International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research (IJIASR) / Uluslararası Fen Bilimlerinde Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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CRISPR-Of-Things%253A Applications and Challenges of the Most Popular Gene Editing Tool in the Fields of Health, Agriculture and Environment
Get PDFAlmost all cells of any living organism contain DNA, a hereditary molecule that passes from generation to generation during reproduction. The term quot%253Bgenomequot%253B generally refers to the total DNA sequences in an organism. The genome consists of DNA sequences called gene, which plays a role in the basic biological processes involved in many phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, such as performing cellular functions, controlling numbers and species, regulating energy production, metabolism, and combating diseases.
Gene editing is the process of pre-designing and modifying a particular DNA sequence in a targeted gene. The most widely used technique is CRISPR-Cas technology. For this purpose, the DNA helix is cut at a certain point, to form a double-strand break (DSB), and naturally existing cellular repair mechanisms repair the DSB. Modes of the repair mechanisms may affect the gene function. When DSB is formed, gene editing techniques can be applied to remove, insert, or replace a newly modified sequence using a synthetic donor template DNA.
In developed and developing countries, CRISPR-Cas studies in addition to research and development studies are rapidly increasing. In addition to increasing population, changing weather conditions, declining farmland, increasing biotic and abiotic stresses are other important barriers to agricultural production, food, and feed supply. In this report, CRISPR-Cas applications are introduced in detail from the studies that carried out gene modifications in the fields of health, animals, plants, microorganisms, and food supply. Besides, these technologies and applications have been examined in terms of world biosafety legislation and the scientific risk assessment of the products developed using the CRISPR-Cas technique
Investigation of the Synthesis and Biological Activity of A New Imine Compound Containing Ferrocene and Benzothiazol
Get PDFIn this study, a new Schiff base containing ferrocene and benzothiazol was synthesized from the reaction of ferrocene-2-carboxialdehyde and 6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazole-2-amine. The structure of the synthesized original imine compound 2-((6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl) ferrocene was illuminated by UV-VIS, FTIR, MS and NMR spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the compound was determined by the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) method against various bacterial and yeast cultures, and the antioxidant activity was determined by the free radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl (DPPH). DNA cleavage activity of Schiff base was investigated hydrolytically and oxidatively by agarose gel electrophoresis method, and binding to DNA was investigated by UV-Visible field spectroscopy method. It was found that the studied ferrocene and benzothiazole imine compound had more effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) bacteria. The compound was found to exhibit good antioxidant activity compared to the standardized butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). Agarose gel electrophoresis studies showed that the compound cleaved DNA without any external agent, and UV-Vis spectroscopy studies showed that it interacted electrostatically with CT-DNA
The Role of Thermostable Xylanase Enzymes in Bread Making
Get PDFBread, which is an intensively consumed food product should be optimized to minimize the bread staling and therefore waste. Xylanases, a group of enzymes are able to get rid of bread staling and it can be widely isolated from a group of fungi, bacteria or yeast. This review focuses on the main characteristics, producers and the recent textural assistance of xylanases in bakery industry
Psidium Guajava Seed Protein Hydrolysates Exhibit Invitro Antioxidant and Inhibitory activity against alpha%253B- Amylase and alpha%253B-Glucosidase
No full textExposure of certain amino acids in some plant peptides makes them biologically active and can be used as remedy for various diseases including diabetes. This investigation has examined the invitro alpha%253B-amylase inhibitory properties and the antioxidant activities of Psidium guajava (guava) seed protein hydrolysate. Proteins from guava seed were isolated by precipitation using acid and then broken down by pepsin and trypsin. The degree of hydrolysis by trypsin (42.32plusmn%253B0.44%25) was significantly higher than pepsin hydrolysis (31.85plusmn%253B0.32%25). Tryptic hydrolysate showed the highest alpha%253B-amylase inhibition (64.06plusmn%253B0.19%25) than peptic hydrolysate inhibition (58.19plusmn%253B0.01%25) but lower than acarbose used as standard (72.53plusmn%253B0.04%25). All the hydrolysates show inhibitory activity as their concentration increases. The antioxidant study revealed that the hydrolysates have DPPH and H2O2 prowling activities with ferric reducing antioxidant property and none of the hydrolysates have higher antioxidant activity than the standard (Ascorbic acid). The outcomes therefore indicate the bioactivities of guava seed protein hydrolysates may make it a beneficial anti-diabetic agents
Bioactive Phytochemical Compounds between Gut Microbiota, Cancer and Physiological Dysfunction
Get PDFGut microbiota mainly dominated by bacteria attribute to the divisions Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, plays an important role in host physiology and influences several relevant functions. Bacteria diversity in gut microbiota driven by dietary factors and influences metabolic and immune functions of the hosts physiology. Imbalance in the gut microbiota, named dysbiosis, can lead to the development of various diseases, such as cancer and even psychological dysfunction. Therefore, Gut microbiota is an appropriate target for nutritional interventions to improve health. These facts motivate us to highlight on the influence of phytochemicals on gut microbiota and look for an alternative treatment of inflammatory diseases by using nutritional supplements. Among dietaries phytochemicals elements we found several chemical compounds such as polyphenols and their derivatives, carotenoids, and thiosulfates. Polyphenols as the largest group can gather four main groups%253A flavonoids, phenolic acids, stilbenoids, and lignans. These compounds, which constitute a natural reservoir, have proved their efficiency as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules. From this point, we may classify these compounds as an alternative molecule to treat or prevent the development of cancer or even psychological dysfunction
Krom Zenginleştirme Tesislerinde, Gürültü Şiddetinin Çalışanlara Etkilerinin Karşılaştırmalı Olarak İncelenmesi
Get PDFMadencilikte, metalik cevherlerin zenginleştirilme işlemleri, farklı şekillerde gerçekleştirilebilmelerine rağmen, genelde prosesler%253B hazırlama işlemleri, boyut küçültme ve sınıflandırma gibi ön işlemleri kapsamaktadır. Bu işlemler, gürültü düzeyi oldukça yüksek seviyelere ulaşabilen büyük boyutlardaki makine ve yöntemlerle gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, Adana ve Mersin bölgelerinde bulunan krom zenginleştirme tesisleri sallantılı masa ve değirmen katlarında, TS EN 61672-1 ve IEC 61672 standartlarına uygun Lutron SL-4010 dijital ölçüm cihazı ile gürültü şiddeti ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Her iki tesiste, masa katları ile değirmen katları içerisindeki gürültü şiddeti değerlerinin 85-95 dB arasında değiştiği ve Çalışanların Gürültü ile İlgili Risklerden Korunmalarına Dair Yönetmeliğe göre bu değerlerin%253B maruziyet eylem değerleri ve maruziyet sınır değerleri üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, belirlenen gürültü şiddeti değerleri karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiş, çalışanlar üzerindeki etkileri mevzuat doğrultusunda değerlendirilmiş ve bu etkilerinin önlenebilmesi için yapılması gerekenler belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır
DNA Damage Response and Autophagy%253A An Exclusive Meeting in Cancer
No full textHealthy cells maintain genome integrity by activating a conserved DNA damage response (DDR) pathway that halts the progression of the cell cycle and activates DNA repair. Molecular disorders preventing DDR functioning properly often predispose to cancer. Therefore DDR acts as a tumor suppressor barrier. DDR often leads to not only cell cycle arrest and DNA repair, but also induces cellular senescence and apoptosis. Ultimately, autophagy as a self-degradation and recycling program of cellular components can be induced by DDR. In healthy cells and the initial stage of cancer, autophagy appears to have a tumor suppressor function by eliminating damaged organelles, and protein aggregates to promote genomic instability. However, in advanced tumors, autophagy s activated, particularly as a result of hypoxia and metabolic stress, to promote tumor survival under these conditions. Autophagy can also be induced by DNA damaging chemotherapy agents in tumor cells, which mostly results in resistance to conventional cancer therapies. In addition, activation of certain oncogenes in advanced tumors may promote autophagy activation and guarantee the persistence of tumors. Thus, currently development of inhibitors targeting autophagy with potential clinical use is increasing rapidly. In this review, the DDR and autophagy signaling mechanisms, as well as the interconnecting pathways of both are highlighted. Moreover, the biological consequences of the companion of these two important cellular responses in cancer are discussed
Automated Data Collection of Drosophila Movement Behaviour Assays Using computer Vision in Python
Get PDFDrosophila melanogaster, commonly known as the fruit fly, is the ideal model organism to study behavioural genetics. It has been extensively used in studying many diseases. Many of those studies still use manual methods to assess the flys behaviour under different conditions. In this article, we developed a method to track Drosophila melanogaster (both adults and larvae), and automate the process of data collection in larval crawling assay, and adult amputation assay
Invitro a-amylase Inhibitory Activity and Antioxidant Profile of Carica Papaya Seed Protein Hydrolysate
Get PDFCarica papaya, a plant belonging to the Caricaceae family produces pawpaw fruit%253B a very useful plant commonly found in most of the tropical African countries, with Nigeria being the third largest producer worldwide. Protein hydrolysates from Pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds were examined for in-vitro alpha%253B-amylase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. Pawpaw seeds proteins were isolated and subsequently hydrolyzed by trypsin and pepsin. The degree of breakdown by trypsin (40.97 plusmn%253B 0.18%25) was more (p lt%253B 0.05) than pepsin (33.60 plusmn%253B 0.23%25). The peptide yield of tryptic hydrolysis (7.35 plusmn%253B 0.17%25) was significantly higher than that of peptic hydrolysis (5.13 plusmn%253B 0.04%25). All the hydrolysates, including the standards, show alpha%253B-amylase inhibitory activities and antioxidant activities in a concentration-increasing manner. Trypsin hydrolysate showed the highest alpha%253B-amylase inhibition (63.64 plusmn%253B 1.55%25). 50%25 effective concentration (EC50) for Pepsin hydrolysate (0.61 plusmn%253B 0.02 mg%252Fml) was lower than trypsin hydrolysate (0.66 plusmn%253B 0.01 mg%252Fml). The trypsin hydrolysate displayed the higher ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and H2O2-Scavenging activities (5.8mg%252Fml and 22.54 plusmn%253B 0.12%25 respectively) while pepsin hydrolysate showed the best DPPH-scavenging activity (75.99%25). The results, therefore, suggest that C. papaya seeds protein hydrolysates may serve as a food source with curative properties like antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effect against alpha%253B-amylas
Aroma and Some Quality Characteristics of Sweet Black Colored Oskar F1 (Capsicum Annuum L. Cv. Oskar F1) Pepper Variety
Get PDFThe number of new varieties bred in the world is increasing day by day. İncrease in yield, possibility of marketing in domestic and foreign trade, nutritional properties of agricultural products are closely interested with developing new varieties. The evaluation of the performance of these varieties in different ecological conditions is an important study subject. Oskar F1 is a black coloured pepper also called purple colured. Oskar F1 is a registered hybrid sweet pointed pepper variety and is subject to export. Oskar F1 pepper variety is stands out in terms of marketing with its black color in addition to having high ascorbic acid amount (222.33 mg %252F 100g) and hexanal was found as major aroma component which creates a sensory perception as a freshly cut grass to its aroma feature