Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Lexical bundles in academic articles from arts disciplines
Get PDFThis paper studies lexical bundles in academic articles in the fields of photography, product/industrial design and audiovisual arts disciplines. The comparative corpus study presents a quantitative and qualitative analysis of formal and functional types of 4-grams used in published articles by expert authors in the three arts disciplines. The analysis was based on Biber et al.’s (1999) formal taxonomy and Hyland’s (2008a, 2008b) functional taxonomy of lexical bundles. The results show that both photography and audiovisual arts disciplines have similar utilisation of formal and functional types of bundles, prioritising content-oriented rhetorical functions. However, the discipline of product/industrial design shows a stronger preference for participant-oriented functions that utilise a distancing, hedging type of bundle. The findings help teachers of academic writing to identify the objective language needs of PhD students for writing in these disciplines. Writing instruction can be more precise with respect to disciplinary conventions in the creative arts disciplines. These disciplines have been overlooked in most of the English for Specific Academic Purposes teaching materials.
Transformations in the Understanding of Specific Learning Disabilities in the Czech Context: A Historical-Comparative Perspective
Get PDFThis paper traces the historical development of perspectives on specific learning disabilities in the Czech Republic, from the earliest insights in antiquity to the contemporary inclusive trends in education. It captures the evolution from the medical model to the psychological approach and, more recently, to pedagogical interpretations. The paper highlights key figures, legislative milestones, and institutional changes that have influenced the approach to educating pupils with specific learning disabilities. Attention is also given to educational support systems, remedial care, and current challenges in the fields of diagnosis and education. The text demonstrates how societal views on these pupils have evolved and how the system of care has shifted towards individualization, respect, and interdisciplinary collaboration
Umbanda, Candomblé and Christianity between (dis)tensions : intolerance and religious racism in the actions of Bonde de Jesus
No full textThis essay seeks to analyze the actions of neo-Pentecostal groups associated with drug traffickers, such as the so-called "Bonde de Jesus", in Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). We also deepen their relations with Christianity, religious racism, and the destruction of Umbanda and Candomblé terreiros, as well as the aggression of religious leaders and the repression against members of these religions. We adopt a qualitative analysis of the descriptive nature of materials available online and in other media. In sequence, we reflect on the racist origin of these practices of religious intolerance and on the work of resistance enacted by the adepts of the terreiros, despite the numerous violations of their rights, conquered through a struggle waged for centuries
The role of music terminology in journalistic texts : a study on comprehensibility
No full textThe increase in technical languages across various disciplines in recent decades is closely linked to the heightened integration of specialized terms into everyday language. These terms are not only used in their original professional contexts but are also incorporated into other contexts to explain matters that are not directly related to the field in which they are typically employed. This study focuses on the use of music-specific terminology in a figurative sense in press articles. The data is sourced from the corpus of the Leibniz Institute for the German Language in Mannheim (DeReKo). The research investigates the non-specialist contexts in which music-specific terms are used and the reasons behind their usage. Particular attention is given to terms that describe tempo, dynamics, and playing techniques. It is evident that the explanation of non-specialist matters can only be successful if the readers are familiar with the meaning of the specialized term. The study examines whether the use of music-specific terms in journalistic texts outside their professional context can lead to comprehension difficulties
La filosofía del amor en la Querelle des femmes : de León Hebreo a Galeazzo Flavio Capra
No full textA new interpretation of the Platonic philosophy penetrated Renaissance culture through the first translations from Greek original manuscripts, bringing about a change of mentality in European society between the 15th and 16th centuries; the impact of which was particularly important regarding the positive transformation of the consideration of women. This paper compares the possible correspondences and influences of Leo the Hebrew (or Jehuda Abarbanel) in the treatise Della eccellenza e dignità della donna (1525) by Galeazzo F. Capra (or Cappella), an aspect not yet studied among his sources. Through Capra's work, we will observe the humanist reception of the Dialogues of Love, written by Leo the Hebrew between 1501 and 1502, which circulated in manuscript form through the Italian courts until the complete Tuscanized and posthumous edition of 1535, leaving a mark on almost all the authors of the Querelle des femmes, with repercussions in Hispanic thought as well, with the translation of Inca Garcilaso de la Vega.Una nueva visión de la filosofía platónica penetró en la cultura renacentista a partir de las primeras traducciones del corpus original griego, propiciando un cambio de mentalidad en la sociedad europea entre los siglos XV y XVI, cuya repercusión tuvo particular importancia para la transformación positiva de la consideración de la mujer. En estas páginas se confrontan las posibles correspondencias e influencias de la obra de León Hebreo (o Judà Abravanel) en el tratado Della eccellenza e dignità della donna (1525) de Galeazzo F. Capra (conocido también como Cappella), aspecto aún no estudiado entre sus fuentes. A través del texto de Capra, se observará la recepción humanista de los Dialoghi d'amore, iniciados por León Hebreo entre 1501 y 1502, que circularon en forma manuscrita por las cortes italianas hasta la edición integral toscanizada y póstuma de 1535, dejando huella en casi todos los autores de la Querelle des femmes, con repercusión así mismo en el pensamiento hispánico, gracias a la traducción del Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
Dialogue in the work of Jiří Bartholdus Pontanus of Breitenberk
No full textThe study explores the extensive poetic oeuvre of Jiří Barthold Pontanus of Breitenberk (1550–1614), a prominent Catholic dignitary of the Rudolfine era and a prolific author. His Latin collections of occasional poetry frequently employ the form of dialogue, appearing both in bucolic compositions inspired by Virgil, where shepherds engage in conversation, as well as in exchanges between two or more allegorical figures, such as Religio, Pietas, Ecclesia, Norbertigena, Melpomene, Mors, and others. The aim of this study is to examine the nature and content of Pontanus’s dialogues and to address the question of what role this literary form played within the broader context of his work
Reflexive Freedom and The Politics of Participation
No full textThe article presents a theoretical-methodological analysis of the concept of reflexive freedom in relation to the political sphere of its application, with the aim of revealing and clarifying the main political consequences and normative claims that its recognition implies for political theory. The analysis is based on the assumption that particular conceptions of individual freedom as moral autonomy of the individual lead to particular models of politics. In the article, the main thesis is formulated and argued that the philosophical conception of reflexive freedom, in its applicability, programmatically leads to a model of participatory politics. As part of the analysis, the concept of reflexive freedom is compared with the competing concept of negative freedom and its corresponding model of politics, the politics of modus vivendi. The comparison makes it possible to highlight several specificities and particularities of reflexive freedom and politics of participation and, thus, reveal a diametrically different perspective on the phenomenon of individual freedom and the political conditions for its assurance
Labels and identities : classification of the Moravian Anabaptists in the sources from 16th and 17th centuries
No full textThe study critically examines and compares the various 16th and 17th century lists of diverse Anabaptist groups reported to exist in Moravia between 1526 and 1622. In addition to the Hutterite Chronicles, the paper analyzes a range of other sources including the documents of the Moravian government and local authorities; polemical works of Sebastian Franck, Georg Eder and Christoph Erhard; but also reports of the Italian weaver Marcantonio Varotta and the Lutheran nobleman Christoph Kereczényi. Comparing the different classifications of Anabaptists as presented in these sources challenges the dominant narrative of Hutterite supremacy in Moravia after their establishment in 1530s. Mapping the reports of non-Hutterite Anabaptist groups reveals that several of them persisted much longer than previously recognized. Through this analysis, the study initiates a broader critical reflection on the historical construction of group identities and their transformations from the early Anabaptist presence in Moravia to its decline in the post-White Mountain period
Forms of Health and Physical Education in the Theory and Practice of Civic Education of the Women’s Civic Labour Union (Selected Examples)
Get PDFThe Women’s Civic Work Union, as one of the most influential pro-government women's organizations in interwar Poland, conducted a wide-ranging educational and instructional campaign, primarily in the field of civic and social education. Its goal was to create a "new type of Polish female citizen." In its work, the Association employed both traditional and modern means, forms, and methods of educational influence. Among the effective forms of educational activity were various types of summer camps: military-recreational, vacation, education-recreational, hiking, and those organized in permanent facilities such as hostels and boarding houses. These camps were intended to serve as a unique socio-educational space with significant pedagogical value, effectively shaping the social, civic, and national attitudes deemed desirable by the Association. As part of the camp activities, a healthy and hygienic lifestyle was also promoted, providing women with opportunities for rest and recovery of both physical and mental health.Camps were organized in several attractive locations throughout Poland. Dozens of different types of camp centers were operated, involving a total of several thousand women
Inclusive communication in art museums and galleries through the eyes of generation Z : perspectives of visitors with specific learning disorders
No full textInkluzivita se stává klíčovým principem formujícím rozvoj muzeí umění a galerií po celém světě. Přestože se tyto instituce snaží zpřístupnit kulturní dědictví různorodému publiku, stále čelí výzvám při přizpůsobování komunikace a prostředí osobám se specifickými poruchami učení. Studie se zaměřuje na vnímání generace Z, zejména na návštěvníky s poruchami učení, jako je dyslexie. Prostřednictvím polostrukturovaných rozhovorů a výzkumu oční kamerou analyzuje digitální komunikační kanály, galerijní prostředí a rozhodovací procesy návštěvníků v českém a slovenském kontextu. Zjištění poukazují na bariéry související s čitelností textů, prostorovou orientací a digitálním designem, ale také na příklady inkluzivních přístupů z mezinárodního prostředí. Článek shrnuje limity a příležitosti inkluzivní komunikace a nabízí doporučení pro zvýšení přístupnosti v muzeích umění a galeriích, využitelná nejen pro návštěvníky se specifickými poruchami učení, ale i pro širší publikum.Inclusivity has become a key principle shaping the development of art museums and galleries worldwide. While efforts have been made to make cultural heritage accessible to diverse audiences, these institutions continue to face challenges in adapting communication and environments for individuals with specific learning disorders. This study examines the perceptions of Generation Z visitors, with a particular focus on those with learning differences such as dyslexia. Combining semi-structured interviews and eye-tracking research, it analyzes digital communication channels, gallery spaces, and visitor decision-making in the Czech and Slovak context. The findings highlight barriers related to text readability, spatial orientation, and digital design, alongside examples of inclusive practices from international institutions. The article outlines current limits and opportunities for inclusive communication and offers recommendations for enhancing accessibility in art museums and galleries, relevant not only for visitors with specific learning disorders but also for wider audiences