Portal Publikasi Ilmiah Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi Nasional
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Keramik Muatan Kapal Karam di Perairan Utara Cirebon: Bukti Jaringan Pelayaran Kuna
No full textThe discovery of a shipwreck with various types of cargo in the archipelago, reinforce historical data of the archipelago in the past, such as a trading network between inter-island shipping and trade as well as interregional. One of shipwreck is found in the waters north of Cirebon, the most dominant cargo is ceramics. These commodities, provide more concrete archeological evidence about of distribution process ceramics from place of production (producer-kiln) to consumers, as well as variability, chronology, and ware, so that the certainty of any variety of ceramics traded and the distribution pattern, not only with ceramics commodity, but also with other commodity goods. The results of the analysis of ceramics, it can be seen the range chronology between 9th -10th Century: Late Tang, Five Dynasti, Northern Song and Liao, Zhejiang Province products. Ceramics items can be confirmed as a commodity item that appeared in the ship to be distributed to the consumer countries, including Indonesia. Ceramics is the principal key to the existence of international commercial network in the past. Therefore, ceramics becomes a significant subject of studies, since it enables us to find evidences to explain the long-distance trade that had occurred in the past; despite the presence of only limited ceramics period
PRASASTI WARUṄGAHAN SEBUAH DATA BARU DARI MASA AWAL MAJAPAHIT
Get PDFAbstract. Waruṅgahan Inscription, A New Data from Early Majapahit Period. This paper discusses about a new inscription found at Tuban, East Java. The inscription is a new one, and both the transliteration and translation have never been published. It is necessary to write about it so that the existing data can be known to public and be a contribution in the writing of ancient history of Indonesia. The method used in this study was inductive reasoning with descriptive-analytic approach. The analysis used in this study was structural analysis, which is making internal critic on inscriptions’ transliterations to generate interpretation about aspects of human life. This inscription is called the Waruṅgahan Inscription, dated to 1227 Ś/1305 CE. The inscription from the early Majapahit period contains a description of the re-establishment of a sīma by King Nararyya Sanggramawijaya because the previous inscription was lost when an earthquake occurred. There are several names of figures that have never been appeared in the inscription from the same period. Abstrak. Prasasti Waruṅgahan adalah sebuah prasasti yang ditemukan di Kabupaten Tuban, Jawa Timur, yang belum pernah diterbitkan (alih aksara dan tafsirnya) sehingga dirasa perlu untuk menuliskannya agar data yang ada dapat diketahui oleh banyak pihak dan menjadi sumbangan dalam penulisan sejarah kuno Indonesia. Cara yang digunakan adalah penalaran induktif dengan sifat deskriptif-analitis. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa analisis struktural; yaitu melakukan kritik intern pada alih aksara isi prasasti untuk memperoleh penafsiran berupa aspek kehidupan manusia. Prasasti Waruṅgahan yang ditulis dalam bahasa dan huruf Jawa Kuno ini berasal dari tahun 1227 Ś/1305. Prasasti dari masa awal Majapahit ini berisi uraian penetapan ulang anugerah sīma oleh Raja Nararyya Sanggramawijaya karena prasasti sebelumnya hilang ketika terjadi gempa bumi. Ada beberapa nama tokoh yang belum pernah muncul dalam prasasti semasanya
PERKEMBANGAN RAGAM HIAS PADA OMO SEBUA DI NIAS SELATAN, SUMATERA UTARA
Get PDFAbstract. Omo Sebua or chief’s house is a cultural material heritage found in South Nias Regency, North Sumatera. In the past, each village in South Nias has one Omo Sebua. However, currently there are only four houses that still exist located in Hilinawalö Mazinö, Hilinawalö Fau, Onohondrö, and Bawömataluo. Each house has its own ornament style which rather different to each other. The main purpose of this article is to find out about the development of the ornaments on four remaining omo sebua which were built in different periods. The methods used in this research were by making shape-based ornament classification then followed by analysis to identify the quantity of its sub-theme, location, and ornament morphology. The result reveals that ornaments on those four houses have developed through times which caused by many factors, such as time, skill, and influence from other cultures. This research attempts to provide documentation of ornaments on Omo Sebua before these fine buildings completely destroyed, as well as to introduce the cultural material heritage of Nias to general public so that it can become an asset for tourism in the future.Keywords: Omo sebua, ornaments, classification, development Abstrak. Omo sebua atau rumah bangsawan merupakan salah satu tinggalan budaya materi di Kabupaten Nias Selatan, Sumatera Utara. Dahulu, tiap desa di Nias Selatan mempunyai satu omo sebua. Kini, hanya empat omo sebua yang masih berdiri di Nias Selatan, yakni di Desa Hilinawalö Mazinö, Hilinawalö Fau, Onohondrö, dan Bawömataluo. Ragam hias pada omo sebua tidak sama antara satu dan yang lain. Masing-masing rumah mempunyai gaya ragam hiasnya sendiri. Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini berkaitan dengan perubahan ragam hias pada empat omo sebua yang didirikan dalam waktu yang berbeda-beda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melihat perkembangan ragam hias yang ditemukan pada keempat omo sebua di Nias Selatan. Metode yang digunakan untuk menjawab permasalahan adalah klasifikasi ragam hias berdasarkan bentuk, dilanjutkan dengan analisis jumlah subtema, keletakan, dan morfologi ragam hias. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ragam hias pada keempat omo sebua mengalami perkembangan dari rumah tertua hingga rumah termuda. Perkembangan ragam hias terjadi karena faktor waktu, keterampilan seniman, dan pengaruh budaya asing di Nias Selatan. Manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah menyediakan dokumentasi ragam hias sebelum keempat omo sebua yang tersisa rusak sekaligus memperkenalkan tinggalan budaya materi di Nias kepada masyarakat umum sehingga dapat menjadi modal dalam sektor pariwisata di masa yang akan datang.Kata kunci: Omo sebua, ragam hias, klasifikasi, perkembangan
Potensi Situs Arkeologi Kawasan Kerinci, Jambi: Ikon Budaya Austronesia
No full textArchaeological Sites Potential on Kerinci Region, Jambi: Icon of Austronesia Culture Kerinci region is a location that has a diversity of cultural heritages of the past. Administratively, this area is located in Kerinci Regency, Jambi Province (formerly part of west Sumatra). This area today is still relatively remote due to limited transportation and communication facilities. Geographical conditions and steep mountainous with lakes and tributaries are the main factors driving the agricultural sector (farming, gardening) as the main regional income. Informations about archaeological resources from the early history of the cultural heritage in Jam bi can are very rarely found in school books, leaflet of culture and tourism information, eventhougb local government or related institutional in the central. But there was supporting evidence that the area of Jambi has the potency of cultural heritage since prehistoric (Mesolithic) to the Colonial periods. In one area of Jambi, which is around Kerinci region, until now can still be found evidences of material culture with prehistoric characters. There are remains of archaeological sites in the Lakes Kerinci region from prehistoric times (Mesolithic until Palaeometalic) to indicate the beginning of civilization in communities that already have the technology ( equipment), social organization, beliefs and so on. Therefore, research to express the historical values of cultural origin of Jambi in connection with the Austronesian speakings and culture is important to examine using Archaeological perspectives
Sebaran dan Karakteristik Situs Arkeologi di Kalimantan Tengah
Get PDFKalimantan Tengah landscape consists of the Schwaner-Muller Mountain, the coastal area, and plain on the river bank. This environment supplies the abundant resources as a cultural area inhabited by humans since the prehistoric times. The researches in Kalimantan Tengah havefound archaeological sites which spread in each landscape. This article discusses how the characteristic of archaeological sites in Kalimantan Tengah based on the geographical location. This research begins with data collecting from archaeology research report fromcentral Kalimantan region at Balai Arkeologi Kalimantan Selatan during 1993-2018. This research aims to find out the site characteristics on the different geographical location. The method classify the sites based ongeographic location. The next step is identifiying the sites based on geographicparameters and environment condition, characteristics of artifacts, cultural characteristics, and its chronology. This research result is indicating that the site distribution in Kalimantan Tengah region tend to be at watersheds, starting from the upstream to the coastal area, and the characteristic of the site is affected by its geographical locational. Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah memiliki bentang alam berupa pegunungan, wilayah pesisir, dan dataran di tepi sungai. Lingkungan tersebut menyediakan sumber daya alam yang melimpah sehingga menjadi kawasan budaya yang dihuni oleh manusia sejak masa prasejarah sampai dengan masa sekarang. Penelitian arkeologi di wilayah Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah menemukan situs arkeologi yang tersebar pada tiap satuan lahan. Artikel ini mengangkat permasalahan mengenai bagaimana karakteristik situs arkeologi yang berada di Kalimantan Tengah berdasarkan kondisi geografisnya. Tulisan ini diawali dengan pengumpulan data berdasarkan “Laporan Penelitian Arkeologi (LPA)” dari 1993--2017 yang dilakukan di wilayah administrasi Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik situs pada setiap lokasi geografis yang berbeda. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode dengan membuat klasifikasi situs berdasarkan lokasi geografis. Langkah selanjutnya adalah identifikasi situs berdasarkan parameter letak geografis dan kondisi lingkungan, karakteristik temuan, karakteristik budaya, dan kronologi waktu, baik absolut maupun relatif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebaran situs arkeologi di wilayah Kalimantan Tengah cenderung berada di daerah aliran sungai, mulai dari hulu sampai ke pesisir. Keletakan geografi juga memberi pengaruh pada karakteristik situs yang ditemukan.
Hasil Analisis Mikrofosil Tumbuhan (phytolith) Situs Wineki dan Padang Hadoa, di Kawasan Lembah Besoa, Sulawesi Tengah.
No full textPhytoliths are plant microfossil made of silica that varies in shape and size. Variations of form happen when silica in soil is absorbed by plants then transported and deposited in various parts of plant cells. When the plant dies, the plant's organic matter decomposes and leaves the inorganic material of silica, which we know by the name of phytoliths. Silica can survive in various environmental conditions, That’s make phytoliths are important data for scientific research including archeology. Phytoliths analysis on soil samples from prehistoric Besoa Valley’s site aimed to reveal past environmental conditions and also find out the possibility of an economical plant utilization. Extraction performed on 18 soil samples from Wineki (box K1) and the Padang Hadoa sites (box K2 and K3). Techniques were performed using Sodium Polytungstate heavy flotation. Phytoliths identification results reveal palmae plants dominate the entire site, other phytolith derived from sample are Poaeceae, Cyperaceae and also two types of economic plants Oryza and Musaceae. Difference vegetation on past (dominated by palm) and current conditions (dominated by grasses)can indicate their changing environmental conditions either due to natural or due to human intervention. The existence of Oryza and Musaceae in Padang Hadoa sites can be an indication of the use by Padang Hadoa’s prehistoric occupant.Keyword : phytolith, Besoa Valley, Oryza, Musaceae Phytoliths merupakan mikrofosil tumbuhan berbahan silica yang bervariasi secara bentuk dan ukuran. Variasi bentuk phytolith terjadi ketika silica dalam tanah terserap oleh tumbuhan kemudian terangkut dan terdeposisi pada bermacam bagian sel tumbuhan. Ketika tumbuhan mati, material organic tumbuhan membusuk dan meninggalkan material anorganik berupa silica yang kemudian kita kenal dengan nama phytoliths. Sifat silica yang dapat terawetkan diberbagai kondisi lingkungan menjadikan phytoliths data penting bagi penelitian ilmiah termasuk bagi arkeologi. Analisis phytoliths pada sampel tanah dari kawasan prasejarah Lembah Besoa ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kondisi lingkungan masa lalu dan juga mengetahui kemungkinan adanya pemanfaatan tumbuhan. Ekstraksi dilakukan pada 18 sampel tanah dari Wineki ( kotak K1 ) dan situs Padang Hadoa ( kotak K2 dan K3 ). Teknik yang dilakukan yakni dengan pengambangan menggunakan mineral berat Sodium Polytungstate. Hasil identifikasi mengungkapkan tumbuhan jenis palem mendominasi seluruh situs dibandingkan dengan jenis tumbuhan lain. Jenis tumbuhan lain yang dapat diidentifikasi dari sampel yaitu jenis Poaeceae, Cyperaceae dan juga dua jenis tumbuhan ekonomis Oryza dan Musaceae. Perbedaan vegetasi di masa lalu (yang didominasi oleh palem) dan kondisi saat ini (didominasi oleh rumput ) dapat menunjukkan adanya perubahan kondisi lingkungan baik karena alam atau karena campur tangan manusia. Keberadaan Oryza dan Musaceae di situs Padang Hadoa dapat menjadi indikasi adanya pemanfaatan jenis tumbuhan tersebut oleh manusia pendukung situs Padang Hadoa ini.Kata kunci: phytolith, Lembah Besoa, Oryza, Musacea
