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Investigating influences on the strain – axle load relationship in asphalt pavement using Finite Element Modelling
Get PDFCurrent pavement maintenance strategies are reliant oninvasive measurements or visual inspection. Fibre-WIM sensors can improve this by measuring strain,which can be used to calculate axle loads. However,this process is not simple. Finite Element Modelling isused to study several circumstantial influences on thestrain – axle load relationship. These factors arecombined into a predicting function, which can berefined so that it can be used to calculate axle loads.This allows for more insight in pavement deterioration.Other than describing the results of the Finite ElementModel, the implications for sustainable pavementmaintenance are discussed
Table of contents
Get PDFVolume 19, Issue 1.
Effects of driverless vehicles – Comparing simulations to get a broader picture Pages 1-23 A. Pernestål and I. Kristoffersson
A study on parking supply optimization in central business districts considering the two-way interaction between car traveling and parking Pages 24-42 Z. Yang and D. Chen
Case study on effects of the mandatory validation on bus commercial speed Pages 43-59 C. Pronello, J. B. Gaborieau, V. Rappazzo and V. Operti
Evaluating the external costs of a modal shift from rail to sea: An application to Sweden’s East coast container movements Pages 60-76 I. Vierth. V. Sowa and K. Cullinan
Public-private partnerships for infrastructure: Lessons learned from Dutch and Flemish PhD-theses
Get PDFIn recent years, a considerable number of PhD-dissertations have appeared in the Netherland and Flanders (Belgium) on Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) for the provision of public infrastructures such as transport infrastructure and public buildings. These PhD-theses provide valuable insights into how PPPs perform and especially into the conditions that influence their performance. We identified four clusters of relevant conditions: (1) public procurement procedures, (2) contract management, (3) transaction costs, and (4) democratic legitimacy and accountability. By discussing the theses in this article, their lessons learned become available for the international PPP-community. Our analysis of the PhD-theses shows that there are no definite arguments for or against the use of PPPs. The performance of PPP-arrangements depends on agency: on the skills and commitment of parties involved and on the way in which the arrangements are applied. The dissertations show that policymakers have to find ways to balance the need to reduce transaction costs through contract standardization with the need for tailor- made solutions in specific projects. Furthermore, the dissertations show that ‘soft’ contract management aspects, such as the quality of collaborative behavior and process management, are particularly important for the performance of PPPs. Finally, the theses bring to the fore the democratic issues involved in PPPs, showing their mixed results in terms of legitimacy and accountability
Reading(s) and Writing(s): Unfolding Processes of Transversal Writing
Get PDFThis issue of Writingplace Journal, Reading(s) and Writing(s), focuses on the complex process of writing itself, and in particular on the question of reading and responding to texts. By presenting not only resulting texts, but discreet readings of works in process integrated with the discussions that unfold, the issue reveals complex modes of writing that move between the scholarly and the fictional. It draws attention to the questions of authorial voice, the voice of the reader, and the voice of the possible protagonists of the text, even if this as an object, space or indeed, place. If the authors could be said to engage in various acts of ‘writing place’, as per this journal’s general thematic focus, what kinds of places do they bring into existence? Furthermore, which modes of writing are deemed most appropriate in order to create both evocative and critical accounts of places?
Driven by a concern to reinvigorate space-related research through the means of writing, the texts in this issue have evolved through the collaborations of a group of affiliated thinkers and practitioners, within a series of reading and writing workshops in the context of the project Transversal Writing.2 Challenging the means and formats of conventional academic writing, this project sets out to transgress the hierarchies between academic and non-academic knowledge, theory and practice, discipline and profession. Contesting the reification of architecture that maintains that the building is a discrete object – whose values are materialized through real estate, limits defined by property borders and agency reduced to profit-making – what we call ‘transversal writing’ traces the lines of connection between architectural conceptions and their effects, between decisions and materializations, forms and affordances. The project acknowledges how architecture is shaped by words, imagery and ideas long before it is transformed into bricks and mortar. Recognizing architecture as a product of the collective imaginary – an act of human creation – is to identify the potentiality in how words, images and physical entities have a capacity to proliferate, spread and generate unforeseeable effects, far beyond the intentions of the architect
Ordinary Walking, Ordinary Writing: Some Thoughts in Preparation for an Essay as Yet Unwritten
Get PDFNaomi Stead pursues a theoretical inquiry into the relationship between writing and walking based on author’s previous ficto-critical texts based in Stockholm, Sydney and Brisbane. The text was inspired by a small article that appeared in the daily newspaper in Melbourne, Australia in March 2018, which described the effect of different linguistic formulations used by phone dispatchers at ambulance stations, when someone telephoned in need of urgent medical attention. The story was about the difference between the dispatcher asking ‘what happened’ – which tended to send the caller off into a longwinded narrative account with much extraneous detail – and when the dispatcher asked ‘what’s happened’ – which caused the caller to report, quickly and directly, the sequence of events that had led to the medical emergency. The difference between these two modes of communication – the division of ‘what’ and ‘what’s,’ the single letter – was measured in long seconds, even minutes, and could easily be the difference between life and death.
This text is introduced by a reading compiled by Robin Wilso
Mumeisha Machiya Kyoto (JP)
Get PDFMachiya are traditional wooden dwellings that are still very common in Japanese cities. The combination of dwelling and work space is anchored in the genesis of this dwelling type, which was built by the merchants and craftsmen of old. The original use included the display of goods in the shop (mise) on the street side and living space for families in the rooms at the back. The sleeping quarters of the staff were on the upper floor and kimonos and other valuable possessions were kept safe in the storage room (kura), the ‘treasury’ at the back of the courtyard. The urban structure consists of a grid of squares, with the machiya forming more or less closed building blocks. In some cases blocks are dissected by smaller streets and divided into fragments.
Mumeisha Machiya, a beautiful example of a largely traditional machiya, was built in 1909 by a family of silk traders named Yoshida. Machiya stand side by side on narrow, deep plots, with one or more patios providing outdoor space and daylight. Characteristic is the toriniwa, the long corridor along the side wall. In Mumeisha Machiya, the toriniwa successively houses the entrance, a waiting room, a well, the kitchen and closets and opens onto the backyard, near the kura. Its floor is stone-like and outdoor shoes are worn here, unlike in the slightly higher spaces that are covered in tatami mats or wood. The toriniwa is ‘neither inside nor outside’. It threads the rooms of the house together and embodies the gradual transition from the public space of the street to the private space at the back. The urban logistic system of main streets, side streets and alleys ends in the toriniwa, where a curtain and sliding doors are passed as one slowly works one’s way into the private domain.Een machiya is een traditionele houten woning die in Japanse steden nog veel voorkomt. De combinatie wonen/werken is verankerd in de ontstaansgeschiedenis van dit woningtype, dat werd gebouwd door koop- en ambachtslieden. In het oorspronkelijke gebruik werden de goederen uitgestald in de winkel (mise) aan de straat, het wonen gebeurde in de vertrekken daarachter, personeel sliep op de verdieping en de kimono’s en andere waardevolle bezittingen waren veilig opgeslagen in de berging (kura) als ‘schatkamer’ achter op het erf. De stedelijke structuur bestaat uit een grid van vierkanten waarbij de machiya een min of meer gesloten bouwblok vormen. Soms wordt dat bouwblok doorsneden door kleinere straten en opgedeeld in fragmenten.
Mumeisha Machiya is een prachtig voorbeeld met een grotendeels traditionele opzet, gebouwd in 1909 door de familie Yoshida die handelde in zijde. Machiya staan zij aan zij op smalle, diepe kavels, waarbij een of meerdere patio’s voorzien in buitenruimte en daglicht. Kenmerkend is de toriniwa, de lange gang langs de zijwand. In Mumeisha Machiya bevat de toriniwa opeenvolgend de ingang, een wachtruimte, een waterput, de keuken, kastruimten en ze eindigt op de achterplaats bij de kura. De vloer is steenachtig en wordt met schoenen betreden, anders dan de iets hoger gelegen ruimten die met tatami-matten of houten delen bedekt zijn. De toriniwa is ‘niet binnen’ en ‘niet buiten’. Hij rijgt de ruimten van de woning aaneen en vormt de graduele overgang tussen de straat als publieke ruimte en de privéruimten verder naar achter. Het logistieke systeem van hoofdstraten, zijstraten en stegen mondt uit in de toriniwa, waarin je een gordijn en schuifdeuren passeert om langzaam door te dringen tot het privédomein
Quartier Masséna Parijs (FR): Christian de Portzamparc & Jean-Philippe Pargade, Gaëlle Péneau, Catherine Furet, Antoine Stinco
Get PDFIn 2007 Paris saw the completion of the Quartier Masséna, a district consisting of 17 urban blocks, a park (Jardins Grands Moulins Abbé Pierre) and a number of transformed existing buildings (Bibliothèque des Grands Moulins, Université Paris Diderot and artists’ breeding ground Les Frigos) on its left bank. In his master plan Christian de Portzamparc used the principle of the îlot ouvert (Open Block) to organize dwellings and work spaces and to provide residents with a rich, collective outdoor space. The îlot ouvert is best described as a fragmented closed building block. Rather than forming a single urban volume, the building mass of an îlot ouvert is distributed over a number of buildings that in turn comprise different volumes of varying height and form. The collective outdoor space is accessed via patios in – and openings between – the buildings, which are closed off from the public street by fencing that follows the building line of the urban block.
The îlot ouvert directly to the north of the university buildings demonstrates what block fragmentation can do for the dwelling and work space ratio. Here, four architects have designed four buildings, one on each corner of the urban block. The architects used the design freedom provided them to design totally different buildings. They each chose their own access and building typology, determined the assembly of the volumes and the material palette, and established how functions are organized at the building level. The way the volumes relate to their surroundings at ground level is also different.In 2007 kwam aan de Parijse rive gauche Quartier Masséna gereed, een wijk die bestaat uit 17 stedelijke bouwblokken, een park (Jardins Grands Moulins Abbé Pierre) en enkele getransformeerde bestaande gebouwen (Bibliothèque des Grands Moulins, Université Paris Diderot en kunstenaarsbroedplaats Les Frigos). Christian de Portzamparc gebruikte in zijn masterplan het principe van het îlot ouvert (open bouwblok) om het werken en wonen te organiseren, en een rijke collectieve buitenruimte voor de bewoners te introduceren. Het îlot ouvert laat zich het best omschrijven als een versnipperd gesloten bouwblok. In plaats van één stedelijk volume valt de bouwmassa in een îlot ouvert uiteen in verschillende gebouwen, die op hun beurt weer zijn samengesteld uit verschillende volumes van uiteenlopende hoogte en vorm. Het collectieve binnenterrein wordt bereikt via patio’s in – en openingen tussen – de gebouwen, die zijn afgesloten van de openbare straat door middel van hekwerken in de rooilijn van het stedelijk bouwblok.
Wat deze versnippering van het bouwblok kan betekenen voor de verhouding wonen/werken, laat het îlot ouvert direct ten noorden van de universiteitsgebouwen zien. Vier architecten hebben hier vier gebouwen ontworpen die elk een hoek van het stedelijk blok innemen. Elke architect heeft de geboden ontwerpvrijheid gebruikt om totaal van elkaar verschillende gebouwen te ontwerpen. Ze hebben ieder een eigen ontsluitingsen gebouwtypologie gekozen, een volume-opbouw en materialenpalet bepaald en een functieverdeling op gebouwniveau vastgesteld. Ook de aansluiting op het maaiveld is per gebouw verschillend
Introduction
Get PDFThis chapter provides an introduction to the research. The research topic and the research aspects are briefly introduced. The changing role of the architect in the field of bridge design is analysed in an historical context. The role of the commissioning authorities is introduced. The problem of segregation of knowledge is introduced. The objectives and research questions are stated, a hypothesis is formulated and the methodology is discussed. Furthermore, an outline of the dissertation is provided
Shaping Forces: Review of two bridge design methodologies towards architectural and structural symbiosis
Get PDFThis paper investigates the symbiotic relationship between the architectural appearance of a bridge and the structural design. The research is done by reviewing and comparing the design methodology employed by the first author in the conceptualization of two of his bridges; an early work from 1997 and a recent work from 2017. The review of the early work describes a design methodology that could be described as intuitive design, whereas the later work is the result of computational from-finding and optimization. Parallels are drawn and the historical development of the toolbox of the architect and the engineer is described. The paper analysis the way the two designs were achieved by looking from the perspective of the architect and that of the engineer. The paper concludes by identifying the key design considerations to achieve a beautiful yet structurally sound bridge. The question whether beauty can be the sole result of a rational design process towards the most efficient form according to the laws of mechanics, is addressed. This paper demonstrate the belief that when it comes to the design of a bridge, architecture and structure, form and force, are involved in an interdependable and symbiotic relationship
A Pattern Language of Self Construction
Get PDFLabor in favelas was not acknowledged by architects and planners because of the interpretation of the definition of the informal settlement and the slum. Also, by architectural practice and parochial theories, which affect the production of planners and architects. The definition of slums as spaces lacking sanitation and infrastructural components is deeply rooted in both theoretical and institutional definitions of the informal settlement. Nevertheless, the spaces of slums and informal settlements are much more complex and include social-economic aspects of everyday life of its inhabitants. Interpretative tools and intellectual frames are needed to open new perspectives and epistemologies in the field of architecture that are capable to address the needs of únderpriviledged people. This is the ethos of the methodology designed to study informal settlements in the present study.
The finding that work is a fundamental element shaping space dynamics of informal settlement is based on an ethnographic research. To investigate how the social actions of the inhabitants shape them, methodological tools of anthropology (such as ethnography, interviews, oral history) rooted in De Certeau (and participatory research) were combined to the methodology of the Pattern Language (and with methodological tools of architecture such as drawing) to highlight the importance of social practices as shapers of space in in contexts in which the socio-spatial dynamics are not familiar to architects and planners, such as informal settlements.
This methodology is underpinned by architectural imagination and intellectual reflection. It is the architectural imagination that allow architects and planners to create instruments to understand and represent space and new interpretative frames to study space. As for example, the perspective, which was invented when architects such as Bruneleschi experimented to draw over a mirror in a Plaza, in order to represent proportion, focal points and drain lines in the Renaissance Period
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