Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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[Ossenkop, Christina; Winkelmann, Otto (éds.). Manuel des frontières linguistiques dans la Romania]
No full textPsychedelický chronotop vlastnej izby v ruskej próze? : nad textami Gogoľa, Dostojevského a Bulgakova
No full textThe paper analyzes selected prose works by Gogol (Nevsky prospekt), Dostoevsky (Belye nochi), and Bulgakov (Diavoliada). It addresses a specific topic of the connection between the depiction of one's own room and the psychedelic visions of the characters in the selected works of fiction. While Gogol's and Dostoevsky's writing is built on the opposition between the dream and reality, Bulgakov's text is structured differently. The main character is trapped in a world where there is no possibility of distinguishing between imagination and actual reality
Generation Y And Z's Perspectives on Their Future Employment Relations and Organizational Cultures against the Background of the Digital Transformation of Work
Get PDFDigital transformation is fundamentally changing organizational cultures and attitudes towards work, particularly through the blurring of boundaries between work and private life. This study is part of the research project “Work of the future” and contributes to a better understanding of attitudes towards, and acceptance patterns of new work arrangements among Generation Y and Z students. Using an online survey, it analyzes perceptions of digitally-transformed workplaces, working hours, and responsibilities for lifelong learning and further training. The results reveal three interesting insights. First, no significant differences emerge between the generations in terms of the acceptance of digital working models and preferred working hours. Second, Generation Z positions itself more clearly by holding employers more accountable for individualized further training schemes and career opportunities. Finally, statistically significant gender-specific differences are confirmed regarding preferred working hours and attitudes towards digitally-transformed employment relations, with lower acceptance levels among females.Digital transformation is fundamentally changing organizational cultures and attitudes towards work, particularly through the blurring of boundaries between work and private life. This study is part of the research project “Work of the future” and contributes to a better understanding of attitudes towards, and acceptance patterns of new work arrangements among Generation Y and Z students. Using an online survey, it analyzes perceptions of digitally-transformed workplaces, working hours, and responsibilities for lifelong learning and further training. The results reveal three interesting insights. First, no significant differences emerge between the generations in terms of the acceptance of digital working models and preferred working hours. Second, Generation Z positions itself more clearly by holding employers more accountable for individualized further training schemes and career opportunities. Finally, statistically significant gender-specific differences are confirmed regarding preferred working hours and attitudes towards digitally-transformed employment relations, with lower acceptance levels among females
Dismissals of the Court Presidents in the Visegrad Group Countries in the Light of Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights
Get PDFThe dismissals of the court presidents have been an issue of considerable controversy in several European jurisdictions, notably in the Visegrad Group countries (Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia). On the one hand, these actions might be perceived as a potential threat to the independence of the judiciary. Still, on the other hand, the premature termination of the court president’s mandate may prove necessary under certain circumstances. The article explores the common problems that have arisen in the V4 states and the guarantees stemming from Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights. It provides an insight into the domestic removal mechanisms. Based on the existing ECtHR case-law, the positive duties of the States are further reconstructed with regard to the dismissals of the court presidents. The article also includes several proposals for solving specific problems that the Court has not directly addressed. Furthermore, it lists the criteria to be met by the High Contracting Parties so that the national practices regarding dismissal proceedings fully comply with the Convention
Between Objective Law and Legal Certainty: Public Interest Actions by the Prosecutor General in the Administrative Courts’ Case Law
Get PDFTento příspěvek se zabývá vývojem a současnou podobou žalobní legitimace nejvyššího státního zástupce podle § 66 odst. 2 soudního řádu správního. V centru pozornosti stojí zejména posun judikatury, která stále výrazněji zohledňuje princip dobré víry a ochranu právní jistoty adresátů rozhodnutí, jež jsou v praxi napadána s dlouhým časovým odstupem. Autor shrnuje historický kontext, rozsáhlou judikaturu správních soudů i relevantní nálezy Ústavního soudu a kriticky hodnotí nejednoznačnost výkladu v některých oblastech. Závěrem se zabývá možnostmi, jak by bylo možné dosáhnout větší jednotnosti – ať už prostřednictvím rozhodnutí rozšířeného senátu NSS, či novelizací soudního řádu správního.This article examines the evolution and current application of the legal standing of the Supreme Public Prosecutor under Section 66(2) of the Czech Code of Administrative Justice. A particular focus is placed on recent judicial developments, which increasingly emphasize the protection of good faith and legal certainty for individuals who may be affected by delayed challenges to administrative decisions. The author reviews the historical background, a broad range of case law from administrative courts, and the relevant Constitutional Court rulings, providing a critical assessment of the inconsistencies in interpreting this institute. The article concludes by considering potential ways to achieve greater clarity and uniformity, including the possibility of involving the Supreme Administrative Court’s extended panel or amending the Code of Administrative Justice
The Regulation of Environmental Inspections in European Union Law and its Future Prospects
Get PDFVeřejnoprávní kontroly v českém právním řádu hrají klíčovou roli při realizaci veřejných zájmů a mají dvojí význam – jednak jako preventivní nástroj k ověření plnění veřejnoprávních povinností, a jednak jako prostředek získávání důkazního materiálu pro sankční řízení. Tento článek se zaměřuje na význam environmentálních kontrol, které jsou nepostradatelným nástrojem pro prosazování práva životního prostředí a realizaci zásad jako odpovědnost za ekologickou újmu, komplexní ochrany životního prostředí a princip prevence. Cílem článku je prozkoumat vhodnost a účelnost harmonizace environmentálních inspekcí na evropské úrovni, analyzovat její potenciální výhody a úskalí, a provést rozbor současného stavu právní úpravy v Evropské unii včetně historického vývoje, který k tomuto stavu vedl. Článek se rovněž zaměřuje na právní úpravy v Polsku a Francii jako příklady národních přístupů a zkoumá, jak by mohly inspirovat unijní či českou právní úpravu. Součástí úvah je i otázka, zda nová směrnice o trestněprávní ochraně životního prostředí může přispět k budoucí harmonizaci v této oblasti.Public law inspections play a key role in the Czech legal system in the realization of public interests and have a dual significance – both as a preventive tool for verifying the fulfillment of public law obligations and as a means of gathering evidence for sanctioning procedures. This article focuses on the importance of environmental inspections, which are indispensable tools for enforcing environmental law and implementing principles such as the responsibility for environmental harm, comprehensive environmental protection, and the precautionary principle. The article aims to explore the suitability and purpose of harmonizing environmental inspections at the European level, analyzing their potential advantages and challenges, and providing an overview of the current state of legal regulation in the European Union, including the historical development that led to this state. It also examines the legal frameworks in Poland and France as examples of national approaches and investigates how they could inspire EU or Czech legal regulations. Part of the discussion also addresses whether the new directive on criminal law protection of the environment could contribute to future harmonization in this area
Cryptoassets from the Perspective of Criminal Law of the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and the Law of the European Union
Get PDFPríspevok sa zaoberá fenoménom súčasnej doby, a to kryptomenami, ktoré sa stávajú súčasťou nie len nášho každodenného života, ale aj života organizovaného zločinu. Na otázky vynárajúce sa v oblasti kryptoaktív neexistujú jednoznačné a už vôbec nie jednoduché odpovede. S ohľadom na to, sa autori budú snažiť priniesť nový pohľad na trestnoprávne aspekty previazané s kryptoaktívami, a to poukázaním na zavedený slovenský inštitút zaistenia kryptoaktíva v zmysle § 96d Trestného poriadku. Zároveň tiež prinášajú aj analýzu právnej úpravy Českej republiky a práva Európskej únie. V tomto kontexte rovnako upriamia pozornosť na možné návrhy de lege ferenda, ktoré do skúmanej problematiky prinesú viac jednoznačnosti a právnej istoty.The article deals with a contemporary phenomenon, namely cryptocurrencies, which are becoming a part not only of our everyday life, but also of organized crime. There are no clear and easy answers to the questions arising in the field of crypto-assets. With this in mind, the authors will try to bring a new perspective on the criminal law aspects associated with crypto-assets, by pointing to the established Slovak institute of seizure of crypto-assets under Section 96d of the Criminal Procedure Code. At the same time, they also provide an analysis of the legal regulation of the Czech Republic and European Union law. In this context, they will also draw attention to possible de lege ferenda proposals that will bring more clarity and legal certainty to the issue under review
Article 22 EUMR and Call-in Powers as Tools of Jurisdictional Creep in Merger Control
Get PDFThis paper analyses the evolving use of Art. 22 EU Merger Regulation (EUMR) and national call-in powers as mechanisms for capturing below-threshold killer acquisitions. In September 2024, the Court of Justice (Court) delivered its ruling in Illumina/Grail, rejecting the expansionist interpretation of Art. 22 EUMR by the European Commission (EC), which extended its jurisdiction by allowing Member States to refer transactions that did not meet any national thresholds. Despite this clear judicial guidance, the EC appears to interpret the judgment less restrictively, accepting referrals based on national competition authorities’ call-in powers. The paper argues that the EC effectively sidesteps the Court’s judgment and undermines legal certainty. Whether this approach is in line with the ruling of the Court remains to be seen; the General Court will provide an answer in Nvidia/Run:ai.For the time being, it is necessary to assess whether call-in powers are an appropriate tool. The paper holds that while they may address the regulatory gap, they are largely non-selective, fragmentary, unpredictable and disproportionate. However, this fragmentation presents a regulatory opportunity: the call-in model may be designed in a way that upholds the underlying principles of merger control. The paper concludes with policy recommendations, advocating for a selective, transparent and objective approach that preserves legal certainty – supported by soft law and the use of comfort letters