Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Aesthetic-Therapeutic Component of the Harmonious Development of a Personality in Ukrainian and Polish Pedagogy in the Late 19th-20th Century
No full textThe article deals with a retrospective analysis of the content of the aesthetic-therapeutic component of the formation of a creative harmonious personality in Ukrainian and Polish pedagogy in the late nineteenth – twentieth century. It is defined the essence of aesthetic therapy as an integrative humanistic technology of activating the emotional sphere of a personality with the aim of providing psychologically comfortable conditions for creative personal fulfi lment. The problem of individual creative and spiritual development of a child by means of aesthetic therapy is highlighted in the views of prominent national humanist-educators (A. Makarenko, Ya. Korczak, S. Rusova, V. Sukhomlynskyi). It is proven that the most characteristic features of Ukrainian and Polish folk pedagogy are high aestheticization, Christian-spiritual and extreme nature-based content, that are fully consistent with the basic postulates of the aesthetic-therapeutic concept of personality formation
The role of personality and depression in problematic use of social networking sites in Greece
No full textThe purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship of Social Networking Site (SNS) problematic usage with personality characteristics and depressive symptomatology. A sample of 143 young adults in Greece varying from 18 to 34 years of age completed four questionnaires on personality characteristics, depressive symptomatology, problematic SNS usage and socio-demographic factors. Problematic SNS usage is significantly and positively related to depression and Neuroticism, while negatively associated with Agreeableness. However, problematic use of SNS is not related to Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience and Extraversion, although the latter was found to be negatively associated with depression. Collectively, personality variables, depression and daily average usage account for about 33% of the variance in predicting problematic SNS usage. In contrast to previous research findings, age and gender are not found to be related to either problematic SNS usage or depressive symptomatology. However, place of residence is associated with Neuroticism and Problematic Use, with participants from rural areas exhibiting higher scores than participants from urban areas. Finally, Neuroticism and the average daily use of SNS have been proven to be good predictors of problematic SNS usage. Personality, depressive symptomatology and socio-demographic factors relate to the way Social Networking Sites are being used. Implications are discussed
The concept of primary education in the context of curriculum framework revision
No full textCílem předkládaného textu je představit koncepční východisko osobnostně rozvojového pojetí primárního vzdělávání v kontextu probíhající revize Rámcového vzdělávacího programu pro základní vzdělávání. Posláním primárního vzdělávání je od počátku školní docházky poskytnout každému žákovi možnost zažít úspěch v učení, podmínky pro pozitivní přijetí sebe samotného a příležitosti pro partnerskou spolupráci. Od 90. let minulého století probíhá kontinuální proměna pojetí a cílů primárního vzdělávání, která je reflektována především v odborné literatuře, a tak požadavek na kompetenční pojetí nově navrhovaného kurikulárního dokumentu zvýrazňuje potřebu přijetí osobnostně rozvojového pojetí jako východiska nejen pro jeho tvorbu, ale především pro následnou implementaci do každodenní praxe škol. Text představuje navrhované změny v kontextu strategických dokumentů, reflektuje postavení primárního vzdělávání ve vzdělávacím systému a uvádí přínosy a rizika v rámci proměny kurikulárního dokumentu a jeho implementace.The aim of this study is to examine the conceptual framework the personality-development-oriented approach to primary education in the the context of the ongoing curriculum framework revision. The goal of the primary education is to create conditions that enable all pupils to experience success in learning, foster positive self-perception, and engage in collaborative partnerships. Since the 1990s, the concept of primary education have undergone a gradual yet significant transformation, a process extensively documented in academic literature. The increasing emphasis on a competency-based framework in the newly proposed curricular document underscores the necessity of adopting a personality-development-oriented approach as a fundamental paradigm, not only in the document‘s design but also in its practical implementation within everyday school operations. This paper analyzes the proposed changes within the framework of relevant strategic documents, evaluates the position of primary education in the broader educational system, and discusses the potential benefits and challenges associated with the transformation of the curricular document and its practical application
The birth of professional philosophy of first-year students of primary school teacher education programme
No full textStudie nabízí vhled do vynořující se profesní filozofie začínajících studentů v programu Učitelství pro 1. stupeň základní školy realizovaného na Pedagogické fakultě Masarykovy univerzity. V rámci širšího výzkumného projektu zaměřeného na charakteristiky populace začínajících studentů tohoto studijního programu byl analyzován soubor krátkých esejí úplného vzorku studentek a studentů prvního ročníku v akademickém roce 2018/19. Eseje byly zpracovávány v návaznosti na vstupní pedagogickou praxi a odpovídají na obecné otázky Jací jsou dnešní žáci nebo Jací jsou dnešní učitelé. Kombinací postupů tematické analýzy a otevřeného kódování byly identifikovány popisné a reflektivní výroky, které jsou prezentovány prostřednictvím obecnějších tematických celků jako aktéři vzdělávání, dnešní výuka, obraz profese, profesní příprava učitelů, aktualizace profesní filozofie či inkluze.The study provides insight into emerging professional philosophy of beginning students of the Primary school teaching study programme at the Faculty of Education, Masaryk University. As part of a broader research project focused on the characteristics of the population of incoming students in the study programme, a corpus of short essays from the complete sample of first-year students in the academic years 2018/19 and 2019/20 was analysed. The essays were processed in relation to the introductory teaching practice and addressed general questions such as “What are today’s students like?” or “What are today’s teachers like?”. Through a combination of thematic analysis and open coding, descriptive and reflective statements were identified, which are presented through categories such as educational actors, contemporary teaching, the image of the profession, professional education, revising professional philosophy, and inclusion
Application of cooperative learning in teaching foreign languages for professional purposes
Get PDFAbstract: The aim of this research paper was to explore the students’ awareness of cooperative learning methods and their application in higher education institutions (HEI). The introductory part of the paper contains a brief survey of the history of cooperative learning and the explanation of basic concepts. The focus of empirical research was on data collection on the importance and benefits of applying cooperative methods in teaching as well as on the learners’ perception of the differences between traditional instruction and cooperative learning. Two hypotheses were formulated: the first one on the students’ awareness of innovative teaching methods was corroborated; the second one on benefits of cooperative learning methods for students’ future careers was only partially corroborated
Abbreviations as a modern phenomenon in business jargon
Get PDFEnglish language used in a business environment, influenced by the usage of new communication technologies, but also by the growth of economization of language in general, has been changing radically. To establish a sound basis for language courses in Business English, research is needed into the lexical, syntactic and discourse characteristics of the register of English used within contemporary business jargon. The presented analysis aims to understand the abbreviation processes in current business communication to the point that can be given to the students of the Business English course in the most authentic way. Using qualitative corpus analysis, we put shortening processes in a context, i.e. contextualising the features of the abbreviation processes based on fundamental notions of extra-grammatical processes rather than presenting statistical quantitative analyses. The outcome of our research is general features, which determine abbreviatory processes occurring in business correspondence. Finally, we demonstrate specific class activities of Business English course taking into account the real characteristics of abbreviations used in business jargon
AI in Academic Writing of PhD Medical Students: the Institutional Approach and Students´ Attitudes
Get PDFIntegrace umělé inteligence (AI) do vysokoškolského vzdělávání významně ovlivňuje metodiku výuky a učení, zejména v lékařském vzdělávání doktorandů. Tento příspěvek se zabývá významem umělé inteligence při zlepšování akademického psaní a jazykových dovedností se zvláštním zaměřením na české vysoké školy. Teoretická část studie uvádí analýzu přístupů českých vysokých škol k zavádění technologií AI do vysokoškolského vzdělávání a hodnotí výhody i nevýhody implementace AI v akademickém prostředí. Praktická část výzkumu se skládá z kvantitativní a kvalitativní analýzy. Kvantitativní část se zaměřuje na sběr dat o akademickém vybavení studentů a jejich zkušenostech s digitálními zdroji, zatímco kvalitativní část zkoumá postoje studentů k využívání AI, zejména ve vztahu ke spolehlivosti, důvěře a etice. Cílem této práce je poskytnout komplexní porozumění roli, kterou AI hraje ve výuce jazyků a akademickém psaní doktorandů medicíny, a zároveň se zabývat širšími důsledky zavádění AI ve vysokoškolském vzdělávání.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has significantly impacted teaching and learning methodologies, particularly in medical education for doctoral students. This paper explores the role of AI in enhancing academic writing and language skills, with a specific focus on Czech universities. The theoretical section of the study provides an analysis of Czech universities' approaches to adopting AI technologies in higher education, assessing both the advantages and disadvantages of AI implementation in academic settings. The practical part of the research consists of both quantitative and qualitative analyses. The quantitative component focuses on gathering data on students' academic backgrounds and experience with digital tools, while the qualitative section explores students' attitudes toward AI usage, particularly in relation to reliability, trust, and ethics. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role AI plays in language instruction and academic writing for PhD medical students, while also addressing the broader implications of AI adoption in higher education
Ukrainian Pupils in Czech Schools and History Lessons – A Current Challenge for Our Education System Survey Results
Get PDFThe study presents selected results from a survey focused on the teaching of history to Ukrainian students (who arrived in the Czech Republic due to the conflict following February 24, 2022) in Czech schools. It analyses which history topics are challenging for Ukrainian students considering the current international situation, whether teachers need to moderate or adjust certain history lessons with Ukrainian students in mind, and whether teachers encounter instances of Ukrainian students disputing their presentation of historical topics. The analysis also examines the support provided to history teachers in teaching these students. Additionally, it outlines other types of difficulties teachers face when integrating Ukrainian students in subjects beyond history. The findings are contextualized within another research
