Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences (HiOA): Open Access Journals
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National Policy for Internationalisation in Higher Education: The Case of Mozambique
No full textThe impetus of this study is to explore the internationalisation of higher education policy in Mozambique at a national level. Internationalisation has been one of the major themes of discussion across countries but except for South Africa, it is rarely researched in sub-Saharan Africa from the perspective of the policy of higher education at a national level. This study is qualitative and applies the policy analysis method. Data derive from higher education policy documents and semi-structured interviews with policy-makers. Two research questions are asked. First, how do policy-makers understand and strategise the internationalisation of higher education in Mozambique? Second, what are the rationales and challenges for undertaking internationalisation of higher education? The findings reveal that internationalisation is understood as mobility of students and staff, establishment of agreements and cooperation and integration of higher education in the Southern African Development Community and worldwide. The findings further reveal that the rationales for undertaking internationalisation of higher education policy encompass quality, academic training, competitiveness, prestige, and knowledge production. An ideological mismatch in the strategies of the internationalisation between policy-makers and policy documents was noted, identifying opportunities for a more creative approach.
Students’ perspectives on the functionality of the flipped classroom approach in master’s thesis seminar
No full textResearch studies are an important part of educational sciences curricula in Finland. However, these studies are challenging to conduct, given the teacher-led activities, lack of social presence, engagement, collaborative working with and time management of students, and large-entity writing process management comprising this environment. Here, our aim was to develop a program of master’s thesis seminar higher education pedagogy that employed a flipped classroom (FC) approach. While the FC approach has been investigated in several contexts of higher education, it has only been minimally explored in the master’s thesis seminar. Participating students’ views and mixed-methods were used. Based on the quantitative results, students considered guidance and satisfaction high, and difficulty low. Moreover, the FC approach was seen as well-suited to, and preferred by, the students, while not being significantly straining. Based on the qualitative and mixed-methods results, FC was seen as functional, goal-oriented, and flexible, and team spirit and supervisor’s presence were considered to be positive. However, negative experiences were also identified, such as the amount of peer feedback possibilities and time usage. The results, discussion, limitations, and implications are presented in terms of research-based development work on FC approach-grounded master’s thesis seminars in higher education
The Supervision of Legality by the Finnish Parliamentary Ombudsman during the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textThis article studies the supervisory role of the Finnish Parliamentary Ombudsman during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A major legal problem during emergencies is that respect for the rule of law tends to get lost in the midst of rapid decision-making procedures. Therefore, in addition to the parliamentary control and the judicial review of courts, the Ombudsman finds a complementary position in supervising the legality of public actions during emergencies. The annual report of the Finnish Parliamentary Ombudsman shows that 931 complaints arrived this Office in 2020, concerning issues on the COVID-19 pandemic. These cases have tested public actions against the Finnish Constitution and other laws during the pandemic. To analyse the legal supervisory role of the Ombudsman during this period, we have selected three themes including restrictions on the freedom of movement, imposing visit bans on care centres, and limiting business activities. This analysis exposes the nature of the COVID-19 pandemic as a societal syndemic, meaning that although the health-related aspect of this crisis prevailed initially, the use of public power may not only endanger the principle of legality, but also cause societal, economic, and political changes, which may last for years after the crisis
Tillitsbasert styring og ledelse i offentlig sektor i Norge: Mye hørt, men lite sett?
No full textThis article explores the diffusion of trust-based management (TBM) and how trust-based management affects trust between managers and employees, as well as organizational results. The idea of trust-based management stems from reforms in Copenhagen municipality in 2012 and has since spread to the public sector in Norway and Sweden. Trust-based management is perceived by many as an innovation and as different from traditional governance and control. There have recently been some studies of trust-based management in Denmark and Sweden, but so far there are few empirically based studies of trust-based management beyond case studies. This analysis uses survey data from 143 managers and employees in public sector organizations in Norway and the article is the first analysis of the diffusion of trust-based management and its impact on organizational performance in Norway. The results indicate that there has been little change in trust-based management in recent years, and municipalities seem to have more trust-based management than central government organizations. Multivariate analyses with PLS-SEM show that increased trust-based management is positively related to organizational performance directly as well as positively related to organizational performance via trust, as expected from theory.Denne artikkelen utforsker utbredelsen av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse (TBSL) og hvordan tillitsbasert styring og ledelse påvirker tillit mellom ledere og ansatte og organisasjoners resultater i offentlig sektor i Norge. Idéen om tillitsbasert styring og ledelse springer ut fra reformer i København kommune i 2012 og har siden spredd seg til den offentlige sektoren i Norge og Sverige. Tillitsbasert styring og ledelse blir av mange oppfattet som en innovasjon og forskjellig fra tradisjonell styring og kontroll. Det er nå kommet en del studier av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse i Danmark og Sverige, men det er så langt få empirisk baserte studier av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse utover case-studier. Analysen bruker spørreskjemadata fra 143 ledere og ansatte i offentlig virksomhet, og dette er den første analysen av utbredelsen av tillitsbasert styring og ledelse og dens virkninger i Norge. Resultatene viser at det har vært lite endring i tillitsbasert styring og ledelse de siste årene, og kommunene hadde mer tillitsbasert styring og ledelse enn statlige organisasjoner. Multivariate analyser med PLS-SEM viser at økt tillitsbasert styring og ledelse har en direkte positiv sammenheng med organisasjonsresultater så vel som en positiv indirekte sammenheng med organisasjonsresultater gjennom tillit, som forventet fra teorien
Centralized,Leadership, Ministerial Dominance, and Improvised Instruments: The Governance of COVID in Finland
No full textAnalyzing the governance of the COVID crisis in Finland, this article shows that in terms of organization and communication the strategy combined elements of centralized leadership, ministerial dominance, and scientific expertise. The government adopted an uncertainty avoidance approach in mid-March 2020, declaring the state of emergency and imposing strict anti-pandemic measures. The first wave of the pandemic was characterized by a sense of national urgency both in terms of policy and public opinion, which appreciated the active leadership of the government. Subsequently the government shifted to a more decentralized pandemic governance under normal legislation, with targeted regional solutions favored more instead of nation-wide measures. This produced occasional tensions between regional authorities and the government. The Prime Minister’s Office was in charge, but the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health retained most of the actual decision-making and horizontal coordination as well as governmental communication created challenges. The Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare was highly visible throughout the crisis, but occasionally the views of the health authorities and the executive differed
Backs and Fronts: Stitching Thread and Thought Through Manning, Methodology, and Art
No full textThis paper started with a messy embroidery back and a question: What happens when we play with/in mess, attending to how front/back, process/product, art/research, are counterparts in the event? To answer, we passed embroidery and writing techniques through each other, exploring what becomes possible when you think and make relationally, that is, between. Here, we stitch together Erin Manning’s theorization of the event with our experience. As we attuned ourselves to how thinking back-and-front together mattered, we found that our artful inquiry required us to rethink both what we thought and how we thought. Thus, we found that a methodology of front and back was made in this event, as a result of passing between. Finally, we invite readers to experiment with crafting their own methodologies of the between by flipping over their research as the embroidery hoop, and thereby opening the inquiry to its more-than
The Interview-Event-Agencement as Creative Movement and Methodological Disruption
No full textIn her article “Towards a Politics of Immediation,” Erin Manning (2019a) writes about the process of “immediation, the withness of time, of body in the making” (p. 1) that bodies subjectivity through the interstitial experience of/in the event. Drawing from Manning’s movement-oriented philosophy, and thinking-with her concepts of immediation, agencement, interval, and memory of the future, I invite alternate visualizations of interviewing as a research method through my study with international graduate students in a TESOL program at a Canadian university. By shifting focus from human-centred researcher intentionality and pre-determined research tools of the interviewing method, to the entangled human and non-human affective agencies of the interview-participant-voice-recorder-assemblage, I offer possibilities for experiencing the interview-event as an affective ecological attunement. Manning’s concepts also create interferences with existing institutional and TESOL representations and discourses, where multilingual students are often interpellated into rigid identity constructions and difference is seen as deficiency
Standing in the Midst: Intuition at the Fringes of Possible
No full textThis paper is an entry point into a different way of doing research: speculative pragmatism. Its roots are to be found in A. N. Whitehead, W. James, H. Bergson, among others. The main concept it fosters for a speculative pragmatism practice is intuition (Bergson, 2007; Deleuze, 1988, 2002; Manning, 2016). Around a discussion on knowledge, the concept of intuition is a pivotal milieu that anchors the basis for thinking-with-research-in-the-making. In the outlining of this background, the classical structure of experience is challenged. It introduces the subjective nature of the event, and shifts the role of objects, as they are normally understood
Hjemmeverkstedet og endrede vilkår for kunnskapsutvikling i kunst- og håndverksfaget
No full textDen heldigitale undervisnings- og læringssituasjonen som brått oppstår under pandemien i 2020 gir unike rammer for empiri-innsamling i fagområder som til vanlig har fysiske artefakter og kroppslig nærvær som forutsetninger for kunnskapsproduksjon. Fagmiljøene ved Musikk og Kunst og håndverk ved to lærerhøgskoler i Norge henter empiri fra denne spesielle undervisningssituasjonen etter at studenter, fagansatte og sensorer har erfart 4 måneder med stengte campus. Koronaundersøkelsen er publisert som notat i HVLs skriftserie (Brænne, Sømoe, Solstad, & Espeland, 2022). I denne artikkelen blir resultater spesifikt hentet fra kunst og håndverksmiljøet videre bearbeidet og drøftet. Det empiriske materiale omfatter her tre fokusgruppeintervju med studenter og fagansatte. Analysen er gjort etter inspirasjon fra analysemetoden meningsfortetting (Kvale, Brinkmann, Anderssen, & Rygge, 2015). Undersøkelsen søker svar på om, og eventuelt på hvilken måte, fysiske vilkår endrer fagets innhold slik det erfares av fagansatte og studenter. Respondentenes erfaringer med koronastengingen gjør verkstedfellesskapets betydning som læringsarena mer synlig. Dette blir blant annet drøftet med utgangspunkt i Bernstein (2000) sitt skille mellom prestasjons- og kompetansemodellen for rekontekstualisering av kunnskap i pedagogiske praksiser.Den heldigitale undervisnings- og læringssituasjonen som brått oppstår under pandemien i 2020 gir unike rammer for empiri-innsamling i fagområder som til vanlig har fysiske artefakter og kroppslig nærvær som forutsetninger for kunnskapsproduksjon. Fagmiljøene ved Musikk og Kunst og håndverk ved to lærerhøgskoler i Norge henter empiri fra denne spesielle undervisningssituasjonen etter at studenter, fagansatte og sensorer har erfart 4 måneder med stengte campus. Koronaundersøkelsen er publisert som notat i HVLs skriftserie (Brænne, Sømoe, Solstad, & Espeland, 2022). I denne artikkelen blir resultater spesifikt hentet fra kunst og håndverksmiljøet videre bearbeidet og drøftet. Det empiriske materiale omfatter her tre fokusgruppeintervju med studenter og fagansatte. Analysen er gjort etter inspirasjon fra analysemetoden meningsfortetting (Kvale, Brinkmann, Anderssen, & Rygge, 2015). Undersøkelsen søker svar på om, og eventuelt på hvilken måte, fysiske vilkår endrer fagets innhold slik det erfares av fagansatte og studenter. Respondentenes erfaringer med koronastengingen gjør verkstedfellesskapets betydning som læringsarena mer synlig. Dette blir blant annet drøftet med utgangspunkt i Bernstein (2000) sitt skille mellom prestasjons- og kompetansemodellen for rekontekstualisering av kunnskap i pedagogiske praksiser
Praktiknära slöjdforskning
No full textI artikeln diskuteras likheter och skillnader i kontext, utgångspunkter, metoder, insamling, analyser, dokumentationsformer och användning av resultat vid praktiknära slöjdforskning. Syftet är att utifrån exempel aktualisera vad praktiknära forskning om slöjd kan redogöra för och vad forskning som är insamlad i slöjd kan beskriva. För att tydliggöra likheter och skillnader diskuteras om den praktiknära slöjdforskningen behandlar slöjdrelaterade verksamheter, slöjdlärarutbildning eller skolslöjd. Inledningsvis görs en bakgrundsbeskrivning och en kortare redogörelse av praktiknära forskning i relation till slöjd. Utifrån slöjdrelaterade exempel diskuteras därefter om slöjdforskningen handlar om eller är genomförd i en praktik under tre avsnitt: i det första ”Forskning om eller i slöjdrelaterad verksamhet, alternativt om eller i slöjdrelaterad undervisning”; i det andra ”Forskning om slöjdlärarutbildning, alternativt om eller i undervisning med blivande slöjdlärare”, samt; i det tredje ”Forskning om slöjdämnet, alternativt om eller i skolans slöjdundervisning”. Avsnittet som beskriver praktiknära forskning om slöjdämnet och praktiknära forskning i skolans slöjdundervisning har ett större utrymme i artikeln, likaså behandlas videometod, analysförfarande och dokumentation av mikroanalyserad praktiknära slöjdforskning mer ingående. En avslutande reflektion förs om utmaningar och möjligheter med att genomföra praktiknära slöjdforskning, och att använda resultat från praktiknära slöjdforskning.I artikeln diskuteras likheter och skillnader i kontext, utgångspunkter, metoder, insamling, analyser, dokumentationsformer och användning av resultat vid praktiknära slöjdforskning. Syftet är att utifrån exempel aktualisera vad praktiknära forskning om slöjd kan redogöra för och vad forskning som är insamlad i slöjd kan beskriva. För att tydliggöra likheter och skillnader diskuteras om den praktiknära slöjdforskningen behandlar slöjdrelaterade verksamheter, slöjdlärarutbildning eller skolslöjd. Inledningsvis görs en bakgrundsbeskrivning och en kortare redogörelse av praktiknära forskning i relation till slöjd. Utifrån slöjdrelaterade exempel diskuteras därefter om slöjdforskningen handlar om eller är genomförd i en praktik under tre avsnitt: i det första ”Forskning om eller i slöjdrelaterad verksamhet, alternativt om eller i slöjdrelaterad undervisning”; i det andra ”Forskning om slöjdlärarutbildning, alternativt om eller i undervisning med blivande slöjdlärare”, samt; i det tredje ”Forskning om slöjdämnet, alternativt om eller i skolans slöjdundervisning”. Avsnittet som beskriver praktiknära forskning om slöjdämnet och praktiknära forskning i skolans slöjdundervisning har ett större utrymme i artikeln, likaså behandlas videometod, analysförfarande och dokumentation av mikroanalyserad praktiknära slöjdforskning mer ingående. En avslutande reflektion förs om utmaningar och möjligheter med att genomföra praktiknära slöjdforskning, och att använda resultat från praktiknära slöjdforskning