Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Querelle des femmes nella Padova cinquecentesca : La difesa delle donne (1588), di Prodicogine Filarete
No full textThis article aims at an initial analysis of Prodicogine Filarete's La difesa delle donne. Published in Padua in 1588, it is a literary reaction against Onofrio Filiriaco's Vera narratione delle operationi delle donne. The methodology of the work brings together cultural and philological studies from a gender perspective, to show that Filarete's text constituted a document of social denunciation within the Querelle des femmes of the 16th century. A literary introduction is presented that serves to contextualise the work, followed by an analysis of the text, highlighting the philogynistic arguments of Prodicogine Filarete, in such a way as to contribute to the studies carried out previously and suggest new research itineraries.Il presente articolo si pone come obiettivo una prima analisi de La difesa delle donne di Prodicogine Filarete. Pubblicata a Padova nel 1588, si tratta di una reazione letteraria contro la Vera narratione delle operationi delle donne di Onofrio Filiriaco. Nella metodologia del lavoro confluiscono gli studi culturali e filologici in prospettiva di genere, per (di)mostrare che il testo di Filarete costituì un documento di denuncia sociale all'interno della Querelle des femmes del Cinquecento. Si presenta un'introduzione letteraria che serva a contestualizzare l'opera, seguita dall'analisi del testo, mettendo in evidenza gli argomenti filogini di Prodicogine Filarete, in modo tale da contribuire agli studi svolti in precedenza e suggerire nuovi itinerari di ricerca
Tlesky: the sad story of the largest "treasure" of medieval glass in Europe
No full text"Poklad" asi 400 skleněných kroužků, náhodně odkrytý na středověké tvrzi v Tleskách v roce 1961, dosud nebyl komplexně zpracován a vyhodnocen, stejně jako výsledky následného archeologického výzkumu, provedeného Národním muzeem a Archeologickým ústavem Akademie věd v Praze. Zůstalo u publikování předběžné zprávy v Časopise Národního muzea a dílčích výsledků studia skla z lokality v Památkách archeologických. Část nálezů je ve Vlastivědném muzeu v Jesenici, další zůstaly v NM, malá část byla v Uměleckoprůmyslovém muzeu v Praze. Dokumentace k výzkumu v NM zatím není k dohledání. Bohužel vedoucí výzkumu Pavel Radoměrský a Bořivoj Nechvátal již nemohou poskytnout bližší informace, stejně jako Dagmar Hejdová, která se angažovala ve zpracování kroužků a nádob ze skla. Jedna z autorek článku (HS) náhodně objevila ve sbírkách UPM část "pokladu" a neznámé zlomky skleněných nádob a následně se jí podařilo vypátrat i nálezy v NM. Článek podává přehled známých i nově zjištěných skutečností a vyhodnocení skleněných předmětů z UPM včetně analýz složení skla. Byl veden snahou vyvolat badatelský zájem o tento nález, unikátní v evropském kontextu. Předměty z nálezu byly vráceny do VM Jesenice.The "treasure" of approximately 400 glass rings, accidentally uncovered at the medieval manor in Tlesky in 1961, has not yet been comprehensively analysed and evaluated, nor have the results of subsequent archaeological research conducted by the National Museum and the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague. Only a preliminary report was published in the Journal of the National Museum and partial results of the study of glass from the site appeared in the Archaeological Monuments journal. Some of the finds are in the Regional Museum in Jesenice, others remained in the National Museum, and a small part was in the Museum of Decorative Arts in Prague. The documentation of the research in the National Museum is currently unavailable. Unfortunately, the research leaders Pavel Radoměrský and Bořivoj Nechvátal are no longer able to provide further information, nor is Dagmar Hejdová, who was involved in the documenting of the glass rings and vessels. One of the authors of the article (HS) accidentally discovered part of the "treasure" and unknown fragments of glass vessels in the MDA collections and managed to track down the finds in the NM. The article provides an overview of known and newly discovered facts and an evaluation of the glass objects from the MDA, including analyses of the composition of the glass. It was motivated by an effort to trigger specialist interest in this find which is unique in the European context. The objects from the collection were returned to the Jesenice museum
Cardinal determiners and the clausal analysis of exceptives
No full textThis note presents a novel observation and proposes a modification of an existing analysis to account for it. The novel observation is that an exceptive, i.e. an adverbial phrase headed by the word "except", gives rise to oddness when the noun phrase containing it as an adjunct is combined with a cardinal determiner, i.e. one which comes with a presupposition about the number of elements in the denotation of its complement. Thus, there is a contrast between the sentence "all members of the Beatle except John Lennon gave an interview", which is perfectly acceptable, and the sentence "all four members of the Beatles except John Lennon gave an interview", which is odd, the difference between "all" and "all four" being that the latter presupposes that its complement NP denotes a set containing four members. The existing analysis of exceptives which I propose to modify in order to account for such contrasts is that presented in Vostrikova (2021). According to this analysis, exceptives are eliptical clauses. Thus, Vostrikova claims that the logical form of the sentence "all members of the Beatles except John Lennon gave an interview" would be something like "all members of the Beatles gave an interview except John Lennon did not give an interview". The modification I make to Vostrikova's analysis consists in minimally changing one part in the three-part truth condition which she assigns to exceptive constructions. This minimal change results in undefinedness when noun phrases containing exceptives combine with cardinal determiners. I also present a brief discussion of the analysis of exceptives proposed by von Fintel (1993) which takes exceptives to be NP modifiers, and one proposed by Moltman (1995) which takes exceptives to be DP modifiers
An anti-locality requirement for extraposition from subject
No full textLocality has long been regarded as a key factor constraining "non-local" syntactic dependencies. There has also been proposed another locality requirement, Anti-Locality, which prohibits "too-local" syntactic dependencies. This paper aims to account for the (im)possibility of extraposition from subjects in terms of Anti-Locality. Johnson (1985) observes that extraposition is only allowed from the D-structure object position. Put differently, extraposition from subjects of unergative/transitive predicates (henceforth, external subjects) is prohibited, whereas extraposition from subjects of unaccusative/ passive predicates (henceforth, internal subjects) is allowed. We argue that this contrast is best explained by Erlewine's (2020) Spec-to-Spec Anti-Locality Condition. Building on Fox – Nissenbaum's (1999) QR-and-late-merger analysis of adjunct extraposition from objects, we propose that adjunct extraposition from subjects is derived via two distinct operations: parallel movement of host NPs (Chomsky 2008) and late-merger of adjuncts (Lebeaux 1988). A host subject NP undergoes covert focus A-bar movement and overt A-movement simultaneously, with an extraposed adjunct introduced in the derivation via late-merger. Under a cartographic view (Belletti 2004; Cruschina 2011), we propose that the landing site for the host NP's covert focus A-bar movement is the Spec position of TP-internal Foc(us)P, and that extraposition from external subjects is ruled out precisely because covert focus A-bar movement of the host NP from Spec,vP to Spec,TP-internal FocP violates the Spec-to-Spec Anti-Locality Condition. The Anti-Locality analysis further predicts that when an additional XP—such as a sentence adverbial—intervenes in the host NP's movement path, extraposition from external subjects should be permitted, avoiding Anti-Locality-violating configurations. We demonstrate that this prediction is borne out
Geographies of melancholia and complex pleasure : Black flânerie in Edward P. Jones's "A New Man" and "Lost in the City"
No full textThis article explores how Black geographies shape experiences of melancholia and pleasure in Edward P. Jones's Lost in the City (1992). It examines how movement through Washington, D.C. — understood as Black flânerie — becomes a means of processing complex emotions in African American life. In "A New Man," Woodrow and Rita Cunningham struggle with melancholia after their teen daughter's disappearance, using the city to navigate grief, though they cannot fully move forward. Similarly, in "Lost in the City," Lydia Walsh, a successful Yale-educated lawyer, directs the driver to intentionally lose her in the city. Her movement through familiar landmarks reflects her negotiation of loss, shock, and memory in the aftermath of her mother's death. Through the application of the concept of Black flâneur to these characters, the article demonstrates how slow loss, melancholia, and complex pleasure are woven into the fabric of Jones's Black literary geographies
Placelessness in Stuart Dybek's short stories : the new tramps
No full textThe article explores the sense of placelessness in two collections of short fiction by Stuart Dybek: Childhood and Other Neighborhoods (1980) and The Coast of Chicago (1990). It examines the role of vagrants in "The Palatsky Man", "Chopin in Winter", "The Wake", "Sauerkraut Soup" and "Nighthawks", in comparison with the places occupied by other characters. By using Jacques Derrida's notion of hospitality as a discourse on space, the article explore the function of place in these stories in terms of the degree of exclusion of marginal populations and explore the dichotomies of place/placelessness and inclusion/exclusion. The places he describes in his stories create a dialectics of inclusion and exclusion, one that he represents by placing vagrants and immigrants in specific narrative scenarios. There are indications that immigrants want to enter the area of inclusion, whereas this drive is less clear cut in the case of vagrants
The Role and Impact of AI on School Leaders' Agency in Austria : A Qualitative Study
No full textThis article examines how Austrian school leaders enact professional agency in the context of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into their daily leadership practices. Recent educational discourse has increasingly called for a new type of leadership: "edupreneurial leaders" (Pashiardis & Brauckmann, 2018), capable of transforming schools into adaptive, innovative, and learner-centered organizations. This shift places leaders in multidimensional roles as change agents, knowledge brokers, and process facilitators (Brauckmann & Eder, 2019). These evolving responsibilities raise critical questions about the extent to which AI supports or undermines school leaders' professional agency. Drawing on a qualitative content analysis by Mayring (2022), and based on 10 in-depth interviews with school leaders from various school types, the findings reveal that AI is predominantly used to augment, rather than automate, tasks related to communication, documentation, and instructional support. While AI enables efficiency and cognitive relief, leaders deliberately retain decision-making authority, revealing a reflective and cautious approach. The study contributes to the growing discourse on educational leadership in the digital age by offering a nuanced understanding of how AI reshapes, but does not replace, school leadership agency. It concludes that the future of school leadership depends not only on technological innovation, but also on ethical, strategic, and reflective navigation of AI tools.This article examines how Austrian school leaders enact professional agency in the context of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into their daily leadership practices. Recent educational discourse has increasingly called for a new type of leadership: "edupreneurial leaders" (Pashiardis & Brauckmann, 2018), capable of transforming schools into adaptive, innovative, and learner-centered organizations. This shift places leaders in multidimensional roles as change agents, knowledge brokers, and process facilitators (Brauckmann & Eder, 2019). These evolving responsibilities raise critical questions about the extent to which AI supports or undermines school leaders' professional agency. Drawing on a qualitative content analysis by Mayring (2022), and based on 10 in-depth interviews with school leaders from various school types, the findings reveal that AI is predominantly used to augment, rather than automate, tasks related to communication, documentation, and instructional support. While AI enables efficiency and cognitive relief, leaders deliberately retain decision-making authority, revealing a reflective and cautious approach. The study contributes to the growing discourse on educational leadership in the digital age by offering a nuanced understanding of how AI reshapes, but does not replace, school leadership agency. It concludes that the future of school leadership depends not only on technological innovation, but also on ethical, strategic, and reflective navigation of AI tools
Primary school teacher education in historical, comparative and systematic perspective
No full textPřehledová studie analyzuje klíčové trendy ve vývoji vzdělávání této kategorie učitelů u nás od konce 19. století do současnosti na pozadí vývojových trendů v západoevropských zemích. V centru pozornosti jsou proměny po roce 1989 v kontextu měnících se společenských podmínek a transformace školství s cílem identifikovat pozitivní stránky dosavadního vývoje i kritická místa a otevřené otázky v koncepci a realizaci studia učitelství. Je reflektována role primární pedagogiky, v českém kontextu nově konstituovaného oboru, v tvorbě koncepce a inovacích studijních programů učitelství pro primární školu. Retrospektivní pohled je východiskem k úvahám o perspektivách dalšího vývoje.This overview study analyses key trends in the development of education in this category of teachers in the Czech Republic from the late 19th century to the present against the background of development trends in Western European countries. The focus is on the changes after 1989 in the context of changing social conditions and transformation of education in order to identify the positive aspects of the current development as well as critical points and open questions in the concept of and implementation of teacher education studies. The role of primary pedagogy, in the Czech context, a newly constituted discipline, in the conception and innovation of study programmes Teacher Education for Primary School is reflected upon. The retrospective view is the starting point for reflection perspectives of further development