Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Detská piesňová tvorba Jána Valašťana-Dolinského
No full textJán Valašťan-Dolinský (1892–1965) was a versatile artist and culturally and socially oriented. As a passionate music teacher, conductor and composer, he devoted a large part of his work to the arrangement of folk songs for the needs of music education in national, folk and primary schools and the development of children's choral singing. The manuscript also contains several artificial songs for children, which he dedicated to his grandchildren and which are unknown to the public. In the introduction of the paper, we will present the origin and development of children's song in a historical-social and music-pedagogical context, then we will briefly introduce the personality of Ján Valašťan-Dolinský and the main focus will be on the analysis and comparison of the found versions of children's song manuscripts and the possibilities of their application in the stages of music education
The construction of the south-western section of the fortifications of the Pohansko centre near Břeclav and its current state
No full textJihozápadní úsek opevnění centra velkomoravského Pohanska patří mezi nejvíc poškozené úseky linie opevnění. Úsek na přelomu 18. a 19. století Lichtenštejnové výrazně pozměnili stavbou loveckého zámečku. Destrukce hradby byla snížena a zplanýrována, přičemž v místech základu a sklepa došlo k jejímu úplnému odstranění. Průběh destrukce byl vždy odhadován na základě spíše intuice než archeologického výzkumu. Pro identifikaci jsme se rozhodli využít kombinaci nedestruktivních geofyzikálních metod, sondážních vrtů a terénního výzkumu. Výzkumem byly zjištěny rabováním narušené destrukční vrstvy i konstrukce hradby. Doplněním o informace z dříve realizovaných záchranných a předstihových výzkumů se podařilo jistě identifikovat průběh linie opevnění sledovaného úseku. Podařilo se také určit místo, kde se s vysokou pravděpodobností nachází jižní brána do centrálního areálu.The south-western section of the fortifications of the Great Moravian Pohansko centre is among the most damaged sections of the fortification line. At the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, the Lichtensteins significantly changed the section by building a hunting lodge. The destruction of the wall was reduced and levelled, while it was completely removed in the places of the foundations and the basement. The course of destruction has always been estimated based on intuition rather than archaeological research. For identification, we decided to use a combination of non-destructive geophysical methods, sounding boreholes and field research. The research revealed the destruction layers and the structure of the rampart, which had been disturbed by looting. By supplementing this with information from previously carried out rescue and advance research, it was possible to identify with certainty the course of the fortification line of the monitored section. It was also possible to identify the place where the south gate to the central area is most probably located
Morphology of medieval field boundary strips : a comparative analysis
No full textStudium morfologie mezních pásů středověkých polí poskytuje klíčový vhled do historického využití krajiny a prostorové organizace zemědělských praktik minulosti. Tento článek analyzuje a systematicky klasifikuje mezní pásy spojené se zaniklými středověkými vesnicemi dochovanými v současných lesích České republiky, přičemž využívá komparativní přístup k dokumentaci a hodnocení jejich variability. Revize původní typologie Ervína Černého, založená na podrobné analýze lidarových dat a jejich důsledném terénním ověření, odhalila dosud nepopsané formy – topograficky adaptivní struktury a morfologicky mimořádně variabilní útvary. Tyto poznatky vedly k vyčlenění 16 typů mezních pásů, které reflektují jemné nuance jejich profilace. Článek zdůrazňuje širší historicko-kulturní a environmentální význam těchto reliktů, které doposud zůstávaly na okraji badatelského zájmu. Studie přispívá k lepšímu pochopení středověkého zemědělského využívání krajiny a zároveň rozšiřuje celoevropský výzkum historických polních systémů o cennou českou evidenci.This study of the morphology of medieval field boundaries provides key insights into the historical use of landscapes and the spatial organisation of past agricultural practices. This paper analyses and systematically classifies boundary strips associated with deserted medieval villages preserved in the contemporary forests of the Czech Republic, employing a comparative approach to examine their variability. A revision of Ervín Černý's original typology, based on detailed analysis of lidar data and rigorous field validation, revealed previously undocumented forms – topographically adaptive structures and morphologically highly variable earthworks. These findings led to the identification of 16 types of boundary features, reflecting subtle nuances in their profiles. The paper highlights the broader historical, cultural, and environmental significance of these often-overlooked relics. The study contributes to a better understanding of medieval agricultural land use and enriches the comprehensive European research into historical field systems with valuable Czech evidence
The find of a destroyed (?) tile stove and evidence of earlier settlement in the vicinity of the Velké Losiny chateau (Šumperk district)
No full textNa podzim roku 2015 proběhla rekonstrukce elektroinstalace zámku ve Velkých Losinách. Přibližně uprostřed jižní strany nádvoří byla výkopovou rýhou zachycena situace (k. 108) obsahující možnou destrukci kachlových kamen. Tuto interpretaci podporují vyzvednuté kusy mazanice, které lze spojovat s výmazem kamen, a také celkové provedení kamnářské keramiky. Z výkopu pochází několik desítek zlomků režných komorových, baňkovitých a nádobkových kachlů. Na základě morfologických znaků a zjištěných motivů můžeme předpokládané otopné těleso zařadit do průběhu první poloviny 16. století. Konvolut kamnářské keramiky lze patrně spojovat s blíže neurčeným objektem, který předcházel dnešnímu velkolosinskému zámku postavenému v druhé polovině 16. století.In the autumn of 2015, the electrical installation in the Velké Losiny chateau was reconstructed. Approximately in the middle of the south side of the courtyard, a context (k. 108) containing a possible destruction of a tile stove was detected by an excavation trench. This interpretation is supported by the recovered pieces of daub which might be associated with the greasing of the stove, and also by the overall style of the stove's ceramic. The excavation yielded several dozen fragments of naked, chamber, bulb-shaped and pot-shaped tiles. On the basis of the morphological features and the motifs found, the presumed stove ca be placed in the first half of the 16th century. The series of stove ceramics is probably associated with an unspecified structure that preceded the present Velké Losiny chateau built in the second half of the 16th century
PQ Call for papers : 60 Years of PQ as a Meeting Place of Scenographic Worlds : online symposium
No full textFor nearly 60 years, the Prague Quadrennial of Performance Design and Space has been the world’s largest exhibition and festival dedicated to scenography, performance design, and performance space. Since its founding in 1967, PQ has continuously evolved, navigating political and cultural shifts while remaining a vital space for scenographic experimentation and innovation. Taking place every four years without interruption, it has grown into a global meeting ground for performance designers, artists, scholars, and students, fostering interdisciplinary and intergenerational exchange across artistic and cultural differences. [...
[Ávila-Cabrera, José Javier. The challenge of subtitling offensive and taboo language into Spanish: a theoretical and practical guide]
No full textA Critique of Metaethical Constructivism
No full textMetaethical constructivism, proposed by Sharon Street, has been described as a novel and promising metaethical theory. It is a form of cognitivist anti-realism that purports to be without substantive normative assumptions, while still allowing for the possibility of an agent being mistaken about what is normatively true for them. Here, I present five objections to the theory’s purported strengths. I argue primarily that metaethical constructivism cannot do without substantive normative assumptions, that it is not a novel position in metaethics but a kind of relativism, and that the possibility of an agent being mistaken about what is normatively true for them is more limited than it might seem. I also argue that constructivism does not allow us to evaluate distant pasts and futures, and that it blurs the line between normative truth and falsity
[Podzimek, Michal. Bůh ve škole: na cestě od uzavřeného dogmatu k dospělé křesťanské spiritualitě...]
No full textThe influence of the position of political parties in the district council on the election of the staroste. Evidences from Poland
No full textDespite the growing number of studies devoted to the intricacies of the functioning of local government units in Poland (communes, districts and provinces), it is difficult to point to a scientific study that focuses on districts and the influence of the position of political parties operating at the level of legislature on the election of the staroste as the chairman of the executive. The paper is intended to fill this urgent research gap. The conducted research based on the use of methods and techniques - mainly comparative analysis and statistical analysis - as well as the nationwide data leads to the conclusion that the position of the staroste party (in the district) is weaker than the position of the president party (in the commune) and the marshal party (in the province). In other words, the leading parties operating in districts have the weakest position among the leading parties in all types of local government units included in the study
Features of Euroscepticism in the Euro-Optimistic Society: Mapping Lithuanian Party-Based Euroscepticism
No full textThis article examines the political manifestations of Eurosceptic Lithuanian political parties and their degree of Euroscepticism in the context of a rather euro-optimistic Lithuanian society. The Eurobarometer surveys (2024) indicate that more than 77% of Lithuanian citizens (higher than the EU average) consider the EU a very important institution. However, there has been an increased number of Eurosceptic party lists in the European Parliament elections in 2024 and increased number of elected representatives joined Eurosceptic political groups in the EP. The aim of this paper is to analyse the extent and characteristics of Euroscepticism among Lithuanian political parties. The research includes an analysis of the data on the 2024 EP elections results, as well as content analysis of the manifestos of Eurosceptic political parties. The study covers cultural, identity, economic, nationalist and pro-Russian aspects of the ideological orientations of political parties. It is argued that in Lithuania, party-based Euroscepticism are diffused and do not have a major influence on the national political agenda yet. Lithuanian Eurosceptic parties are characterized by a soft Euroscepticism and a similar ‘anti-genderist’, ‘pro-traditional family’ campaign