International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research (IJIASR) / Uluslararası Fen Bilimlerinde Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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The Effects of Edible Coating, Echinacea Tea and Hawthorn Tea on Certain Microbial and Other Quality Parameters of Refrigerated Chicken Meat
Get PDFThe purpose of the current study is to evaluate the effect of edible fruit and vegetable coatings, the echinacea and the hawthorn tea solutions, solely or in combination of increasing the shelf-life of chicken meat by the inhibition of the microbial flora at the refrigeration temperature (%2B4˚C), without disrupting certain chemical and physical properties. Eight different combinations of treatment groups were formed as follows%253A (E)%253A echinacea tea, (E%2BM)%253A echinacea tea-hawthorn tea combination, (E%2BS)%253A Semperfreshreg%253B-echinacea tea combination, (E%2BM%2BS)%253A Semperfreshreg%253B -echinacea tea-hawthorn tea combination, (M)%253A hawthorn tea, (M%2BS)%253A Semperfreshreg%253B-hawthorn tea combination%253B (S)%253A the edible coating (Semperfreshreg%253B), including the control. The total mesophilic aerobic bacteria(TMAB), yeast-mold, Salmonella spp., E. coli and Staphylococcus species were determined. The pH, firmness, weight and total sugar content were analyzed. It was found that the sole hawthorn tea and triple combination of Echinacea tea-hawthorn tea-edible coating SemperfreshTM(E%2BH%2BS) showed significant inhibitory effects on the mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB), Staphylococci, Salmonella and Escherichia coli. Except for the Echinacea treatment group, the overall evaluation of taste panel showed a likeness of the remaining applications(ple%253B0.05). On the other hand, no significant effect was observed (pgt%253B0.05) on the pH, the firmness, the total sugar content and the weight of chicken meat among the groups. Different combinations, especially the triple combination was found to be successful on chicken thighs, due to the microbiological, chemical and physical findings. It can be inferred from the study that echinacea, hawthorn, and SemperfreshTM show a synergetic effec
Determination of Nursery Plant Development of New Mandarin Varieties Grafted on Carrizo Citrange Rootstock
Get PDFOriginating in southeast Asia, citrus currently have a large geographical distribution around the world. Sourced in tropical and semitropical regions, cultivation of citrus for the table is mainly focused in subtropical regions. The study aimed to fully determine the compatibility status for the Carrizo citrange with new mandarin varieties and the rootstock-scion relationships. As rootstock Carrizo citrange (Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus sinensis) was used with Dart, Mandalate, Mihowase, Tango and W. Murcott mandarin used as varieties. Grafting was completed on 10 April 2016 with T bud grafting and the graft band was opened 1 month after grafting with rootstock diameter (mm), scion diameter (mm) and shoot length (cm) measured one time per month and the differences between varieties in terms of these characteristics were revealed. The highest rootstock diameter measurement was in the Dart variety, with highest scion diameter value in the Mihowase variety. When seedling development is evaluated, sapling crown height of 60-65 cm was first reached by the Tango variety at the end of October, followed by W. Murcott, Mihowase, Mandalate and Dart varieties
Antibiotic and Disinfectant Susceptibility Patterns of Airborne Bacteria Isolated from Restaurants in Nigeria
Get PDFAntibiotics resistant airborne bacteria in restaurants have considerable effect on not only the life of food handlers, but also the quality and stability of food products. This study was carried out with the objectives of identifying the type of airborne bacteria associated with the restaurants and their susceptibility patterns to commonly used antibiotics and disinfectants. Using depositional sampling technique, air samples were collected from restaurant kitchens and dining rooms and cultured aerobically. Bacterial isolates were identified based on biochemical tests and selective%252Fdifferential plating. Among the ten (10) bacterial species isolated and identified, Staphylococcus aureus 7 (19%25), Micrococcus spp. 6 (17%25), Staphylococcus spp. 5 (14%25), and Bacillus subtilis 4 (11%25) were predominant. A total of fourteen antibiotics were used in this study%253A Amoxicillin %2B clavulanic acid (AU) (25), gentamycin (CN) (10mu%253Bg), pefloxacin (PEF) (10mu%253Bg), ofloxacin (OFX) (30mu%253Bg), streptomycin (S) (30mu%253Bg), chloramphenicol (CH) (30mu%253Bg), co-trimoxazole. (SXT) (30mu%253Bg), fluoroquinolone (SP) (10mu%253Bg), ciprofloxacin (CPX) ((10mu%253Bg)), amoxicillin (AM) (30mu%253Bg), ampiclox (APX) (30mu%253Bg), erythromycin (E) (19mu%253Bg), ceftriaxone (CTR) (30mu%253Bg) and cefuroxime (Z) (20mu%253Bg). Antimicrobial susceptibility test results revealed that S. aureus had susceptibility of 6 (85.7%25) each to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin but resistant to amoxicillin, ampiclox and cefuroxime while Pseudomonas aeruginosa had susceptibility of 3 (100%25) each to amoxicillin %2B clavulanic acid and gentamycin but resistant to fluoroquinolone and co-trimoxazole. Susceptibility to Jik and Dettol was appreciable%253B they were bacteriostatic at 25-100%25 concentrations (Minimum Inhibition Concentrations (MIC) and bactericidal (Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) at mostly 100%25 concentration. lsquo%253BMama Lemon was bacteriostatic to only two isolates at 50 and 100%25 concentrations but not bactericidal. Enterobacter sp. was susceptible to neither the antibiotics nor the disinfectants. All the three disinfectants showed no efficacy at concentrations lower than 25%25. The presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria which are not susceptible to antibiotics and disinfectants in the air of restaurants constitutes a serious health hazard not only to the restaurant workers and their customers, but also the general public
Relationship Between Chemical Composition and User Perception on Wood-Charcoal Species Preference in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria
Get PDFUrban least well-off and poor households in Bauchi Metropolis face challenge of accessing affordable, reliable and sustainable cooking and heating fuel supplies. As such, the urban least well-off and poor have leveraged their energy demands on use of wood-charcoals, which produced and utilise through mostly informal supply and demand chains that are associated to low efficiency in production methods and ineffective household utilisation factors that contribute to environmental and health dilapidation. This study sought to establish the relationship between physico-chemical characteristics of wood-charcoals commonly produced and utilised and users perception on charcoal species preference in Bauchi Metropolis. A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the wood-charcoals. This was done prior to the field survey on perception preference to users to collaborate their views or otherwise on the burning and fuelling characteristics of the examined wood-charcoal species. A survey was undertaken using questionnaires to assess the users perception preference on the commonly used wood-charcoal species in terms of their solidity, ease of ignition, heat output intensity, rate of devolatilisation, burning time, ash generation and smoke. Of all the wood-charcoal species examined, Ficus platyphylla (Ganji) and Anogeissus leiocarpus (Marke) had low moisture contents (4.17, 4.60%25, respectively), high calorific value (33.58, 30.09 Mj%252Fkg, respectively) and low ash content (5.35, 6.51%25, respectively) together with their glassy index evident by high aluminium, potassium, and silicon contents, indicating that these charcoal species have high-quality combustion and fuel outputs compared to other charcoal species with least combustion and fuel characteristics. Despite these qualities, these species cant provide cleaner energy that could cut pollutant emissions, and at the same time bring huge environmental quality and health benefits, yet users perceptibly give preference to these charcoal species based on their combustion and fuelling performance impression
Effects of Salinomycin and Everolimus on Breast Cancer Stem Cells in Hypoxia
Get PDFCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a collection of small numbers of cells that have the potential to induce all cell types within the tumor mass and have self-renewal capacity. Today, the reasons for the failure of conventional cancer therapies lie in the fact that they are unable to target cancer stem cells. Targeting the cancer stem cell is thought to provide a very important and revolutionary advance in cancer cell targeting and therapy
Tumor hypoxia is a characteristic of solid tumors and has been associated with poor prognosis and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. HIF-1 (Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1) is the major transcription factor activated in hypoxic conditions and allows transcriptional activation of various genes that are effective for the adaptation of the cell to the hypoxic condition. Experimental studies have provided evidence that also hypoxia and HIF-1alpha%253B promote the cancer stem cell phenotype and targeting of HIF-1alpha%253B may reduce or eliminate cancer stem cells.
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women worldwide and affects 10%25 of the world%252339%253Bs female population. 25%25 to 30%25 of patients with invasive breast cancer still die from this disease. The recurrence frequency of the disease varies between 60%25 and 80%25 within the first 3 years after treatment. In order to target breast cancer stem cells more effectively, in this study we aimed to reveal whether the hypoxic conditions in the tumor, which act as the stem cell production area, at the same time creates resistance to therapy. Thus, we evaluated effect of CSCs targeting agent Salinomycin alone or in combination with Everolimus which is an m-TOR and HIF-1alpha%253B inhibitor on parental MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cells and their isolated CSCs in hypoxic conditions.
Here it is presented that starting with 2 mM, increased concentrations of salinomycin significantly inhibits proliferation and induce apoptosis in hypoxia, in both parental MCF-7 and MDA-231 breast cancer cells and in their isolated CSCs. The most effective concentration of salinomycin was 10 mM and induced around 35%25 and 45%25 of apoptosis in both parental MCF-7 and MDA-231 and their isolated CSCs, respectively. Whereas everolimus alone was not as effective as salinomycin, as 25 mM everolimus induced 30%25 and 15%25 of growth inhibition or apoptosis in both parental and CSCs of MCF-7 and MDA-231 cellsin hypoxia, respectively. When lower concentrations of salinomycin (2mM) and everolimus (5mM) was used in combination they show synergistic effect and able to inhibit proliferation at least 35%25 and 45%25 in both parental and CSCs of MCF-7 and MDA-231 cells in hypoxia, respectively. Similar results were also obtained for induction of apoptosis in response to salinomycin %2B everolimus treatment in hypoxia in both parental and CSCs of MCF-7 and MDA-231 cells. Hence using lower concentrations of salinomycin and everolimus together may provide an effective targeting strategy for hypoxic CSCs and may contribute to the development of novel strategies for therapeutic intervention in breast cancer
Potential Solutions to Combat the Antibiotic and Pesticide Problem in Honey
Get PDFThe presence of pesticides and antibiotics are regarded as a great problem in honey since honey should be one of the purest food in the world. This is mostly due to the uncontrollable and intensive use of pesticides in agriculture and preference of antibiotics in apiculture for getting rid of bacterial infections. This review emphasizes the importance of these substances as well as the health-related problems in honey and proposing different novel food processing techniques to combat this problem without disrupting the physicochemical properties of honey. Among these novel technologies, cold plasma, ultrasonication, and high hydrostatic pressure are either reported or recommended to fight against unwanted organisms causing quality loss in honey. Therefore using these technologies were reported to be environmentally friendly, as since they are included in non-thermal methods, avoiding temperature abuse and they are cost-independent. Cold plasma technology is a recommended method to get rid of not only viable bacteria but also it is found to be effective against spores
Volatile Constituents of Different Apricot Varieties in Cool Subtropical Climate Conditions
Get PDFApricot fruits with rich aromatic profiles are appreciated by consumers for their flavor, sweetness and juiciness%253B these characteristics are strongly related to the variety and ripening stage at harvest. Volatiles directly affect the sensorial quality and consumer acceptance of fresh fruits. The type and concentration of volatile compounds show great variability in apricots in cool subtropical conditions of Turkey. Aroma is a complex trait, determined by genetics and variety characteristics, followed by climatological conditions, ripening stage and cultural influences%253B it is further affected by harvest, post-harvest treatments, storage and processing conditions factors. In this experiment aroma potentials of apricot varieties were evaluated. Twelve apricot varieties including lsquo%253BCanino, lsquo%253BEthembey, lsquo%253BFracosso, lsquo%253BHarcot, lsquo%253BMacar, lsquo%253BMonobella, lsquo%253BNebeb, lsquo%253BRakowsky, lsquo%253BRoxana, lsquo%253BSakit-2, lsquo%253BSoganci and lsquo%253BTokaloglu were investigated for their volatile compositions by using diethyl ether solvent for liquid-liquid extractions. The identification of volatile constituents was performed by Gas Chromatography %252F Mass Spectrometer (GC%252FMS) instrument. The major volatile constituents of the varieties were acetaldehyde, hexanal, benzaldehyde, ethanol, 1-hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, linalool, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, (E)-beta%253B-ionone and gamma%253B-decalactone, limonene. The concentrations of the volatiles were significantly changed among the varieties. A total of 95 volatile compounds%253B C6 compounds, aldehydes, acetates, alcohols, esters, ketones, lactones, terpenoids and acids were found in the twelve cultivars. There were 52 compounds identified in lsquo%253BCanino, 53 in lsquo%253BEthembey, 51 in lsquo%253BFracosso, 59 in lsquo%253BHarcot, 56 in lsquo%253BMacar, 63 in lsquo%253BMonobella, 63 in lsquo%253BNebeb, 62 in lsquo%253BRakowsky, 64 in lsquo%253BRoxana, 60 in lsquo%253BSakıt-2, 68 in lsquo%253BSoganci and 69 in lsquo%253BTokaloglu
Impaired Dynamic Thiol%252Fdisulfide Homeostasis and Pro-inflammatory Parameters in Hand Osteoarthritis
Get PDFBackground%253A Reactive oxygen species have a role in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis.
The main objective of this study was to determine other oxidant%252Fantioxidant substances and inflammatory markers in hand osteoarthritis patients.
Methods%253A Thirty healthy controls and 50 patients with hand osteoarthritis (HOA) were included in the study. All patients were questioned about age, sex, history of the symptoms, presence of sensitive and swollen joints, smoking habits, other systemic diseases and medications. Serum thiol-disulfide homeostasis tests (TDHT), catalase (CAT), ceruloplasmin (Cp), arylesterase (ARES), paraoxonase (PON), stimulated paraoxonase (SPON), total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), routine biochemistry tests and inflammatory markers%253A Interleukin-1b (IL-1b), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were measured.
Results%253A MPO, TDHT, MDA, MPO and inflammatory markers (IL-6, CRP and ESR) were significantly different in HOA patients from those in control group (p%253D0.005%253B p%253D0.001%253B p%253D0.014%253B p%253D0.005%253B p%253D0.012%253B p%253D0.003 and plt%253B0.001, respectively).
Conclusion%253A Our results support that oxidative stress increases in HOA and with the severity of the disease, suggesting that oxidative stress might be involved in pathogenesis of HOA
Effect of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae against Mosquitos (Aedes aegypti) in vitro conditions
Get PDFEntomopathogenic fungi are promising new biological tool for the control of pests and pose no risk to man and non-targeted organisms. Isolation and identification of native entomopathogenic fungi in a field is necessary for the successful control of pest in a particular region.
Experiment was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi from different soil and their efficacy in the control of mosquitos. Using rain beetle, the fungi were isolated by insect baiting method using PDA. Morphological identification of the isolated fungi showed Metarhizium anisopliae. The result of the study showed a variation in the occurrence of the Metarhizium anisopliae at the three locations. The pathogenicity of the isolated fungi was tested on Aedes eagyptii larvae in three different concentrations (1.8.103, 3.6.103 and 4.5.103 conidia%252Fml). The result showed a progressive increased in larval mortality with an increased number of days. The mortality varied from 4 to 100%25. Rapid larval mortality was observed two days after spraying, mortality was highest and relatively uniform at higher concentration. No mortality was observed in the control treatments. The test showed LC50 value of 14.5.103, 12.9.103, 1.4.103, 0.4.103, 0.4.103 and 0.1.103 conidia%252Fml after exposure for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 days respectively.
The outcome of this research showed variation in the diversity of entomopathogenic fungi in different soil location. Metarhizium anisopliae look promising in the control of the Aedes eagyptii mosquito larvae and should be tested in the field, or this could be the starting point for a genetic experiment
Doğal Öldürücü (Natural Killer%253A NK) Hücreler ve Kanser İmmunoterapisi
No full textDoğal öldürücü hücreler (Natural Killer%253A NK) birçok aktivatör ve inhibitör reseptörlere sahip olan CD3- CD56%2B lenfositlerdir. NK hücrelerinin kanser tedavisine yönelik olarak otolog ve allojenik kullanımları söz konusudur. Bunun yanı sıra ticari olarak elde edilen NK hücreleri ve bazı kaynaklardan (kordon kanı ve kemik iliği hematopoietik kök hücreleri, embriyonik ve indüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücreler (IPS)) farklılaştırılarak elde edilen NK hücreleri de kanser tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. NK hücre bazlı immünoterapinin, kanser tedavisine yönelik etkin bir tedavi yaklaşımı oluşturabileceği yapılan çalışmalar ile desteklenmektedir. Derlemede pankreas, over, prostat, akciğer, kolon ve meme kanserleri yanısıra glioma ile ilgili NK hücre bazlı immünoterapi çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir