Masaryk University Journals / Časopisy Masarykovy univerzity
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Writing, constraint, configurations of response
No full textThe relationship between writing and constraint has been central throughout the history of literature. Constraint not only shapes artistic expression but also plays a pivotal role in the creation, reinterpretation, and renewal of genres, forms, tropes, and practices. In modern literature, this dynamic even extends to negotiating the very opposite of expression: silence. This paper seeks to map out the various ways in which writers respond to the condition of writing under constraint, with particular focus on the context of totalitarianism, where the extremes of control and censorship impose unique challenges on literary creation. By examining how constraint influences both form and content, the paper aims to provide insights into the complex interplay between political oppression and artistic resistance, revealing how literature can both reflect and resist the forces that seek to limit its freedom
Totalitarianism in times of Austerity : dystopian representations of power in contemporary Greek novels
No full textIn my paper, I discuss the Greek literary responses to the phenomenon of the economic crisis that erupted in 2008. Dystopian narratives appear to be a popular narrative framework for authors dealing with the economic crisis during the decade of 2010. The purpose of this article is to examine contemporary Greek literary texts that represent societies under economic crisis and were written after the recent recession. Greek authors often used dystopian narratives to depict the relationship between economic politics followed by the European Union, the world system and authoritarianism. These literary works reflect the authors' experiences of the concurrent political and economic reality, serving both as literary responses to the economic system as well as critique to such systems. In addition, the literary texts under examination raise concerns regarding the growing power of economic institutions and their interaction with political power. Greek authors oft en construct claustrophobic narrative structures, to explore themes such as the erosion of individuality, pervasive state surveillance and escalating oppression. In that sense, I explore literary representations of "Economy", "Power", "Europe" and "Work" in times of austerity, discussing them in the wider context of dystopian fiction and the theory of totalitarianism
Fluidity of museality : experimenting in the museum practice
No full textTento článek nahlíží na vývoj konceptu muzeality prostřednictvím případové studie projektu Heritage (in a) Supermarket, který zkoumá proměnlivou povahu muzejních objektů v interpretačních rámcích a zpochybňuje tradiční role muzea zavedením participativních a performativních prvků. Prostřednictvím dvojího narativu a přístupu inspirovaného trhem experiment nastoluje otázky týkající se vztahu mezi profesionálním a intuitivním přístupem ke kulturnímu dědictví, komodifikace kulturního dědictví, mezigeneračních konfliktů souvisejících s kulturním dědictvím a role muzeí v současné společnosti. Tato studie řadí projekt do sféry širších teoretických diskusí o muzeologii, participativních zkušenostech a proměně objektů v muzejní artefakty a naopak. Klade si také za cíl poukázat na nedoceněný a opomíjený pojem muzealita jako jeden z hlavních konceptů muzeologie jako vědy a reinterpretovat jej v kontextu metamoderního přístupu.This paper explores the evolving concept of museality through the case study of the project Heritage (in a) Supermarket which, on the other hand, examines the fluid nature of museum objects within interpretative frameworks, challenging traditional museum roles by introducing participatory and performative elements. Through a dual-character narrative and a marketplace-inspired approach, the experiment raises questions about the relation between the professional and the intuitive approach to heritage, heritage commodification, intergenerational conflicts related to heritage, and the role of museums in contemporary society. This study situates the project within broader theoretical discussions on museology, participatory experiences, and the transformation of objects into museum artifacts and viceversa. It also aims to refer to the underappreciated and neglected term of museality as one of the main concepts of museology as a science and reinterpret it in the context of a metamodern approach
On the editorial achievements of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm : some texts of the 'Kinder- und Hausmärchen' (1812-1857) are closer to conceptual orality than is currently assumed
No full textThe 'Kinder- und Hausmärchen' (KHM), published by Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm in several editions between 1812 and 1857, suggest a high degree of orality: in the course of their editorial work, texts of literary provenance increasingly incorporated features of the vernacular. The Brothers Grimm – inspired by the conceptual orality of some text sources – orientated themselves towards stylistic features of spoken language from the very beginning of their writing. In contrast, the fairy tale texts, which are based on oral sources, contain oral markers that were adopted from the first edition of 1812 and retained unchanged until the last edition of 1857. So far, Grimm research has failed to focus specifically on the continuities of the texts between 1812 and 1857
De (on)zichtbaarheid van de vertaler
No full textIn recent decades, the translator has generally been an invisible figure, whose name could usually be found only in the colophon of a book. In many cases, it has remained an unwritten rule that the translator should stay invisible, as a figure working behind the scenes whose task is to transfer the text into another language. The translator's role has been to translate the text from the source language into the target language as faithfully as possible, and then to disappear. Yet the reality is more complex. The translator's identity, expertise, and financial situation are receiving increasing attention today. What is the current position of the literary translator within the field? And more specifically, what is the position of a literary translator working from Dutch? This article examines the position, tasks, and roles that translators assume today compared to historical situation, as well as their changing (in)visibility. We also explore the opportunities and projects available to translators and to trainee translators whose source language is Dutch
Una aproximación a la Querella de las mujeres desde los paratextos del Tratado en defensa de las virtuosas mujeres de Diego de Valera
No full textThe foundations of Women's History as a discipline are rooted in a willingness to give the female gender, one that has been ostracized by the historiographical tradition, a voice. This marginal role held by women bears a certain resemblance to the peripheral position that paratexts are confined to in literary texts. Likewise, this position is as secondary as the attention paratexts receive in studies on the Querelle des Femmes, since there are few academic approaches to this Middle Ages-born philogynist movement from a purely paratextual standpoint. This paper, based on Diego de Valera's Tratado en defensa de las virtuosas mujeres (ca. 1444), analyses the complexities of establishing precise limits between texts and paratexts and, simultaneously, explores the possibility of an autonomous reading of the biographical glosses included in the treatise without sacrificing the pro-feminine nature of the text.Los cimientos de la historia de las mujeres como disciplina se sustentan en una voluntad de dar voz al género femenino, condenado al ostracismo por la tradición historiográfica. Este estatus marginal ostentado por ellas guarda cierto parecido con la posición periférica de los paratextos en el hecho literario, que, a su vez, es tan secundaria como el lugar que le conceden los estudios en torno a la querella de las mujeres: pocos son los acercamientos académicos a este movimiento filógino de raíces medievales desde una óptica exclusivamente paratextual. A partir del Tratado en defensa de las virtuosas mujeres (hacia 1444) de Diego de Valera, este artículo analiza la dificultad de trazar fronteras precisas entre texto y paratexto y, al mismo tiempo, plantea la posibilidad de llevar a cabo una lectura autónoma de las glosas biográficas incluidas en la obra sin que ello implique sacrificar el sentido profemenino del tratado
Le voci maschili della Querelle des femmes : Cristoforo Bronzini e Francesco Agostino della Chiesa
No full textQuerelle des Femmes occupied much of the literary debate between Humanism and the Renaissance and for the centuries to follow. The undisputed protagonists of this dispute between the sexes are female writers and poets who have followed one another to defend female virtues and accuse the misogynistic texts that for centuries have discredited female nature. The voices of authors such as Lucrezia Marinella, Moderata Fonte and Arcangela Tarabotti have been joined by the signatures of many writers who have contributed to the defense of the women's cause. Figures such as Cristoforo Bronzini d'Ancona and Francesco Agostino della Chiesa have enriched the literary debate by proposing new and old models of illustrious women, through the writing of Dialogues and Catalogues. The objective of this contribution is the comparative analysis of the female figures present in the Dialogue of the Della Dignità e della nobiltà delle donne (1624) by Cristoforo Bronzini d'Ancona and in the Theatro delle donne literate (1620) by Francesco Agostino della Chiesa.La Querelle des Femmes ha occupato gran parte del dibattito letterario tra Umanesimo e Rinascimento e per i secoli a seguire. Protagoniste indiscusse di questa disputa tra i sessi sono scrittrici e poetesse che si sono susseguite per difendere le virtù femminili ed accusare i testi misogini che per secoli hanno screditato la natura femminile. Alle voci di autrici come Lucrezia Marinella, Moderata Fonte e Arcangela Tarabotti si sono aggiunte le firme di molti scrittori che hanno contribuito alla difesa della causa femminile. Personaggi come Cristoforo Bronzini d'Ancona e Francesco Agostino della Chiesa hanno arricchito il dibattito letterario proponendo nuovi e vecchi modelli di donne illustri, attraverso la stesura di Dialoghi e Cataloghi. Il presente contributo ha come obiettivo l'analisi comparata delle figure femminili presenti nel Dialogo Della Dignità, Nobiltà ed Eccellenza delle donne (1624) di Cristoforo Bronzini d'Ancona e nel Theatro delle donne letterate (1620) di Francesco Agostino della Chiesa
Výskum kostola v Hontianskych Nemciach
No full textArchaeological research conducted inside the church in 2011 and its results showed that V. Mencl's interpretation and view of the architectural development of the church were incorrect, at least in the final part, where he defines it as the last three-nave Romanesque basilica in Slovakia. The medieval church was single-naved, and its division into the three naves we can see today probably took place at the end of the 17th century, as confirmed by the text on a stone tablet above the entrance door from 1702. V. Mencl also mentions extensive construction work on the church during the renaissance period. This fact was confirmed by the presence of renaissance paving (underneath baroque paving) and the existence of frescoes on the wall between the presbytery and the nave. During research outside the church in 2011, part of the walls was uncovered, probably related to the fortification of the church. In 2016, another test pit revealed the connection between the foundation walls of the tower and the adjacent side aisles.Archeologický výskum v interiéri kostola v Hontianskych Nemciach v roku 2011 a jeho výsledky priniesli poznatky o nesprávnej interpretácii V. Mencla a jeho pohľade na architektonický vývoj kostola, aspoň v tej záverečnej časti, kde ho hodnotí ako poslednú trojloďovú románsku baziliku na Slovensku. Stredoveký kostol bol jednoloďový, k jeho rozdeleniu na tri dnešné lode prišlo pravdepodobne až koncom 17. storočia, ktoré potvrdil text na kamennej tabuli nad vstupnými dverami do kostola z roku 1702. Aj V. Mencl spomína rozsiahle stavebné práce na kostole v renesančnom období. Tento fakt potvrdila prítomnosť renesančnej dlažby a existencia fresiek na dnešnej povale pri rozhraní presbytéria a lode kostola. Počas výskumu v exteriéri kostola bola roku 2011 odkrytá časť muriva súvisiace pravdepodobne s opevnením kostola. V roku 2016 potom ďalšia sonda preukázala previazanie základového muriva veže a priľahlé bočné lode
Analysis and interpretation of fabrics and footwear from grave no. 10/85 on the Dómské návrší hill, Olomouc
No full textČlánek se věnuje analýzám fragmentů textilu a obuvi, které vyzvedl V. Dohnal z hrobu č. 10/85 během systematického archeologického výzkumu Dómského návrší v Olomouci. V roce 1985 proběhla sondáž u jižní stěny ambitu kostela sv. Václava. Zde se podařilo prozkoumat deset kostrových hrobů v superpozicích zpravidla bez hrobové výbavy. Výjimečný je v tomto ohledu hrob č. 10/85, který kromě lidských ostatků obsahoval několik desítek kusů textilií. Na základě analýzy byly fragmenty textilu datovány do doby okolo poloviny či druhé třetiny 15. století. Podle rozboru jde především o hedvábné tkaniny pocházející z Itálie či Španělska. Interpretace původní funkce nálezů dokládá, že v hrobě byl zřejmě pohřben církevní hodnostář. Údajně z hrobu rovněž pocházejí dva páry obuvi, rámcově datovatelné do přelomu 16. a 17. století, jde však zřejmě o intruzi.This article is devoted to the analysis of fragments of fabrics and footwear gathered by V. Dohnal from grave no. 10/85 during systematic archaeological research into the Dómské návrší hill in Olomouc. In 1985, probing was carried out at the south wall of the Church of St. Wenceslas. Ten skeletal graves in superpositions, mostly without grave goods, were investigated. Exceptional in this respect was grave no. 10/85 which contained several dozen pieces of fabrics in addition to human remains. On the basis of analysis, the fabrics fragments were dated to around the middle or second third of the 15th century. According to the analysis, these are mainly silk fabrics originating from Italy and Spain. Interpretation of the original function of the finds shows that a church dignitary was probably buried in the grave. Two pairs of shoes, preliminarily dated to the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries, allegedly come from the same grave, yet they are probably intrusive
Neskorostredoveký dom z Rumanovej : predbežné výsledky so zreteľom na analýzu mazanice
No full textThe purpose of the paper is to present preliminary results of the analysis of the mud from the research of the late medieval extinct village of Tomanová from the first half of the 15th century. The extinct village was discovered during an aerial survey and the object under investigation – a basement medieval house – was selected and identified based on geophysical measurements. During its research, a massive layer of mud was detected. It was also taken from an object located in the immediate vicinity of the house. Based on the mud from these objects, we will try to point out the informative value of the mud and the possibilities of its research. We will try to identify various structural and building techniques in the construction of a medieval house and an outbuilding. The analysis of selected mud and clay fragments is also subjected to initial archaeobotanical analysis, which will provide us with information about the building material and cultivated crops.Zámerom príspevku je prezentovať predbežné výsledky analýzy mazanice z výskumu neskorostredovekej zaniknutej dediny Tomanová z prvej polovice 15. storočia. Zaniknutá dedina bola objavená počas leteckej prospekcie a skúmaný objekt – podpivničený stredoveký dom bol identifikovaný na základe geofyzikálneho merania. Pri jeho výskume bola zachytená mohutná vrstva mazanice. Tú sa podarilo odobrať z domu, ako aj z objektu, ktorý sa nachádzal v bezprostrednej blízkosti domu. Na základe mazanice z týchto objektov sa pokúsime poukázať na výpovednú hodnotu mazanice a na možnosti jej skúmania. Pokúsime sa identifikovať rôzne konštrukčné a stavebné techniky pri výstavbe stredoveké domu a hospodárskej stavby. Analýza vybraných fragmentov mazanice a hliny je podrobená aj prvotnej archeobotanickej analýze, ktorá nám poskytne informácie o stavebnej hmote a pestovaných plodinách