial error regression variant is helpful when analysing aggregate data asit evaluates the spatial clustering of residuals. Overall, we conclude that Babišwas most successful in regions marked by socioeconomic deprivation andsocial capital deficiencies. Consequently, based on the overarching theoretical framework and empirical findings, we suggest several implications that couldhelp mitigate political discontent in the future
Tackling hate speech online: The effect of counter-speech on subsequent bystander behavioral intentions
No full textCounter-speech is considered a promising tool to address hate speech online, notably, by promoting bystander reactions that could attenuate the prevalence or further dissemination of hate. However, it remains unclear which types of counter-speech are most effective in attaining these goals and which might backfire. Advancing the literature, we examined the effect of four types of counter-speech (i.e., educating the perpetrator, calling on others to intervene, diverting the conversation, and abusing the perpetrator) on a range of bystander behavioral intentions in an experimental study (N = 250, UK-based adults). Overall, counter-speech did not affect bystanders’ subsequent responses to hate speech. Having said this, as expected, diversionary counter-speech increased intentions to ignore hate speech, which suggests unintended consequences. The study illustrates that counter-speech may not be sufficiently impactful in regulating bystanders’ reactions to hate speech online
Foreign language learning strategies for primary school student teachers
No full textTato studie výzkumného charakteru se zaměřuje na využívané strategie učení cizího jazyka u studentů učitelství pro první stupeň základní školy. Cílem výzkumu je zjistit, jaké strategie učení angličtiny jako cizího jazyka (EFL) jsou užívány studenty učitelství pro první stupeň základní školy v prvním a pátém ročníku studia, jaká je jejich frekvence a zda existují rozdíly mezi použitými strategiemi v závislosti na ročníku studia, ovládaném počtu jazyků a jejich motivaci. Respondenty výzkumu je 97 vysokoškolských studentů prvního a pátého ročníku studijního oboru Učitelství pro 1. stupeň základní školy. Výzkumným nástrojem je dotazník Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL). Data jsou podrobena deskriptivní statistice a korelační analýze pomocí programu STATISTICA a JASP. Výsledky výzkumu poukazují na signifikantní rozdíly v používání metakognitivních strategií u prvního a pátého ročníku. Závěr výzkumu se soustřeďuje na předpokládanou závislost mezi používanými učebními strategiemi u studentů učitelství a způsobem výuky cizího jazyka v rámci jejich budoucího pedagogického působení.This research study focuses on the foreign language learning strategies used by student teachers in primary school. The research aim is to find out what strategies for learning English as a foreign language (EFL) are used by student teachers for primary school in the first and fifth year of study. Furthermore, we focus on their frequency and whether there are differences between the strategies used depending on the year of study, the number of languages and their motivation. The respondents of the research are 97 university students in the first and fifth year of the study field Teaching for primary school. The research instrument is the Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire. Data are subjected to descriptive statistics and correlation analysis using the STATISTICA and JASP programs. The research results point to significant differences in the use of metacognitive strategies in the first and fifth year. The conclusion of the research focuses on the assumed dependence between the learning strategies used by teacher students and the way of teaching a foreign language in their future teaching practice
Technical creativity at primary school above standard
No full textČlánek řeší technickou tvořivost jako téma pozitivně přispívající ke komplexnímu rozvoji žáka mladšího školního věku. Tvořivost v technické výchově je specifickou oblastí spjatou s životu blízkými situacemi. To umožňuje žákům přímo ve výuce srozumitelně okamžitě aplikovat osvojené teoretické znalosti do vlastních tvořivých činností. Technická tvořivost žáků a její rozvoj je v odborném článku řešena z pohledu učitelů 1. stupně základních škol. Na základě analýzy teoretických pedagogicko-psychologických studií a nově představeného kompetenčního rámce absolventa učitelství prezentujeme kontextuálně pojaté vzdělávací podmínky a příležitosti pro budoucí učitele. Dáváme do souvislostí výsledky strukturovaně pojatého výzkumu reflektujícího jak téma technické tvořivosti žáka a jejího rozvoje na 1. stupni základní školy z hlediska osobnosti žáka a jeho preferencí, tak učitelského pojetí výuky předmětů tvořivě technického charakteru, volby a tvorby učebních úloh, ale i procesu poskytování zpětné vazby a specifikům hodnocení tvůrčí činnosti žáků. Získané výsledky umožnily identifikovat jak kladná, tak negativní hodnocení a názory učitelů. Také se ukázalo, že v pedagogické praxi není dostatečně využit potenciál technické výchovy ani technické tvořivosti žáků. Příležitost ke kvalitativnímu posunu spatřujeme především v cílené podpoře budoucích učitelů v rámci jejich pregraduální přípravy a dalšího vzdělávání pedagogických pracovníků.This article addresses technical creativity as a topic that significantly contributes to the comprehensive development of primary school students. Creativity in technical education is a specific area linked to real-life situations. This allows students to immediately apply their acquired theoretical knowledge in their own creative activities in an understandable way. The article examines the technical creativity of pupils and its development from the perspective of primary school teachers. Based on the analysis of theoretical pedagogical and psychological studies, as well as the newly introduced competence framework for teachers, we present contextually designed educational conditions and opportunities for future teachers. We contextualize the results of structured research, reflecting both the topic of pupils‘ technical creativity and its development in primary schools, considering both the pupils‘ personalities and preferences, as well as the teachers‘ approach to teaching creative and technical subjects, the selection and creation of learning tasks, and the process of providing feedback and assessing students‘ creative activities. The obtained results enabled us to identify both positive and negative evaluations and opinions from teachers. It also became clear that the potential of technical education and pupils‘ technical creativity is not sufficiently utilized in pedagogical practice. We see an opportunity for qualitative improvement primarily in the targeted support of future teachers during their undergraduate training and further professional development
Effect of Different Strength Training Modalities on Maximal Strength and Power in Semi-Professional Football Players
Get PDFThe study provides an innovative perspective on comparing two training modalities of strength training to evaluate the effectiveness in enhancing maximal strength and power of lower limb strength. Our study aimed to examine the effects of eccentric and concentric strength training on the development of maximal lower-limb strength and power in semi-professional football players. The study involved 28 players (age 21.7 ± 2.1 years, body height 180.1 ± 4.6 cm, body weight 75.9 ± 7.2 kg) divided into eccentric (ECC), concentric (CON), and control (CONTR) groups. The eight-week training intervention targeted the knee extensors and flexors. Knee flexor strength was developed using the lying leg curl machine, and knee extensor strength using the seated leg extension machine. The concentric group trained with the maximal effort method, while the eccentric group applied the 2/1 eccentric method. The results showed significant improvements in maximal strength of the extensors (CON +19.4%, p < 0.001, d = 1; ECC +19.42%, p < 0.001, d = 0.89) and improvements, but not significant (p = 0.11, ηp2 = 0.16), of the flexors (CON +12.81%, ECC +12.14%) of the knee joint. No significant improvement in power (p = 0.11, ηp2 = 0.16) was observed, measured by standing broad jump performance. These findings highlight the specificity of training adaptations, where improvements in maximal strength may not directly translate into enhanced power. The study emphasizes the importance of both training modalities due to their sport-specific benefits for football, such as acceleration, changing direction, positive effects on muscle architecture, and injury prevention