Jurnal Fakultas Hukum Universitas Padjadjaran
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DIFERENSIASI HUKUM TERHADAP PRAKTIK REVERSE DOMAIN NAME HIJACKING (STUDI PERBANDINGAN DI INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT)
Get PDFNama domain telah menjadi salah satu isu krusial yang timbul seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, yang menimbulkan suatu tantangan hukum yaitu berupa fenomena Reverse Domain Name Hijacking (RDNH). Penelitian ini membahas mengenai identifikasi ketiadaan kualifikasi dan standar yang jelas dalam praktik, penyelesaian hukum, dan regulasi yang dapat diterapkan pada kasus sengketa RDNH dengan melakukan perbandingan hukum Amerika Serikat dan Indonesia. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah yuridis normatif dengan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian menyoroti pentingnya penegakan hukum yang efektif dan pembuatan standar atau regulasi yang dapat membantu menangani kasus sengketa RDNH secara lebih jelas dan kohesif
Interaction Between the Protection of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Foreign Investment: Regulation in Indonesia
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Indigenous peoples in Indonesia are still marginalized since most of them are still poor and oppressed due to inequality in their sources of life. On the other hand, it is not uncommon for foreign investment activities to harm the surrounding environment including indigenous peoples. This article discusses the interaction between indigenous people’s rights and foreign investment regulations in Indonesia and what the Government of Indonesia must do to balance the need to improve the national economy and protect indigenous peoples. To answer these, the articles explained and mapped the international and national regulations relating to indigenous people and foreign investment. The data then analyzed to show how the Indonesian Government may improve the protection of indigenous peoples' rights in relation to foreign investment activities in Indonesia. It is found that Indonesia has already ratify International Convention that provide the protection of Indigenous people including relating to foreign investment (economic) activities. To ensure its implementation several steps must be taken i.e.: adopting an international investment agreement (IIA), bilateral investment treaty (BIT) and investment contract that provide assurance for the protection of indigenous people, ensuring the promulgation of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Bill and Amend the Investment Law and Establish Implementing Regulations related to the Job Creation Law which enforce the concept of indigenous community protection in relation foreign investment activities.
Abstrak
Masyarakat adat di Indonesia masih terpinggirkan karena sebagian besar masih miskin dan tertindas akibat ketimpangan sumber penghidupan. Di sisi lain, tidak jarang kegiatan penanaman modal asing merusak lingkungan sekitar termasuk masyarakat adat. Artikel ini membahas interaksi antara hak-hak masyarakat adat dan peraturan penanaman modal asing di Indonesia dan apa yang harus dilakukan Pemerintah Indonesia untuk menyeimbangkan kebutuhan untuk meningkatkan ekonomi nasional dan melindungi masyarakat adat. Untuk menjawabnya, pasal-pasal tersebut menjelaskan dan memetakan peraturan internasional dan nasional yang berkaitan dengan masyarakat adat dan penanaman modal asing. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis untuk menunjukkan bagaimana Pemerintah Indonesia dapat meningkatkan perlindungan hak-hak masyarakat adat terkait dengan kegiatan investasi asing di Indonesia. Ditemukan bahwa Indonesia telah meratifikasi Konvensi Internasional yang memberikan perlindungan terhadap masyarakat adat termasuk yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan investasi (ekonomi) asing. Untuk memastikan implementasinya beberapa langkah harus diambil yaitu: mengadopsi perjanjian investasi internasional (IIA), perjanjian investasi bilateral (BIT) dan kontrak investasi yang memberikan jaminan perlindungan masyarakat adat, memastikan pengesahan RUU Hak Masyarakat Adat dan Perubahan UU Penanaman Modal dan Menetapkan Peraturan Pelaksana terkait UU Cipta Kerja yang memberlakukan konsep perlindungan masyarakat adat dalam kaitannya dengan kegiatan penanaman modal asing.
 
IMPLEMENTATION OF A JUDGE'S DECISION REGARDING THE EVIDENCE STATUS IN CRIMINAL CASES RELATED TO BANKRUPTCY CONFISCATION
Get PDFThis article discusses criminal acts with the characteristics of a large number of victims and losses, one of which is the case of PT First Travel and Abu Tour with the same motive and article being charged. For the purposes of examining criminal cases since the preliminary examination stage, the process of confiscating evidence has been carried out, including goods which are the object of a crime, proceeds of a crime and other goods related to a crime, including goods in bankruptcy confiscation. The issues discussed are the application of the status of evidence in criminal cases related to bankruptcy confiscated goods in a judge's decision and efforts to return evidence in meeting the victim's loss due to a crime. Using the normative juridical research method, it was concluded that the consideration of judges, which is one of the most important aspects in determining the realization of the value of a judge's decision, was not carried out carefully and thoroughly, one of which was in decisions 3096 K/Pid.Sus/2018 and 3127 K/PID.SUS/2019 which makes no sense at all. Efforts are needed to return the confiscated evidence from the victim to overcome the losses suffered, in several ways, namely improving the search and filing administration system for evidence subject to confiscation from the investigation stage so that the case files at the prosecutor's office are included if there is already a bankruptcy confiscation
PENERAPAN SISTEM ANTI PENCUCIAN UANG DALAM PENANGANAN PERKARA TINDAK PIDANA PEMBALAKAN LIAR
Get PDFABSTRAK
Sejumlah kasus tindak pidana pembalakan liar diikuti dengan tindak pidana pencucian uang (TPPU). Beberapa indikasi dari kasus-kasus tersebut adalah dengan dimanfaatkannya sektor jasa keuangan, terutama bank untuk mentrasfer dana-dana yang diperoleh dari tindak pidana tersebut. Dalam penanganan TPPU, pendekatan follow the money dikedepankan untuk mendeteksi adanya transaksi keuangan mencurigakan sebagai bagian dari sistem anti pencucian uang (APU). Selain itu, sistem APU juga mewajibkan penyedia jasa keuangan untuk menerapkan prinsip kehati-hatian dalam setiap transaksi keuangan. Sejumlah lembaga seperti Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK), penegak hukum, dan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan (KLHK) terlibat dalam upaya pencegahan dan pemberantasan TPPU dengan tindak pidana asal pembalakan liar. Akan tetapi, berdasarkan hasil analisis, koordinasi antar lembaga, perbedaan persepsi, penerapan multidoor approach, dan ketidakpatuhan penyedia jasa keuangan dalam mendukung sistem APU masih menjadi kendala yang harus diselesaikan. Untuk mengatasinya, maka perlu dilakukan upaya mengoptimalkan pendekatan follow the money dengan meningkatkan pemahaman penegak hukum tentang pendekatan ini, mendorong koordinasi antar lembaga-lembaga yang terlibat dengan mengoptimalkan upaya multi-door approach, serta meningkatkan kepatuhan lembaga penyedia jasa keuangan dalam menerapkan sistem APU. Analisis dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis sejumlah peraturan perundang-undangan terkait, studi kasus, serta penelitian literatur yang terkait dengan permasalahan dalam penelitian ini.
Kata kunci: tindak pidana pencucian uang; tindak pidana pembalakan liar; sistem anti pencucian uang.
ABSTRACT
Several illegal logging cases are followed by money laundering. Some indications of money laundering in those illegal logging cases are the uses of financial service sector, especially banking to transfer money from proceed of crime. In handling money laundering, follow the money approach is using to detect suspicious transaction as a part of anti-money laundering system. Furthermore, anti-money laundering system also requires financial service provider to implement precarious principles in financial transaction. Several institutions, such as anti-money laundering agency (PPATK), law enforcement institution, and Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) are involved in preventing and combating money laundering with illegal logging as the predicate offence. According to the analyzes, coordination among institutions, different perceptions, lack of implementation of multi-door approach and lack of implementation on anti-money laundering system by financial service provider become obstacles in combating those crimes. To deal with the obstacles, several efforts are proposed such as by enhancing law enforcer understanding on follow the money principle, promoting coordination among the institutions to implement multi-door approach, and enhancing conformity of financial service provider in implementing anti-money laundering system. To conduct the analyzes, literature research, statutory research, and case study are used as the methodology of research.
Keywords: money laundering; illegal logging; anti money laundering system.
 
CIVILIAN AIRCRAFT TRANSPONDER MANIPULATION IN RECONNAISSANCE MISSIONS, AERIAL INCIDENTS CASES AND CHICAGO CONVENTION 1944
Get PDFThroughout 2020, the People's Republic of China (PRC) stated that the United States (US) manipulated the electronic identity code of its military aircraft (transponder code) over the South China Sea by using the identity of a civilian aircraft to carry out reconnaissance missions. The discussion of the incidents has faded in the past two years, even being regarded by some observers as a 'common' practice having been used since the Cold War era by the US. These incidents have never been heard to reappear in the South China Sea situation. However, the escalation of reconnaissance practices heated up again after a PRC's high altitude balloon was shot down by a US fighter jet over the US's territorial sea on February 4, 2023. The US had claimed that the aircraft was on a spy mission. This incident could be a starting point for the US to resume the practices throughout 2020 by imprisoning civilian aircraft in the South China Sea or even on the PRC's mainland because this practice is considered 'common' on the US side. By using the international legal research method, in which international legal sources are juxtaposed with the current context in the field, this article concludes that the practice of manipulating civil transponder codes cannot be justified as a 'common' practice because it is endangered the civil aviation and contrary to the Chicago Convention 1944
PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN INDONESIA DALAM MENANGANI PENCEMARAN ASAP LINTAS BATAS DITINJAU DARI ASEAN AGREEMENT ON TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE POLLUTION (AATHP): INDONESIA'S RESPONSIBILITY IN MANAGING CROSS-BORDER SMOKE POLLUTION REVIEW FROM ASEAN AGREEMENT ON TRANSBOUNDARY HAZE POLLUTION (AATHP)
Get PDFABSTRAK
Kasus kebakaran hutan Indonesia yang sering kali merugikan negara tetangga menyebabkan ASEAN membutuhkan suatu aturan untuk mencegah dan mengurangi polusi asap lintas batas akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan tersebut sehingga dibentuklah ASEAN Agreement on Transboundart Haze Pollution pada tahun 2002. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang menggunakan bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia sudah memiliki peraturan perundang-undangan yang mendukung dan selaras dengan tujuan dari AATHP namun, perlu didukung kembali dengan kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah yang lebih tegas sehingga kasus kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia yang menyebabkan kerugian terhadap negara lain dapat dikurangi.
Kata kunci: AATHP; Kabut Asap Lintas Negara; Tanggung jawab Negara; Indonesia; Hukum Lingkungan Internasional.
ABSTRACT
The case of Indonesian forest fires that often harm neighboring countries causes ASEAN to need a regulation to prevent and reduce transboundary haze pollution due to forest and land fires so that the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution was formed in 2002. This type of research is a normative legal research that uses primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The results of the study show that Indonesia already has laws and regulations that support and are in line with the objectives of AATHP, however, it needs to be supported again with stricter government policies so that cases of forest and land fires in Indonesia that cause losses to other countries can be reduced.
Keywords: AATHP, Transnational Haze, State Responsibility, Indonesia, International Environmental Law
THE DOMINANT POSITION OF MARKETPLACES IN COOPERATION AGREEMENTS WITH MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES (MSEs) REFERRED TO THE PRINCIPLE OF BALANCE
Get PDFAs one of the pillars supporting the economy in Indonesia, Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) are an instrument of economic development and equitable distribution of community welfare. MSEs have a very important role in moving the wheels of the national economy. Currently, MSEs in running their business cannot be separated from information technology facilities, one of which is through the marketplace. However, in the implementation of transactions through the marketplace, there are problems in terms of making agreements between the marketplace and MSEs where there is a dominant position of one of the parties. The research method used in this research is normative juridical by focusing on library law research. The results show that in electronic transactions there is an imbalance in the position between the marketplace and the seller, including MSEs, which causes the position of MSEs to be vulnerable and the position is not balanced. In the cooperation agreement, there are terms and conditions that force MSEs to agree to all agreements determined unilaterally by the marketplace. Therefore, the role of the government is needed to assist and protect MSEs so that they are not disadvantaged by certain parties and can play an optimal role in the national economy
Filsafat Hukum Serta Perannya dalam Rangka Perlindungan Anak
Get PDFManusia dijadikan objek filsafat untuk ditelaah secara mendalam dari berbagai sisi, salah satunya menelaah terkait dengan tingkah laku manusia. Filsafat menjadi dasar seseorang untuk mengetahui dan meresapi makna hidup yang lebih sadar sebagai insan manusia. Setiap manusia akan selalu berproses dalam kehidupannya, salah satu prosesnya yaitu ketika seseorang berada dalam masa kanak-kanak karena akan berpengaruh pada saat dewasa kelak. Anak sebagai amanah yang diberikan oleh Tuhan senantiasa perlu dijaga karena dalam dirinya terdapat harkat, martabat, dan hak-hak sebagai manusia. Anak memiliki hak untuk hidup, hak untuk mendapatkan pendidikan, termasuk hak untuk dilindungi. Masih banyak anak tidak mendapatkan perlindungan penuh dari berbagai pihak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian hukum normatif dan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa seseorang yang mempelajari filsafat hukum dapat membawa dirinya untuk menemukan terhadap apa yang benar-benar dimaksud dengan hukum itu sendiri. Diperlukan suatu peran filsafat sebagai landasar dalam mempelajari hukum demi terciptanya perlindungan terhadap anak. Filsafat hukum relevan untuk membangun kondisi hukum yang sebenarnya, sebab tugas filsafat hukum adalah menjelaskan nilai dasar hukum secara filosofis yang mampu memformulasikan cita-cita keadilan, ketertiban di dalam kehidupan yang relevan dengan pernyataan-kenyataan hukum yang berlaku terutama dalam rangka perlindungan terhadap anak
OPTIMALISASI METODE DIGITAL FORENSIK SEBAGAI UPAYA PENGEMBALIAN ASET NEGARA HASIL TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DALAM BENTUK BITCOIN
Get PDFPesatnya perkembangan teknologi membawa dampak positif seperti ditemukannya mata uang virtual (cryptocurrency), salah satunya yaitu Bitcoin. Sistem Bitcoin yang memiliki jaminan kerahasiaan dan perlindungan ternyata menghadirkan dampak negatif seperti penyalahgunaan fasilitas jaminan untuk melakukan pencucian aset hasil tindak pidana korupsi. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan para penegak hukum mengalami kesulitan dalam upaya pemulihan asset negara (asset recovery). Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas mengenai cara pencegahan dan penanganan permasalahan tersebut melalui optimalisasi digital forensik. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas pula mengenai kasus korupsi PT. Asuransi Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia (PT. ASABRI) dimana beberapa tersangka diduga telah melakukan pengelolaan dana asuransi untuk dikorupsi kemudian disalurkan ke dalam bentuk Bitcoin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif dan teknik pengumpulan data berupa Penelitian Kepustakaan dan Penelitian Virtual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa optimalisasi digital forensik dapat dilakukan melalui 3 aspek yaitu penguatan regulasi, peningkatan skill akuntan forensik dalam dunia digital, serta penguatan kerjasama antar lembaga seperti Pusat Pelaporan dan Analisis Transaksi Keuangan (PPATK) dengan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) dan Kejaksaan
Doxing untuk Malicious Purposes vs Doxing untuk Political Purposes: Urgensi Pengklasifikasian Ancaman Hukuman Bagi Para Pelaku Doxing dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 27 Tahun 2022 tentang Perlindungan Data Pribadi
Get PDFAlong with the massive use of social media by Indonesians, cases of doxing using social media are also common. The purpose of doxing varies from wanting to humiliate someone to seeking justice in the public interest. The enactment of Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection (PDP Law) is expected to provide reliable regulations related to personal data issues, but in fact, the PDP Law has not been able to provide legal certainty, especially for doxing actors to demand justice in the public interest. UU PDP generalizes that the activity of disclosing personal data or doxing is prohibited and punishable by criminal law. By using the normative juridical research method and a case study of doxing in the Mario Dandy (MDS) persecution case against D, this paper will discuss the importance of classifying doxing based on its form and purpose in the PDP Law. The results of this study show that doxing consists of three categories based on its purpose, which is doxing for malicious purpose, doxing for political purpose, and doxing for self-regulation doxing. Based on this categorization, it is necessary to differentiate the punishment for doxing actors