Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Escritas de José Saramago : do cidadão ao literato, a práxis no combate ao capitalismo
No full textThe work of Portuguese author José Saramago highlights a revolutionary authorial voice. This article aims to reflect on this profile through the analysis of his literary and non-literary production. The study compares these two areas in order to outline the revolutionary action that is intrinsically and dialectically manifested in both. It also describes discursive procedures that reveal the communion between the man and his work, which are shaped by the anti-capitalist political commitment that Saramago assumes as a man inseparable from the writer. The conclusion presents Saramago's writing as a revolutionary praxis. In order to conduct this investigation, we took Antonio Gramsci's concept of revolutionary as a starting point; we based our reflections on the theory of discourse types, especially Mikhail Bakhtin's concept of polemic; and we guided our reading by the thoughts of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels on capitalism.A obra do autor português José Saramago evidencia uma voz autoral revolucionária. Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir acerca desse perfil, por meio da análise de sua produção não literária e literária. O estudo coteja as duas searas, de modo a traçar a atuação revolucionária que se manifesta em ambas de forma intrínseca e dialética. Também descreve procedimentos discursivos que revelam a comunhão entre o homem e sua obra, que se plasmam a partir do compromisso político anticapitalista que Saramago assume como homem indissociável do escritor. A conclusão revela a escrita saramaguiana como uma práxis revolucionária. Para realizar a investigação, tomamos como ponto de partida o conceito de revolucionário, conforme Antonio Gramsci; respaldamos as reflexões na teoria dos tipos de discursos, especialmente o conceito de polêmica, de acordo com Mikhail Bakhtin; e orientamos a leitura pelo pensamento de Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels sobre capitalismo
Creeps vs. Mole : causes and solutions to the global climate crisis in Czech picture books for children
No full textThe study focuses on how three selected children's picture books (The Planet is Prga, Grandpa in Pink Pants and The Mole in the City) convey the climate crisis and its potential solutions to their readers. In the spirit of ecopedagogy and ecofeminism, we focus on what each book is able to articulate from the global crisis and what remains overlooked. We also emphasize the formal devices of these books and the ways in which they draw on the "aesthetics of the Anthropocene." In doing so, we employ a comparative perspective and an emphasis on cultural and historical context alongside the practices of literary interpretation
Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Silesisan and Subsilesian units in the D48 road cut of the road near Starý Jičín
Get PDFNový silniční zářez ve vnější části karpatského flyše poblíž Starého Jičína odkryl tektonickou šupinu se složitou vnitřní strukturou, která je interpretována jako duplex tvořený různými souvrstvími slezské a podslezské jednotky. Slezská jednotka zahrnuje černé pelity hradišťského souvrství (barrem–apt) a vulkanické horniny těšínitové asociace. Podslezská jednotka je zastoupena šedými jílovci (cenoman), jíly a parakonglomeráty frýdeckého souvrství (campan) a jílovci s vápnitými pískovci frýdlantského souvrství (paleocén). Některých typicky albské a cenomanské vůdčí druhy aglutinovaných foraminifer byly zaznamenány v nevelkém počtu již v aptských sedimentech. Proto by zóny aglutinovaných foraminifer, navržené Gerochem a Nowakem (1984) jako zóny částečného rozsahu, měly být redefinovány jako akmezóny.A new road cut near Starý Jičín in the external part of the Carpathian Flysch has revealed a tectonic slice with a complex internal structure interpreted as a duplex involving different formations of the Silesian and Subsilesian units. The Silesian Unit includes black pelites of the Hradiště Formation (Barremian–Aptian) and volcanic rocks of the Teschenite Association. The Subsilesian Unit is represented by grey claystones (Cenomanian), clays and paraconglomerates of the Frýdek Formation (Campanian), and claystones with calcareous sandstones of the Frýdlant Formation (Paleocene). Certain Albian and Cenomanian markers species of agglutinated foraminifers were recorded in small quantities already in the Aptian sediments. Hence, the partial-range zones based on deep-sea agglutinated foraminifers, originally proposed by Geroch and Nowak (1984), should be redefined as acme zones
Scope of Review in Immigration Matters – Balancing at the Limits of Possibilities?
Get PDFRozsah přezkumu v cizineckých věcech prochází především v důsledku vývoje unijního práva zásadní proměnou. Požadavky na úplný a ex nunc přezkum vycházející z lidskoprávní ochrany – zejména principu non-refoulement a specifik přezkumu zásahů do osobní svobody – jsou dále upřesňovány judikaturou Soudního dvora EU. Narážejí však na obecná východiska rozsahu přezkumu v českém správním soudnictví, a to hlavně z hlediska vázanosti žalobními body a okamžiku, ke kterému je přezkum prováděn. Jejich praktické dopady přitom zatím nevyvolaly širší diskusi. Zdání hladké adaptace ale klame. Rozšiřování rozsahu soudního přezkumu je v českém kontextu zatíženo významnými limity. Článek proto nabízí ucelenou analýzu probíhajících změn, mapuje reakci soudů i zákonodárce (včetně poslední novely zákona o azylu č. 314/2025 Sb.) a pojmenovává kritická místa spolu s návrhy řešení. Odpovídá na otázku, zda jsou české soudy schopny dostát rostoucím požadavkům na rozsah přezkumu v cizineckých věcech. Uzavírá, že s ohledem na zákonné i organizační podmínky se pohybují na hraně svých možností a bez zásadnějších změn, jak v rámci soudnictví samotného, tak v systému právní pomoci, zůstane požadavek na úplnost přezkumu spíše iluzorní.The scope of review in immigration matters is undergoing fundamental change, primarily as a result of developments in EU law. The requirements for a complete and ex nunc review, based on human rights protection – particularly the principle of non-refoulement and the specifics of reviewing interference with personal freedom – are being further refined in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. However, these requirements clash with the general principles governing the scope of review in Czech administrative justice, especially regarding the binding nature of the grounds for appeal and the moment at which the review is carried out. Their practical implications have not yet sparked wider debate. The appearance of smooth adaptation is deceptive: the expansion of the scope of judicial review in the Czech context is burdened by significant limitations. The article therefore offers a comprehensive analysis of the ongoing changes, traces the responses of the courts and legislators (including the latest amendment to the Asylum Act No. 314/2025 Coll.), and identifies critical issues along with proposed solutions. It addresses the question of whether Czech courts are able to meet the growing demands regarding the scope of review in immigration matters. It concludes that, given the legal and organizational conditions, they are operating at the limits of their capabilities and that, without fundamental changes both within the judiciary itself and in the legal aid system, the requirement for a comprehensive review will remain illusory
Understanding bystanders’ behaviour to cyberhate: An explanatory approach from the theory of normative social behaviour
No full textCyberhate is a new form of cyberviolence among adolescents with high social and scientific concern. Although previous research has examined aggressors and victims, far less attention has been given to bystanders. Examining how adolescents respond when witnessing cyberhate, and the factors that shape these behaviours, is essential within a solid theoretical framework. For that, this study aims to 1) find out the responses of adolescent bystanders to cyberhate; 2) explore whether the Theory of Normative Social Behaviour (TNSB) can be useful as explanatory framework of adolescents’ responses; and 3) examine whether the TNSB shows a better explanatory capacity with the inclusion of behavioural (i.e., toxic online disinhibition), personal (i.e., empathy) and contextual variables (i.e., online parental supervision) compared to the model based solely on social norms. The study included 2,539 Spanish students (49.1% boys, 49.2% girls, 1.7% other) aged 11–18 years (M = 14.07; SD = 1.39). Structural equation models were applied to test the TNSB. Findings showed adolescents predominantly use defending behaviour (supporting victims), followed by passive (not getting involved) and reinforcing behaviour (supporting aggressors). Good fits and explanatory variances were found for the three behaviours, especially when including toxic online disinhibition, empathy, and online parental supervision. Results highlight the importance of subjective norms and empathy in all bystanders’ behaviours. In reinforcing and passive behaviours, friends’ and family's injunctive norms, descriptive norms, and toxic online disinhibition were also relevant. Online parental supervision was also related to defending and passive behaviours. Likewise, in passive behaviour, the collective norms were significant. These findings support the explanatory validity of the TNSB on cyberhate bystanders’ behaviour, especially for active behaviours, providing relevant results for future psychoeducational programs
Literature and totalitarianism : some epistemological aspects of a relationship at Hannah Arendt's work
No full textThrough this article we attempt to explore the relation between totalitarianism and literature from an epistemological point of view, mainly in Hannah Arendt's work. More precisely, we will present and analyse through the combination of two concepts: the one emerging from the Art of Aesthetics (and more particularly from the theory of literature) and the other from political theory/philosophy. The first – obvious – concept, considers totalitarianism and literature as absolutely opposed to each other, the second considers totalitarianism as a governing power, controlling everything, whereas literature is considered a per se expression of absolute freedom. Our goal is to indicate the connecting paths between the two concepts, i.e. the question whether every totalitarian regime has and/or intends to build its own literature or whether it oppresses all kinds of literature
Gesta Innocentii III - autobiographical elements in medieval papal biography?
No full textAutobiography in the Middle Ages is still a much debated concept. Several autobiographical writings of medieval secular rulers as well as biographies of high church dignitaries and prominent theologians have survived. The Gesta Innocentii III, written around 1209–1210, occupies a distinctive place in papal historiography. While its authorship has long been debated, the text has not been systematically studied from the perspective of autobiography. For this reason, the present study analyses the autobiographical elements in the Gesta Innocentii III by comparing selected passages from this text with the literary works authored by Innocent III. The analysis identifies strong thematic and lexical parallels with Innocent's genuine writings and therefore suggests Innocent's active role in shaping his biography, even if parts of the work derive from curial compilation. The Gesta thus emerges as a hybrid text, positioned between biography and autobiography, which reshapes our understanding of Innocent's self-representation and contributes to broader discussions of authority and subjectivity in medieval literature
'You don't take someone like that to the pub! He belongs in the madhouse!' : representations of otherness and normality in the play Kein Platz für Idioten by Felix Mitterer
No full textThe Austrian playwright Felix Mitterer's Kein Platz für Idioten portrays a seemingly normal society in conflict with a deviant element. The protagonist, a mentally disabled boy rejected by his family and later taken in by an old man, disrupts not only his immediate surroundings but also the social order of a small Alpine village. Fearing that the presence of a disabled individual might deter affluent German tourists, the community ultimately accuses the boy of a fabricated crime and institutionalizes him, thereby removing the perceived disturbance. This study argues that disability and normality in Mitterer's play can be interpreted in reverse: the boy and his caretaker may represent true normality, while the rest of society is shaped by abnormalities
[Pešková, Andrea. L2 Spanish and Italian intonation: accounting for the different patterns displayed by L1 Czech and German learners]
No full textRecenzované dílo:
Pešková, Andrea. L2 Spanish and Italian intonation: accounting for the different patterns displayed by L1 Czech and German learners. Berlin: Language Science Press, 2023. viii, 373 p. ISBN 978-3-98554-076-1.Reviewed work:
Pešková, Andrea. L2 Spanish and Italian intonation: accounting for the different patterns displayed by L1 Czech and German learners. Berlin: Language Science Press, 2023. viii, 373 p. ISBN 978-3-98554-076-1
La bella e dotta difesa delle donne : aproximación al manuscrito palatino y sus variantes
No full textLuigi Dardano (1429–1511) is presented as one of the pioneering writers in the writing of works in defense of the female sex during the Women's Quarrel in Italy. Although La bella e dotta difesa delle donne was published posthumously in 1554, with a series of modifications and revisions made by his grandson Ippolito Dardano, the manuscript version dates from between 1507 and 1508. The aim of this article is to analyze the existing variants between the two versions from a philological and genre studies perspective, as well as to launch a new hypothesis regarding Ippolito Dardano's censorship of some parts of the text, such as the introduction and an eighth book, both present in the manuscript and absent in the printed version.Luigi Dardano (1429–1511) se presenta como uno de los escritores pioneros en la redacción de obras en defensa del sexo femenino durante la Querella de las Mujeres en Italia. Aunque La bella e dotta difesa delle donne se publica en 1554 a modo póstumo, con toda una serie de modificaciones y revisiones realizadas por parte de su nieto Ippolito Dardano, la versión manuscrita data de entre 1507 y 1508. El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar un análisis de las variantes existentes entre ambas versiones desde una perspectiva filológica y de los estudios de género, así como lanzar una nueva hipótesis respecto a la censura que realiza Ippolito Dardano de algunas partes del texto, como son la introducción y un octavo libro, presentes ambos en el manuscrito y ausentes en la versión a imprenta