International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Science Research (IJIASR) / Uluslararası Fen Bilimlerinde Yenilikçi Yaklaşımlar Dergisi
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A Research on the Development of a Sustainable In Vitro Propagation Method in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
Get PDFSaffron (Crocus sativus L.) is the most expensive spice in the world. This plant species is propagated vegetatively by the formation of daughter corms from the mother plant. Unfortunately, many factors prevent the efficient propagation of saffron through this traditional practice. For example, the low production rate of daughter corms and the risk of fungal contamination affect the quality of daughter corms. Therefore, the traditional propagation method cannot meet the demand for planting material. The use of biotechnological tools, especially in vitro culture techniques, can be of great benefit in propagating saffron. Therefore, in recent years, various regeneration systems have been established for saffron through somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis using different explant types, media components, plant growth regulators (PGRs) and culture conditions. In vitro culture methods allow obtaining large amounts of propagation material for the saffron plant in a short time. This research was conducted to reveal the effects of different nutrient medium and hormone combinations on the in vitro propagation of saffron and to establish a sustainable in vitro micropropagation protocol. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the use of relatively high amounts of BAP in addition to maintaining a high cytokinin%252Fauxin ratio in basic media (MS or DKW) is necessary for a sustainable saffron in vitro micropropagation protocol
Effect of pH-shift Treatment and Ultrasonication on the Physical Stability and Properties of Hemp Seed Milk
Get PDFHemp seed milk is a growing beverage with excellent nutritional content and minimal allergenicity, which offers a tasty substitute for other plant-based milk types. During this research, we investigated the individual and combined impact of pH shift and ultrasound (US) on the stability characteristics of hemp seed milk. The effect of pH shift and US were investigated on the physico-chemical properties of hemp, milk, sedimentation index, rheological properties, color, oBrix, physical stability, titratable acidity, and emulsion stability index (ESI) measurements. According to the obtained data, applying individual US techniques showed the best results, with the highest stability characteristics and better rheological properties, the highest L* (lightness) and oBrix values, and the lowest titratable acidity values. Interestingly, the individual application of the pH-shift technique showed the lowest physical stability results. In comparison, pH shift treatment combined with the US demonstrated moderate stability. Thus, the pH shift and the US are remarkable non-thermal processing methods for producing stable hempseed milk
The Effects of Sowing Density Applications on Yield and Some Quality Parameters in Different Vegetable Microgreens
Get PDFMicrogreens are plants consumed before reaching maturity. Vegetable seeds are generally used in their production. Microgreens are used in salads and various dishes in terms of their aromatic aspects. It is known that microgreens are an important source of antioxidants. Although microgreens are easy and fast to produce, producers lack of knowledge limits the production of microgreens. Seed spacing has also been not correctly verified in previous studies, as well. Within the scope of the study, okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. cv. lsquo%253BSultani), carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. lsquo%253BNantes), leek (Allium porrum L. cv. lsquo%253BHotanlı), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. lsquo%253BMatador), cress (Lepidium sativum L. cv. lsquo%253BTere) vegetables were sown at two different sowing densities (the average amount of seeds that can fit on a 1 cmsup2%253B surface area-dense sowing and 1%252F3 of this amount-sparse sowing). Plant weight, yield, width of root collar, plant height, water soluble dry matter, ascorbic acid were evaluated. Results indicated that ocra microgreensweight was higher than the other microgreens and had higher values in terms of yield. Ocra microgreens also demonstrated the highest total soluble solids value. The yield of okra, spinach and cress microgreens increased with dense planting. However, it was found that the increase in planting density and the increase in yield were not at the same rate. Cress microgreens had the highest value in terms of ascorbic acid value
Quantum Digital Signature Generation with Quantum Continuous Variables
Get PDFEnsuring the security of digital communication and data transfer has become essential in the modern era. Classical cryptographic techniques are increasingly vulnerable due to advances in quantum technologies and algorithms. Consequently, quantum computers and quantum communication offer promising solutions for secure data transfer and encryption. This study explores the generation of Quantum Digital Signatures (QDS) using Quantum Continuous Variables (QCV), providing a novel approach to secure digital signature technologies.
The paper outlines the core principles of QDS generation with QCV, detailing the signature creation and verification processes. It highlights the advantages of this technology in secure communication and data transfer and discusses potential security vulnerabilities and future development prospects. Quantum Continuous Variables (QCVs), typically used in quantum optical systems, represent physical quantities with continuous spectra, such as the wavelength or phase of light. These variables enable efficient and secure quantum information processing and communication.
Despite significant progress in quantum cryptography protocols using QCVs, practical application and optimization of these technologies face numerous challenges. These include complexities in preparing and measuring quantum states, managing quantum errors, and achieving higher efficiency and security standards. Moreover, the practical applications of QCV in industrial contexts remain limited, highlighting the need for further experimental and applied research.
The methodology for generating QDS using QCVs involves employing specific quantum states, such as coherent and squeezed states. The process includes key distribution, signature creation and verification, and addressing potential quantum attacks. The system model comprises a sender (Alice), a receiver (Bob), and an arbiter (Charlie), facilitating secure and authenticated message transmission
Investigation of the Biological Activities of Colocasia esculenta L. Schott
Get PDFThroughout history, medicinal plants have been utilized, laying the foundation for contemporary medicine. Plant-derived compounds have been a vital source for developing medications. Colocasia esculenta stands out among traditional crops for its significant nutritional and medicinal potential, surpassing many other tuber crops. In this study, the antioxidant, mutagenicity, and antimutagenicity of four different extracts (hexane, acetone, methanol, and aqueous) of C. esculenta were investigated. Antioxidant activities of C. esculenta extracts were detected with the determination of total phenolic%252Fflavonoid content (TPC%252FTFC), total antioxidant activity (TAC), and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Acetone extract of C. esculenta exhibited the highest values in all TPC, TFC, TAC, and the DPPH free radical scavenging analyses. The mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of those four extracts were examined with TA98 and TA100 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. In higher concentrations, acetone and methanol extracts showed stronger mutagenic activity than the other extracts in both strains. The highest antimutagenic activity was observed in hexane and acetone in strain TA98
Chitosan Nanofibers Enriched with Oleuropein via Electrospinning%253A Potential as Active Packaging Materials
Get PDFThe development of sustainable and functional food packaging materials is crucial to addressing global challenges such as environmental pollution, food waste, and the demand for eco-friendly solutions. This study explores the fabrication of oleuropein-incorporated chitosan nanofibers using the electrospinning technique. Oleuropein, a phenolic compound known for its potent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, was integrated into chitosan-based nanofibers to enhance their functional characteristics. The structural, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of the nanofiber films were thoroughly evaluated. Results revealed that increasing oleuropein concentration significantly influenced the viscosity of the polymer solutions and nanofiber morphology while having negligible effects on electrical conductivity. The films exhibited enhanced total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity with higher oleuropein concentrations, with the OLE_3.75 sample achieving the highest TPC (31.66plusmn%253B3.29 mg GAE%252Fg film) and strong DPPH scavenging activity (87.15plusmn%253B1.14%25). Antimicrobial tests demonstrated selective inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive bacteria), with inhibition zones of 18.50plusmn%253B0.15 mm and 17.50plusmn%253B0.25 mm for OLE_2.5 and OLE_3.75 films, respectively, while showing no activity against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria). These findings underscore the potential of oleuropein-loaded PEO%252Fchitosan nanofiber films as innovative active packaging materials with robust antioxidant and selective antimicrobial properties. This research contributes to the advancement of multifunctional, biodegradable packaging solutions that align with sustainability and food safety goals, offering promising applications in food preservation and biomedical fields
Recombinat Production and Characterization of the SUMO-Tagged N-Glycosidase F Enzyme
Get PDFGlycans, a key component of cells, are abundant and diverse biopolymers found in covalent bonds of sucrose attached to proteins and lipids. They significantly contribute to mass and structural variation in biological systems. In order to characterize glycans, study their effects in various experiments, and comprehend their roles, it is necessary to isolate them from the proteins with which they are associated. Chemical methods and various enzymes separate glycans. The ease of application of chemical methods, despite their low cost, chemical methods ease of application affects the chemical structure of both glycans and the remaining part of the polypeptide during deglycosylation. Additionally, the high salt content of the separated glycans makes mass spectrometry analysis of these glycants difficult. For these reasons, the use of enzymes in glycan studies has increased in recent years. One of the most commonly used enzymes in this field, N-glycosidase F has a wide spectrum and the ability to successfully release various N-glycan structures from glycoprotein.
In this study, the PNGase F enzyme, secreted by Flavobacterium meningosepticum, was efficiently produced in a recombinant manner. The enzyme, which contains 314 amino acids, is the most effective method for removing N-glycan from glycoproteins
Effects of Some Distillation Wastes Used in Growing Media on the Quality of Tomato and Cucumber Seedlings
Get PDFThe present research aimed to evaluate the utilization of some medicinal aromatic plants%252339%253B distillation wastes (sage, thyme, mint, and basil) to provide an option for seedling growth media to ameliorate the seedling quality as well as to the restricted sources of peat. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were used as vegetative production materials. In the present study, including control media five different growing media consisting of distillation waste of thyme, sage, mint, and basil at 3%253A1 (peat%253A distillation wastes) rates were prepared. Consequently, it can be said some medicinal aromatic plant distillation wastes have the potential to be used as a support to seedling growing media
Optimization of Berry Infusions with High Polphenol Content
Get PDFGoji berry, also known as wolfberry, is a plant that grows in the Asian region. It is a red-orange elliptical fruit with a sweet, sour taste due to the presence of phenolic compounds. Recently, goji berry is becoming more and more popular because of the health benefits of bioactive ingredients. The present study aims to determine infusion parameters for producing functional beverages rich in bioactive components and suitable for consumption with maximum benefit to human health. In this context, the response surface methodology (RSM) was used for experimental design. Three independent variables were determined, which are temperature (75ndash%253B95 deg%253BC), time (5ndash%253B15 min), and mass (2ndash%253B5 g), to optimize the desired quality characteristics in goji berry teas and to evaluate the interactions of the independent variables. The three-variable experimental design was implemented 6 replications in the center point, resulting in 20 total trial patterns. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, anthocyanin content, and condensed tannin content of the samples were determined. For optimization, it is aimed that goji berry infusions have the values of maximum total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, anthocyanin content, and condensed tannin content. As a result of the analysis of variance (ANOVA), a meaningful model for total anthocyanin content, total flavonoid content, condensed tannin content, and phenolic content values could not be established (plt%253B0.05), but statistically significant model was obtained for DPPH (plt%253B0.05). Temperature and mass were found to be statistically significant (plt%253B0.05) on DPPH. Depending on the levels of the selected quality characteristics, the parameters that will provide an optimum formulation of goji berry infusions were suggested as 85.77deg%253BC, 5 min., and 5 g, according to the desirability function (0.634). Thus, the parameters of antioxidant capacity, total phenolic substance, total anthocyanin, total flavonoid, and total condensed tannin content were determined to maximize bioactive substances and be beneficial for consumer health
Determination of the Effects of Different Tree Logs on Some Important Volatile Aroma Components in the Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus Jacq Kumm)
Get PDFOyster mushroom (Pleurotus spp.) is grown in significant quantities around the world. Compared to the Agaricus species, it is highly tolerant to hot and cold conditions, making it easier to cultivate. At the same time, their cultivation can be done in many different nutrient media. This provides advantages in the agricultural use of many waste materials or materials used for heating purposes. In addition, mushrooms have an important place in the agriculture and food sector, especially with their unique flavor. In the study, oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was grown in nutrient media prepared using logs of beech (Fagus spp.), chestnut (Quercus spp.), poplar (Populus spp.), linden (Tilia spp.) trees. The research was conducted in the mushroom cultivation facility at C.O.M.U., Faculty of Agriculture, Horticulture Department. In the study, aroma compounds were analyzed in mushrooms grown in the mentioned media. Under the conditions of our study, it was found that linden logs were not suitable for Pleurotus ostreatus production. Major aroma components were 3 octanone, 3-octanol, 1-octen-3-ol components known to create mushroom aroma, odor or taste. It has been determined that total rate of these components, which are important in the aroma industry, are at higher levels in the nutrient medium consisting of poplar tree logs