International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research (IJIASR) / Uluslararası Fen Bilimlerinde Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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A Research of Color and Fastness Values on Silk, Wool and Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Pulp of Oregano (Origanum onites) and Sage (Salvia tomentosa)
Get PDFOne of the most important problems of natural dyeing is lack of raw material. In the recent years, researchers are aimed to solve the deficiency of raw material. The pulp of plants which are obtained from the steam distillation, are used as a dyestuff. We assume that the dyestuff in pulp of oregano and sage after steam distillation remain stable. Wool yarns and silk fabrics have been dyed in previous works done as a master and a Proficiency in Art thesis. The results were showed that our assumption is correct. Based on these results further researches were done. The textile materials were dyed with %25100 of pulp of oregano and sage. Mordant dyeing method was applied and three different mordant materials were applied with pre-mordant process. Alum [Kal(SO4)2.12H2O], ferrous (II) sulphate [FeSO4.7H2O] and potassium dichromate [K2Cr2O7] were used as a mordant and potassium bitartrate [KC4H5O6] as an auxiliary agent in alum mordanting. Rubbing (dry and wet) and washing fastness values were determined. Also the depths of shade were evaluated in terms of K%252FS and CIELAB colour difference values of the dyed fabric samples.
According to the results obtained from the dyeing, the capability of pulp of plants is adequate and will supply the lack of the dyestuff. While the colors obtained from silk and wool fabrics are more vivid and dark, the colors of cotton fabrics are quite pale. This study will allow other pulp of plants to be evaluated in this way
Meniskopatili Hastalarda Patellar Tendonun Shear Wave Elastografi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Get PDFDiz eklemi gibi kompleks ve yaralanmaya müsait olan bir eklemde yapıların birbiri ile uyumlu çalışması önemlidir. Meniskopati sonrası bu uyum bozulduğunda eklem biyomekaniği olumsuz etkilenecektir. Diz ekleminin stabilitesinde önemli olan ligamentum patella (LP)yı meniskopati sonrası değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Çalışmamızda 18-45 yaş arasında olan 36 kişinin, 62 dizi değerlendirilmiştir. Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) sonuçlarına göre menisküs lezyonu olan ve olmayan iki grup oluşturuldu. LPnin uzunluğunu MRG, kalınlığını ve ekojenitesini ultrasonografi (USG) ve elastisitesini de shear wave elastografi (SWE) ile değerlendirdik. Elde edilen verileri yaş, cinsiyet, vücut kitle indeksi (VKİ), egzersiz yapma, dominant taraf, sigara ve alkol kullanımı parametreleri ve Görsel analog skala (GAS), Western Ontario McMaster Üniversitesi osteoartrit indeksi (WOMAC) ve Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi indeksi (PUKİ) skorları açısından karşılaştırdık. Kontrol grubumuzda, LPnin uzunluğu arttıkça elastisitesinin de artığını, dominant tarafı sağ olanlarda LP sertliğinin daha fazla ve LPnin erkeklerde daha kalın olduğunu bulduk. Olgu grubumuzda, meniskopatinin görülme oranı erkeklerde daha yüksekti. Alkol kullananlarda LPnin daha sert ve kalın olduğu görüldü. LPnin kalınlığı arttıkça uyku esnasında ağrı skoru daha fazlaydı. Meniskopatili dize sahip kişilerde VKİ kontrol grubuna göre biraz daha yüksektir. LP uzunluğu ile elastisitesi arasında pozitif yönde bir ilişki vardır. Meniskopatili dizde LPnin kalınlığı artarken uzunluğu ve elastisitesi anlamlı bir şekilde değişmemiştir. LP kalınlığındaki artış hareket ve uyku esnasında ağrıyı arttırmıştır. Yaptığımız çalışma meniskopatili dizde LPyi SWE ile değerlendiren ön çalışma niteliğindedir
Recent Developments on Aroma Biochemistry in Fresh Fruits
Get PDFFor fresh fruits to be consumed and relished, they have to stimulate the senses of taste and smell as well as have good visual properties. In terms of the consumption of a fruit, its aroma, which constitutes the taste and odor elements, is of major importance. Therefore, the wish of consumers to eat fresh fruits is largely due to their rich aroma. The components of aroma that are found in fruits, in very low concentrations, such as ppm or ppb, can easily be perceived sensorially. Flavor, usually composed of volatile compounds, is an important criterion that enhances the appeal of fresh fruits. The aroma in fruits is composed of dozens of compounds in different concentrations. Many researchers have reported that the components of fruit aroma are caused by aldehydes, esters, alcohols, lactones, ketones, terpenoids, and other chemical compounds. The features that make these volatile compounds significant and unite them at a common point are that, even in trace amounts, they are perceived by the senses, and play an extremely effective role on the quality of the fruit. Aroma formation and development takes place in fresh fruits under highly dynamic processes. In this review, aroma biochemistry in fresh fruits and the factors affecting this dynamic process are discussed
Evaluation of Antibacterial Potency of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Mentha piperita
Get PDFThe Mentha piperita is an aromatic perennial herb, a member of the family Lamiaceae (Labiatae) that produces creeping stolons, growing in the range of 45 to 80 cm tall. Fungal endophytes reside in the healthy plant tissues to produce several metabolic products such as plants growth hormones, anti-phagocytes to biological feeding, medicinal ingredients, and many products of biological activities. Hence, they are regarded as a reservoir of active metabolites for the development of novel drugs. Although, many endophytic fungi have been reported from different plants, reports on fungal endophytes from M. piperita are very limited. In this study, fungal endophytes from the leaf and stem of M. piperita were successfully evaluated for their potential antibacterial properties. Healthy leaves of the peppermint were prepared and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates for 5 to 7 days at 28 oC until fungal colonies appeared. Fifteen (15) fungal isolates were identified based on cultural and morphological characteristics and had six (6) rapid growing species, namely Aspergillus fumigatus, Rhizopus arrhizus, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria alternate which were selected and evaluated their crude metabolites against c using agar well diffusion method. The susceptibility study showed a remarkable in vitro antibacterial activity of the fungal crude metabolites against all the test bacteria which increased with an increased incubation time of 7, 14 and 21 days incubation. However, the fungi displayed maximal zone of growth inhibition after 21 days of incubation. In conclusion, fungal endophytes were isolated from M. piperita and evaluated in vitro antibacterial activity of their crude metabolites against the test bacterial isolates
Okaliptus balının PC3, CaCO2, HeLa ve HuH7 Kanser Hücre Hatları Üzerindeki Sitotoksisitesinin Değerlendirilmesi
Get PDFProstat, rahim ağzı, kolorektal ve karaciğer kanserlerinin tedavileri sıklıkla yaşam kalitesinin düşmesine neden olan cerrahi ve%252Fveya radyoterapi tedavilerini içermektedir. Kanser tedavisinde kullanılmak için potansiyel doğal antikanser kaynakların araştırılması dünyada devam vermektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiyeden elde edilen okaliptüs balının farklı konsantrasyonlarının seçilen kanser hücre hatları üzerindeki sitotoksisitesini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Bu amaçla, PC3 insan prostat kanseri hücre hattı, HeLa rahim ağzı kanseri hücre hattı, CaCo2 kolorektal kanseri hücre hattı ve HuH7 karaciğer kanseri hücre hatları kullanılmıştır. Hücre hatlarına 48 ve 72 saat boyunca çeşitli konsantrasyonlarda (%250.78 - %2550 arası) okaliptüs balı uygulamasını takiben, sitotoksisite tayini için, hücre canlılık testi (MTT) yapılmış ve okaliptüs balının her bir konsantrasyonunda kanser hücrelerinin yüzde canlılık oranları belirlenmiştir. Okaliptus balı uygulaması ile hücre hatlarının canlılıklarını %2580 ve daha fazla kaybettikleri konsantrasyonlara ve bu konsantrasyonlarda hücrelerin canlılık oranlarına bakıldığında, %256.25 okaliptus balı konsantrasyonunda HeLa hücre hattının 48 ve 72 saatlerinde sırasıyla %257.6 ve %257.7, CaCO2 hücre hattının 72 saatinde %2520.7%253B %2512.5 okaliptus balı konsantrasyonunda HuH7 hücre hattının 48 ve 72 saatlerinde sırasıyla %25 5.3 ve %25 5.1, PC3 hücre hattının 72 saatinde %255.2, CaCO2 hücre hattının 48 saatinde %2520.4%253B %2525 okaliptus balı konsantrasyonunda PC3 hücre hattının 48 saatinde %257.7 canlılık oranları gösterdikleri görülmüştür
Vegetable and Fruit Waste Production Related to Consumption in Turkey and Certain Middle East Countries
Get PDFVegetable and fruit wastes (VFW) comprise a large portion of wastes that contribute to pollution in different ways. This is because there is a large demand for such perishable products by all countries. The Turkish economy was mostly depending on agriculture before 40 years ago but due to globalization this has been changed into industrialization. Even though the industrialization dominates, the consumption of fruits and vegetables has been in an increasing trend in Turkey and its environs. The usage of such resources can be regulated by governments and organizations to avoid overusing them. Also, there are many ways for treating such inevitable wastes. To mention a few, extracting pigment, antioxidants, pesticides, producing single-celled proteins, enzymes, biofertilizers, green energy, and many others from the wastes can be done
Doğal Klinoptilolit%252F CZA Hibrit Katalizörünü Kullanarak Sentez Gazından Dimetileterin Tek Adımda Sentezi%253A Katalizör Oranının Etkileri
No full textBu çalışmada, sentez gazından doğrudan dimetileter (DME) eldesi kapsamında ülkemizde bulunan klinoptilolit doğal zeolitinden yola çıkılarak D-Klinoptilolit (DK) isimli yeni katalizör sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen bu katalizör CuO%252FZnO%252FAl2O3 (CZA) katalizörü ile 1%252F3 ve 2%252F1 oranında modifiye edilerek yeni katalizör bileşimleri elde edilmiştir. DME eldesi için sisteme besleme yapılacak olan gazların bileşimi %25 hacimce sırasıyla H2%252FCO%252FCO2%252FN2 %253D 36%252F18%252F10%252F36 olacak şekilde sisteme beslenmiştir. Gaz bileşimi oranları ile 2 farklı katalizör bileşimi, sabit yataklı, yüksek basınçlı ve sürekli akışlı reaksiyon sisteminde 250 deg%253BC, 275 deg%253BC ve 300 deg%253BC sıcaklıklarda, 30 ve 40 bar basınç altında ve 30,60,90 ve 120 dakikalarda aktivite testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Katalizörlerin ve doğal zeolitin karakterizasyonu amacıyla X-işini difraktometresi (XRD), Yüzey Alanı Ölçüm Cihazı (BET), Termogravimetrik Analiz (TGA), Fourier Dönüşümlü Kizilötesi (FTIR) analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmalarda 2 farklı oranda hazırlanan katalizör bileşimlerinin, farklı reaksiyon süreleri, reaksiyon basıncı ve reaksiyon sıcaklıklarında dimetileter seçiciliği (SDME) ve toplam karbon dönüşümüne (XC) etkileri incelenmiştir. DK%2BCZA (ağırlıkça 3%252F1) katalizör bileşimi 30 bar basınçta en yüksek %25 69,5 olarak DME seçiciliğinde ürünler 250 deg%253BC de gerçekleşmiş olup, aynı sıcaklıkta zaman geçtikçe azalmıştır. Sıcaklık 275 ve 300 deg%253BCye çıktığında da başlangıçta DME seçiciliği tekrar artarken, aynı sıcaklıkta zaman ilerledikçe tekrar DME seçicilik oranında düşüş görünmüştür. DK%2BCZA (1%252F2) katalizör bileşimi 3 farklı sıcaklık ve sürelerde %2510un biraz üzerinde %25 DME seçiciliği sonuçlarını vermiştir. 40 bar basınçta ise DK%2BCZA (3%252F1) ve DK%2BCZA (1%252F2) oranındaki katalizör bileşimlerinin 250 deg%253BC de DME seçicikleri %25 80in üzerindedir. Çalışmalar sonucunda, katalizörlerin DME seçicilikleri karşılaştırıldığında DK%2BCZA (3%252F1) katalizör bileşiminin DME seçiciliğinin DK%2BCZA (1%252F2) katalizör bileşiminden daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür
Evaluation of Proline, Chlorophyll, and Carotenoid Contents of Two Globe Artichokes [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] Leaves Based on the Growing Season
Get PDFGlobe artichoke [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori], a member of the Asteraceae family, has been known since ancient times. Edible parts of this valuable vegetable are rich in antioxidants and polyphenols as well as possessing healing properties against certain diseases. When the life cycle of plants is taken into consideration, the processes which are highly affected by environmental conditions are photosynthesis and cell growth. Chlorophyll level is known as a good indicator of the photosynthesis of plants. Carotenoids, one of the important functions of which protects chlorophyll from photo-oxidation, can prevent the destruction of chlorophyll. Therefore, chlorophyll and carotenoids play an important role in photosynthesis and the protection of photosynthetic pathways against harmful free radicals. The proline concentration present in various plants is increased in many different stress conditions, such as cold, temperature, salinity, drought, UV, and heavy metals, thus, providing better tolerance to stress conditions. The aim of the present study was to comparatively evaluate the proline, chlorophyll (a and b), and carotenoid contents of the young and mature leaves of two OP cultivars (Bayrampaşa and Sakız) based on different growing seasons. Obtained results demonstrated that there were differences between two OP artichoke cultivars based on the growing season and young and mature leaves with regards to proline, chlorophyll (a and b), and carotenoid contents. Findings revealed that proline and chlorophyll b levels in autumn were quite promising, while in terms of chlorophyll a and carotenoid levels winter was prominent. Regarding the young and mature leaves, high proline and chlorophyll a levels were found to be dominant in young leaves. On the other hand, chlorophyll b and carotenoid were more accumulated in mature leaves. Turkey has several other globe artichoke cultivars and the findings of the present study may play a supportive role in determining proline, chlorophyll (a and b), and carotenoid contents for combating several environmental stress factors
Bioefficiency of Clarias gariepinus Liver Rhodanese and Physicochemical Parameters of Soil from Cassava Effluent Contaminated Odo-Oba River, Ogbomosho, Oyo State, Nigeria
Get PDFCyanide contamination of Soil and aquatic environment has become a great concern in Nigeria because of increase in the number of cassava processing milling plants. The sample collection and the conduct of this experiment took place between September and October when the country is experiencing late rainfall. The levels of physicochemical parameters in soil and plant samples were obtained using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Soil and plant samples of Amaranthus spinosus were obtained from cassava processing site (site X) and other samples 100m to the cassava mills (site Y) as control. The concentration of metals in soil samples in mg%252Fkg at site lsquo%253BX recorded were Cr(39.0mg%252Fkg), Mn(3.5mg%252Fkg), Cu(33.0mg%252Fkg), Fe(4.3mg%252Fkg), Pb(2.5mg%252Fkg), and Zn(52.5mg%252Fkg) while that of site lsquo%253BY were Cr(16.5mg%252Fkg), Mn(1.3mg%252Fkg), Cu(13.0mg%252Fkg), Fe(1.9mg%252Fkg), Pb(0.3mg%252Fkg), and Zn(17.0mg%252Fkg). The concentration values for AS, Cd and Nickel in the environment were below detection limit for all soil and plant samples. The concentrations of metals in A. spinosus root and shoot in mg%252Fkg from sites lsquo%253BX were Cr(6.00mg%252Fkg - 8.50mg%252Fkg), Fe(0.55mg%252Fkg - 0.80mg%252Fkg), Cu(4.00mg%252Fkg - 5.50mg%252Fkg), Pb(0.05mg%252Fkg - 0.08mg%252Fkg), Zn(6.00mg%252Fkg - 8.00mg%252Fkg), Mn(0.35mg%252Fkg - 0.5mg%252Fkg) while that of site lsquo%253BY were Cr(5.50mg%252Fkg - 8.00mg%252Fkg), Fe(0.545mg%252Fkg - 1.00mg%252Fkg), Cu(4.00mg%252Fkg - 6.50mg%252Fkg), Pb(0.03mg%252Fkg - 0.08mg%252Fkg), Zn(7.50mg%252Fkg - 9.50mg%252Fkg), Mn(0.30mg%252Fkg - 0.60mg%252Fkg). The values of some metals analyzed were above the recommended values by WHO and FEPA. The analysis of effluents and surface water samples resulted in higher figures for most of the parameters and acidic pH in cassava effluent than the surface water sample. The mode of phytoremediation was also investigated. Data obtained suggested the plants could be used for phyto-extraction of these metals. Rhodanese, enzyme that detoxify cyanide was extracted and characterized from the liver of Clarias gariepinus of cassava effluents contaminated Odo-Oba River. The results show specific activities of 0.0526RUmg-1. The optimal temperature and pH of 30˚C and 7.0 were recorded for the enzyme respectively. The Vmax of 9.62RU%252FMl and 6.33RU%252FMl were obtained for the KCN and Na2S2O3 substrates while for the Km, higher figures of 49.4mM and 28.5mM were recorded respectively. However, the Km values of the fish liver Rhodanese of Clarias gariepinus indicated higher affinity for thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) than for potassium cyanide (KCN) as a substrate, although maximum activity was observed for KCN substrate. Inhibition studies on the enzyme with a number of chloride salts showed that the activity of the enzyme was not affected by Mg2%2B,, Mn2%2B,Ca2%2B while Ba2%2B,Hg2%2B and Cu2%2B inhibited the enzyme considerably
Dose Optimization of Electron Arc Treatment Technique in Chest Wall Beams after Mastectomy
Get PDFIn breast cancer, electron energies are preferred over photon energies because they provide minimal lung exposure when conditions allow for thin chest wall irradiation after mastectomy. In patients with irregular chest wall, it is difficult to perform a homogeneous irradiation with fixed electron beam therapy due to reasons such as thickness differences, irregular contour and lack of tissue, long scar and area joint problems. Electron arc therapy is propose as an alternative method in such patients.
The study was carried out with electron energies of 6, 9, 12, 13.5 and 16 MeV. First, in order to be able to use it in electron arc planning in the planning system, after determining the dose characteristics of all available electron energies of the electron arc technique, the accuracy of these dose distributions was verified with film and TLD dosimetry. After the suitability was determined, electron arc plans were made on the CT simulation image of 20 patients selected due to the difficulty of homogeneous irradiation with the classical method.
While the chosen reference dose of 85%25 covered the PTV homogeneously, it was found that the dose was decreased by an average of 50%25 compared to photon and classical electron therapy in the examination performed in terms of radiation dose to which the lung volume was exposed. During the planning, a homogeneous dose and bolus of different thicknesses were required depending on the energy in most patients to regulate the reduction in surface dose depending on the arc angle. Bolus prevents the lung and heart from overdosing while ensuring that the dose in the deeper parts of the target volume is more uniform. The use of tertiary block in electron-arc dose distributions prevented unwanted dose reduction in the field edges and provided a more homogeneous dose distribution at 85%25 reference isodose. If the structure of the patient%252339%253Bs contour is very irregular, the dose distribution is not smooth due to the depth difference.
In this context, it has been determined that during optimization, the isocenter depth should be chosen for the homogeneity of the dose distribution and to be as equal as possible from the surface at all beam angles. In addition, in the study, it was determined that more appropriate dose distributions were obtaine when the isocenter depth is greater than the maximum reach of electrons. Even if multiple electron fields of different energies are used, more homogeneous dose distributions have been achieve by eliminating field combination problems with the use of electron arc therapy