Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Проблематика пространства в балладах "Светлана" Жуковского и "Свадебные рубашки" Эрбена
No full textThis article analyses the ballads "Svetlana" by V. A. Zhukovsky and "Wedding Shirts" by K. J. Erben, the plot of which is derived from a famous poem by the German pre-Romantic poet Gottfried August Bürger. In analysing both works, we focus on the problem of spaciousness. Drawing on the conclusions of the Czech literary scholar Vojtěch Jirát, who considered Erben's ballads as an example of Czech Biedermeier, we try to show that the ideological plan of The Wedding Shirts is reflected in the way in which spaciousness is arranged in the ballad. Comparing it with the ballad "Svetlana", traditionally considered part of Russian Romanticism, we draw attention to the similarities in the ideological and spatial arrangement of both works.В настоящей статье рассматриваются баллады "Светлана" В. А. Жуковского и "Свадебные рубашки" К. Я. Эрбена, сюжет которых восходит к известной поэме немецкого преромантического поэта Готфрида Августа Бюргера. В анализе обоих произведений мы сосредотачиваемся на проблематике пространства. Опираясь на выводы чешского литературоведа Войтеха Йирата, который считал баллады Эрбена примером чешского бидермейера, мы пытаемся показать, что идейный план "Свадебных рубашек" отражается в том, каким образом устроено пространство в балладе. Сравнивая "Свадебные рубашки" с балладой "Светлана", традиционно считающейся частью русского романтизма, мы обращаем внимание на сходство в идейном и пространственном устройстве обоих произведений
Ransomware and Ransom Payments in the Context of Criminal Law
Full text linkČlánok poskytuje systematický prehľad kľúčových právnych aspektov úhrad výkupného pri ransomvérových útokoch z pohľadu českého a slovenského trestného práva. Po úvode, sa v druhej kapitole sumarizuje doterajší výskum v tejto oblasti. Následne tretia kapitola približuje fenomén ransomvéru, so zameraním na model Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) a jeho technicko-ekonomické pozadie. Štvrtá kapitola analyzuje mechanizmy legalizácie výkupného, najmä prostredníctvom kryptomien a anonymizačných nástrojov. Piata kapitola sa venuje právnym dôsledkom úhrady výkupného, vrátane možného porušenia sankčných režimov EÚ a trestnoprávnych rizík, ako je legalizácia výnosov z trestnej činnosti či financovanie terorizmu. Na záver sú rozobrané ďalšie riziká spojené s platbami výkupného a rámec pre rozhodovací proces poškodených s dôrazom na compliance a riadenie rizík.This article provides a structured overview of the key legal aspects of ransom payments in the context of ransomware attacks from the Czech and Slovak criminal law perspective. After introduction, the second section summarizes existing and recent research on the topic. The third section introduces the concept of ransomware, with a special focus on the Ransomware-as-a-Service (RaaS) model, and explores its technical and economic underpinnings. The fourth section analyses the laundering of ransom proceeds, particularly via cryptocurrencies and anonymization tools. The fifth section examines the legal implications of ransom payments, including potential violations of EU sanctions regimes and the risk of committing money laundering or terrorism financing offences under criminal law. Finally, the article discusses other risks associated with ransom payments and a formal decision-making framework for victims, emphasizing compliance duties and risk management procedures
Unraveling the positive and negative roles of positive body-focused social media interactions in adolescents’ body image
No full textDespite the increasing circulation of potentially positive body-focused social media content, it remains unclear how interactions with such content relate to adolescents’ positive and negative body image. This cross-sectional study (n = 690 adolescents, Mage = 16.41, SDage = .98, 55.96% girls) examined the relations between interactions with potentially positive content (i.e., exposure and posting of Body Positive (BoPo) content, receiving positive appearance comments from peers on social media), susceptibility factors (i.e., aesthetic hypersensitivity, sex), a positive body image component (i.e., body appreciation) and negative body image components (i.e., self-objectification, internalization of appearance ideals, appearance comparisons with peers). Receiving positive appearance comments was associated with higher levels of body self-love, self-objectification, internalization and appearance comparisons. Moreover, there was a positive association between BoPo posting and negative body image components (i.e., higher levels of self-objectification, internalization, appearance comparisons). Aesthetic hypersensitivity and sex appeared to moderate some of the examined relationships. These findings indicate that positive-intended content may relate to the development of a positive body image, but also to a negative body image. Implications are discussed
Passion and Addiction in Aerobic, Anaerobic, and Mixed (CrossFit) Exercises
Full text linkThis study employed exercise dependence and four-phase models to investigate the relationship between passion for exercise and the risk of exercise addiction (REA) among practitioners of aerobic, anaerobic, and CrossFit exercises. Participants (N = 424; 60.8% female; mean age = 38.29 ± 9.71 years) were recruited from fitness centers and social media in Hungary. The sample included 234 CrossFit, 126 aerobic (e.g., running, cycling, swimming), and 64 anaerobic (bodybuilding) exercisers. Data were collected online on Qualtrics, which included demographic questions, the Exercise Addiction Inventory-3, and the Passion Scale-8. CrossFit participants exhibited the highest exercise frequency and intensity, with a greater prevalence of REA (25.2%) compared to the anaerobic (15.6%) and aerobic (14.3%) groups. CrossFitters also scored higher on salience, withdrawal symptoms, and passion. However, group differences in absolute REA scores vanished after controlling for passion and exercise characteristics. Gender differences emerged, with females showing a stronger affective connection to exercise and higher withdrawal symptoms. Passion was strongly correlated with REA (r = 0.55) and accounted for 28% of the variance in it. Further research is needed to distinguish between passion-driven exercise and addiction
Neuromuscular Determinants of Reactive Agility in Elite Female Handball Players: The Role of Explosive Strength, Sprint Speed, and Change of Direction Ability
Full text linkThis study aimed to investigate the physical determinants of reactive agility in professional female handball players, a population largely underrepresented in agility research. Specifically, we examined how explosive strength, sprint speed, and change of direction ability contribute to reactive agility performance. Thirteen elite athletes (24.0±6.7 years) completed a Triple Y Reactive Agility Test (3YRAT), a 5 m sprint, a countermovement jump (CMJ), and a pre-planned Y-shaped agility test. Pearson’s correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to examine associations and unique contributions of each physical attribute to reactive agility performance. A significant negative relationship between CMJ height and 3YRAT performance was showed (r=−0.75, p<0.01), indicating that explosive lower-limb power strongly supports rapid deceleration and re-acceleration during unplanned directional changes. A moderate negative correlation (r = −0.40, p=0.22) was observed between 5 m sprint speed and reactive agility, suggesting that higher linear sprint ability may hinder performance in tasks requiring frequent braking and directional control. No significant correlation was observed between 3YRAT and pre-planned agility performance (r=0.09, p=0.81). The regression model explained 86% of the variance in reactive agility, with explosive strength contributing 30.1%, sprint speed (negative predictor) 29.0%, and change of direction ability 8.0%. These findings highlight that reactive agility in elite female handball players is predominantly influenced by explosive strength rather than pure sprint capacity and differs from neuromuscular profiles often reported in male athletes. The results emphasise the need for training approaches that develop eccentric-concentric strength and braking ability to optimise agility performance in female handball players
Uncertainty markers in spoken learner discourse
Full text linkThe paper discusses linguistic forms conveying epistemic stance in L2 spoken production, focusing on expressing uncertainty. The source of stance markers is a subset of the Corpus of Czech Students’ Spoken English, particularly informal student-student discussions on a given topic. The main aim of the corpus analysis is to identify a variety of grammatical devices indicating the speaker’s uncertainty about the truth-value of a proposition and to examine their distributional patterns and positional preferences. Additionally, the paper explores roles of the construction I think, the most frequent stance marker in the discussions analysed. The findings indicate that Czech learners of English tend to employ a restricted set of items recurrently and use I think not only to express uncertainty but also to mitigate potential disagreement and signal turn-taking
