Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Reflection of the Peloponnesian and Corinthian wars on the grave stelai
No full textTento článek sleduje proměny reliéfů náhrobních stél za dob peloponéské a korintské války, konkrétně v časovém rozmezí 450–370 př. n. l. V první části se věnuje zkoumání současné situace, reakcí společnosti na některé historické události a zkoumání dalších vlivů války na jiné oblasti umění. V druhé části se zabývá konkrétními náhrobními stélami se zobrazeními válečníků především z oblasti Atiky a Boiótie, ale shrnuje i situaci s náhrobními stélami v Makedonii, Thesálii a na Peloponésu. V případech Atiky a Boiótie je zahrnuta i doplňující statistika prezentující zastoupení jednotlivých zobrazení válečníků na stélách ve srovnání se stélami bez takových vyobrazení.This paper combines the topics of Peloponnesian and Corinthian wars with depictions on funerary stelai. In the first part, it provides an overview of the situation in Greece in the time period between 450 and 370 BC and investigates the way society reacted to some historic events while also examining other influences of war, which we can see in art of the time. In the second part, we investigate stelai with depictions of warriors mainly from Attica and Boeotia, but include an overview from Macedonia, Thessaly and Peloponnese as well. The analysis made on the stelai from Attica and Boeotia is supplemented by statistics, which complements our findings with numbers
Etruscan numerals
No full textThe present contribution summarizes all relevant information about Etruscan numerals, to analyze them from the point of view of their internal structure and possible external relations. These are taken in account in both senses, areal, where the probable donor-language is Phoenician/Punic, and genetic, first within the Tyrsenian language family, secondly with Hurrian and Urartian, thirdly with North Caucasian
"Du hast den Stamm noch nie in seiner rituellen Rauschhütte gesehen." : remarks on the interdiscursive potential of regional literature using the example of Noah Sow's Afro-German Heimat-thriller Die schwarze Madonna
No full textThis article aims to locate the author Noah Sow in the field of German-language Black literature, first reconstructing the racism-critical discourse up to its activist roots in the 1980s. The circle of influence of the Afro-American poet Audre Lordes during her Berlin years, which included the poet May Ayim, and the German-language rap scene at the end of the 1980s are identified as key sources of inspiration. As this historical excursus shows, it was during this period that the foundations were laid for later racism-critical engagement and activist efforts, such as the phenomenon of 'Blacktivism' in Germany, which Noah Sow was one of several key players in shaping. In particular, the analysis in this paper explores how Noah Sow's Afro-German Heimat- thriller Die schwarze Madonna functions as a mediating discourse that bridges specialized anti-racism debates and everyday conversations, thereby contributing to the formation of Black German identity. In the novel, the 'alienating reversal test' is used in order to criticize everyday racism and to challenge stereotypical representations of Africa and blackness. Sow's integration of her earlier anti-racism publication Deutschland Schwarz Weiß into the novel exemplifies how literature can serve as an interdiscourse, translating expert knowledge into accessible narratives that foster awareness and identification. The study further highlights how literary techniques such as irony and the strategic use of collective symbolism facilitate the transformation of socio-political discourses into literary texts. Thus, Sow's novel exemplifies the role of regional literature as a vital interdiscursive space that connects transatlantic networks, activism, and cultural memory, contributing to the ongoing discourse on Black identity and anti-racism in Germany
La participación de Ortensio Lando en la Querella de las mujeres
No full textThis study, focused on the figure of the prestigious humanist Ortensio Lando, presents the main writings that made him one of the main male protagonists of the Querelle des Femmes of the Italian Renaissance. Among other aspects, it will analyze the reasons for his defense in favor of female merits, his most outstanding works in this regard, the questions about their authorship and the game of simulation that he carried out in some of them - which he even signed with the names of illustrious ladies of his time, such as Isabel Sforza and Lucrezia Gonzaga, giving them a voice in the literary debate on the issue of women -, as well as the repercussion that both the works and their author had on the Querelle.Este estudio, centrado en la figura del prestigioso humanista Ortensio Lando, presenta los principales escritos que hicieron de este uno de los principales protagonistas masculinos de la Querella de las mujeres del Renacimiento italiano. Entre otros aspectos, se analizarán los motivos de su defensa a favor del mérito femenino, sus obras más destacadas al respecto, las cuestiones sobre su autoría y el juego de simulación que llevó a cabo en algunos de ellos – que llegó a firmar, incluso, con nombres de ilustres damas de su época, como Isabel Sforza y Lucrecia Gonzaga; dándoles voz en el debate literario sobre la cuestión de las mujeres –, así como la repercusión que tanto las obras como su autor tuvieron en la Querella
Michal David in context : a musicological reassessment of his 1980s popular songs
No full textThis study examines Michal David, one of the most prominent figures in Czech pop music of the past forty years, with particular focus on his work as a composer and songwriter in the 1980s. Drawing on press accounts, interviews, memoirs, archival sources, and musical analysis, the article situates David's output within both Czech and international popular music trends. Given his polarized reception – enduring audience popularity versus critical dismissal as "normalization pop" – the study reassesses David's compositional techniques and challenges the prevailing narrative of his music as merely banal or derivative
Two medieval fragments with Esztergom notation in the Moravian Library
No full textTwo fragments from missals with Esztergom notation are preserved in the Moravian Library. One originates from an incunable of the Missale Strigoniense, printed in Brno in 1491. It contains the melody of the Exsultet, which, although it incorporates certain elements of the Esztergom tradition, also exhibits significant differences. The second fragment comes from a handwritten missal from the second half of the 15th century and contains formularies for the feasts of Saint Christopher, Saint Anne, and Saint Felix and companions. The two preserved notated chants are again exceptional within the Hungarian context, as are the formularies for all three feasts. Both fragments thus point to a previously unknown diversity in the liturgical practices used in the Kingdom of Hungary
Interpretation of the remains of medieval buildings at Plasy Monastery as a possible infirmarium
No full textPředkládaný text se věnuje vyhodnocení zjišťovacích archeologických sond z let 2015–2020 ve východní části areálu bývalého cisterciáckého kláštera Plasy. Sondy zachytily pozůstatky zaniklé středověké zástavby a pohřebiště. Na základě analogií a prostorového uspořádání klášteřiště by mohlo jít o relikty infirmaria, resp. jeho technického zázemí (kanalizační štoly) a sklepů. Podle předběžného stavebně historického vyhodnocení byla nemocnice postavena v podstatě v jedné stavební fázi, pravděpodobně ještě před polovinou 13. století. Jeví se o něco starší než s ní sousedící patrová kaple a k ní ze severní strany přilehlá palácová budova, jejichž stavba byla zahájena zřejmě až po polovině 13. století. Nadzemní část zkoumaného objektu definitivně zanikla na konci 17. století při rozsáhlých terénních úpravách barokního staveniště, konkrétně spojených s výstavbou sýpky. Interiéry sklepů byly jednorázově zasypány sutí s architektonickými články a množstvím stavební keramiky.This article evaluates the results of archaeological investigations conducted between 2015 and 2020 in the eastern part of the former Cistercian monastery in Plasy. The investigations uncovered the remains of medieval structures and a burial ground. Based on analogies and the spatial layout of the monastery complex, these could be remains of an infirmarium, or rather its technical facilities (sewer tunnels) and cellars. According to a preliminary architectural-historical assessment, the hospital was built in a single construction phase, probably before the middle of the 13th century. It appears to have been slightly older than the adjacent two-story chapel and the palace building adjoining it on the north side, whose construction probably began after the mid-13th century. The above-ground part of the investigated building was completely destroyed at the end of the 17th century during extensive landscaping of the baroque site, specifically in connection with the construction of a granary. The interiors of the cellars were filled with rubble containing architectural elements and a large amount of building ceramics
Material analysis of a collection of fragments of firearms and projectiles from Hasištejn Castle
No full textKolekce patnácti fragmentů hlavních palných zbraní z hradu Hasištejn, datovatelná do 40. a 50. let 15. století, přinesla cenné informace o skladbě palných zbraní na hradě v tomto období a do jisté míry doplňuje poměrně nečetné hradní inventáře. S celkovým počtem devíti analyzovaných vzorků se jedná o doposud největší soubor hodnocených palných zbraní z hlediska prvkového složení použité slitiny mědi z jedné lokality. Z distribuce nálezů fragmentů palných zbraní je možné dovozovat charakter první obranné linie hradu v době okolo poloviny 15. století. Hodnocení prvkového složení projektilů z lokality potvrdilo nejen využití olova, ale do jisté míry také cínu k jejich výrobě. Mezi výjimečné nálezy z této lokality pak patří železný vytahovák náplně hlavně, používaný v případě, kdy v důsledku selhání zbraně nedošlo k výstřelu. Nově získaná kolekce artefaktů je pak cenným dokladem prozatím neznámé vojenské akce vedené proti hradu Hasištejn v době okolo poloviny 15. století.A collection of fifteen fragments of major firearms from Hasištejn Castle dating back to the 1440s and 1450s provides valuable information about the assortment of firearms in the castle during this period and, to a certain extent, supplements the relatively sparse castle inventories. With a total of nine samples analysed, this is the largest series of firearms evaluated in terms of the elemental composition of the copper alloy used from a single location. From the distribution of the firearm fragment finds, it is possible to deduce the nature of the castle‘s first line of defence around the middle of the 15th century. The evaluation of the elemental composition of the projectiles from the site confirmed not only the use of lead but also, to a certain degree, tin in their manufacture. Exceptional finds from this site include a barrel content cannon worm used when a weapon failed to fire. The newly acquired collection of artefacts provides valuable evidence of a previously unknown military action against Hasištejn Castle around the mid-15th century
Refuse pit no. 289 in Plzeň from the perspective of natural science analyses
No full textPři výzkumu a odborném zpracování zásypů odpadních jímek bylo vždy žádoucí využití širokého spektra přírodovědných analýz. V posledních desetiletích se objevují nové možnosti, co lze pomocí těchto analýz zjistit. Příspěvek prezentuje možnosti využití přírodovědných analýz na příkladu nálezů ze zásypu odpadní jímky u domu čp. 289 v Plzni. Analýze byl podroben soubor zvířecích kostí a dále zbytky výplně skleněných lahviček. Získané výsledky byly porovnány s historickými a archeologickými prameny a odbornou literaturou.The application of a wide range of natural science analyses has always been beneficial in the research and specialist treatment of refuse pit fills. In recent decades, new possibilities have emerged as to what can be determined by these analyses. This paper presents the possibilities of using natural science analyses with an example of finds from the backfill of the refuse pit at house no. 289. A series of animal bones was analysed, as well as the remains of the content of glass bottles. The results were compared with historical and archaeological sources and specialist literature
