TU Delft Open Access Journals
Not a member yet
3113 research outputs found
Sort by
City as an Accumulation of Reconstruction: Planning History of Kamaishi, a City Constantly Hit by Disasters, Mainly Tsunami
Get PDFKamaishi in Iwate Prefecture has suffered devastating damage on several occasions, including the 1896 Meiji Sanriku tsunami, the 1933 Showa Sanriku tsunami, the 1945 naval bombardment during W.W. II and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. It has recovered each time. The purpose of this paper is to organise the history of reconstruction planning and urban development in Kamaishi and to identify the characteristics of Kamaishi’s landscape and urban space in terms of disaster and reconstruction. As a result, temples, shrines and public facilities have been moved and new infrastructure has been developed repeatedly after each disaster in the Kamaishi area in modern times. These have generated a landscape typical of Kamaishi, centred on wide streets that form a vertical axis connecting the coast and the highlands, and have been accumulated as the history of the land in each place. The urban space of Kamaishi has been woven into the will to evacuate through repeated experiences of disaster and reconstruction. In the reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake, new layers and facilities were added for commercial recovery and residential reconstruction, but the underlying tone was aimed at building a network of evacuation routes
Using location based social media data to explain COVID-19 spread in Italy
Get PDFDuring crisis, social network data is valuable information for authorities and researchers. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, a significant amount of data, including mobility-related data, has been released from various agencies to support studies. This paper aims to check the suitability of mobility-related datasets in describing and predicting new cases, about the spatial dimension during the initial phase of the outbreak. We focus on rich anonymized datasets through Facebook – Data for Good program: colocation matrices, movement matrices and stay-at-home data. However, we also compare their usability with a traditional Origin-Destination matrix. Our test case is Italy, the second country hit after China, where the infection spread irregularly from a few northern provinces to rest of Italy and abroad. Our regression models explain the number of actual new cases at the provincial level (corresponding to NUTS-3) by three groups of variables: active cases proxying local infections, interprovincial mobility proxying the arrival of cases from outside, and the degree of people staying at home proxying infections from cohabitants. The variants among the models consist of different measures of interprovincial mobility, thus allowing us to confront them. The result is the inclusion of time-dependent mobility data improving the significance of model and is effective in explaining irregular rise of cases in different parts of the country. Moreover, colocation results as the best measure. From a policy perspective, results show that mobility restrictions help reduce the geographical spread of infection at the very beginning, but once the outbreak, the interprovincial mobility becomes less relevant
Experiences of Ecological and Participatory Wetland Restoration in the Guanacache Lagoons in the Cuyo Region of Argentina
Get PDFThis article presents the results of ecological restoration actions with the participation of native Huarpe communities in the Ramsar Site " Lagoons of Guanacache, Desaguadero and Bebedero" in the province of Mendoza, in the Cuyo region of Argentina. Since 2011, the project has been working with local people to restore the wetlands in the area. In order to accumulate rainwater as a filling source and trap sediment to recover the old lagoon bottoms degraded by erosion, hydraulic structures were designed, embankments with clayey material, surfaced and suitably fixed to the lateral ravines of the gullies intervened. A total of 14 restoration projects were built in different degraded areas of lagoons and marshes associated with the Desaguadero River. With these interventions, some 1000 ha of wetlands are being restored, which has contributed to improve the associated biodiversity and to recover ecosystem services, such as access to fresh water and improved grazing for livestock production, the main economic activity of the local community. Thanks to this initiative, some 300 families living in the area have benefited in environmental and economic terms
Het handschrift van L.P. Roodbaard: Ontwerpprincipes van Noord-Nederlandse landschapsparken in de eerste helft van de 19e eeuw
No full textHet oeuvre van de tuin- en landschapsarchitect Lucas Pieters Roodbaard (1782-1851) is toonaangevend voor de Noord-Nederlandse landschapsparken uit de eerste helft van de 19de eeuw. Zijn oeuvre is te verdelen in drie categorieën: openbare wandelparken, landschapsparken bij buitenplaatsen en landschapstuinen bij (stads) villa’s. Aan de hand van ruimtelijk architectonisch onderzoek is een schat aan oorspronkelijke plantekeningen uitgebreid gedocumenteerd en geanalyseerd om zo tot de kern van de ontwerpmethode van Roodbaard te komen. Daarmee is zijn vorminstrumentarium, ook wel de ‘meetkundige gereedschapskist’ ontrafeld. Het heeft geresulteerd in zes compositorische ontwerpprincipes. Dankzij dit onderzoek en de nieuwe inzichten in Roodbaards handschrift kan een aantal landschapsparken worden geïdentificeerd en aan zijn oeuvre worden toegevoegd. Het gaat daarbij niet alleen om Roodbaards collectie van landschapsparken, maar ook om de samenhang van deze collectie met het omliggende historische cultuurlandschap. Dit overzicht biedt handvatten om het oeuvre van Roodbaard aan te duiden als een buitenplaatsenlandschap dat een samenhangend tuinen landschapsarchitectonisch ensemble vormt in het Noord-Nederlandse cultuurlandschap. Dit ‘parkachtige’ landschap, ook bekend als de Noordelijke Lustwarande, is grotendeels gelegen in het kustlandschap dat grenst aan het Unesco Werelderfgoed Waddenzee. In de epiloog is een proeve van een reconstructie van een ontbrekende ontwerptekening gemaakt voor het landschapspark De Braak te Paterswolde. Het vormt de opmaat voor de integrale reconstructie van deze bijzondere collectie groen erfgoed
Chinese Notions of Public Space: Transculturation in Urban Design and Architecture after the ‘Reform and Opening-up’ in 1978
Get PDFThis thesis investigates the understanding and implementation of public space in the reformed Chinese context, particularly from the perspectives of urban design and architecture, by referring to the complex process and result of transculturation (transculturación). It delineates how public space as a Greco-Roman originated concept traversed the urban and architectural cultures of post-reform China, merging and negotiating with the local conditions, and evolved into a new phenomenon in Chinese urban design and architecture. By analysing public space as a cultural phenomenon, carrying specific meaning, through specific concepts and designs, this doctoral research develops an interpretative framework within which the meanings and transculturation of public space in Chinese urban design and architecture can be understood and elucidates potential for future urban design and architectural practices. Theoretically, it moves beyond the conventional research on public space that is primarily based on Western thoughts, an Indo-European notion, and a Greco-Roman tradition. Practically, it paves the way for future development of the design of public space, highlighting the cultural, social, and spatial dynamics in Chinese cities vis-à-vis the related political, economic, and governmental conditions within the context of ongoing globalisation
A novel design method for wave-induced fatigue of flood gates
Get PDFThis paper presents a novel design method to predict fatigue of flood gates due to dynamic wave loading. The accumulation of fatigue damage is predicted probabilistically over the entire lifetime of the structure rather than with a set of normative events. Load events are defined using a joint probability distribution of historical wind and water level data. The random phase-amplitude model is employed to obtain realisations of the wave state for every combination of environmental conditions. Linear wave theory and pressure-impulse theory are used to predict both quasi-steady and highly dynamic wave pressures. The stress response of the structure is predicted with a hybrid semi-analytical and finite element model. By applying a mode matching technique the fluid-structure interaction is solved in a computationally efficient manner. This facilitates the large number of simulations required for a comprehensive fatigue analysis without making concessions in the physical modelling. The fatigue damage is then evaluated with the linear Palmgren-Miner method by applying a rainflow algorithm. A Monte Carlo analysis is performed to estimate the expected fatigue lifetime of the structure. The modular structure of the model routine allows for easy adaptation to other situations where fatigue due to hydrodynamic loading is of interest. The design method is applied to a case study of a flood gate with an overhang inspired by the situation at the Afsluitdijk. Non-fundamental modes are taken into account without simplification of the fluid-structure interaction process and found to be governing for the fatigue damage for the studied case. Moreover, the interference of vibrations due to consecutive wave impacts is shown to have a significant influence on the outcome of the fatigue assessment. For the case study, the design method leads to a 10-20% reduction of the governing fatigue damage compared to a method commonly used in practice. At specific locations on the flood gate fatigue damage is found to be underestimated by current design methods. The presented design method is therefore found to be a significant improvement
Understanding comfort and health of outpatient workers in hospitals, a mixed-methods study
Get PDFAgainst the backdrop of an increasing need for healthcare, staff shortages and relatively high rates of sick leave, understanding of wellbeing (comfort and health) of hospital workers is important. This research aims to provide a contribution, through a mixed-methods approach, with broad and in-depth insights into comfort and health. Therefore, data have been collected from questionnaires, building inspections, interviews, and photos, and analysed with several techniques. Personal, work, and building-related aspects were included in data collection, because a preliminary literature review identified mutual relations with comfort and health. As previous studies on outpatient workers were missing, while staff is generally less satisfied with comfort than patients, this research focuses on staff in outpatient areas. To gain insights into the outpatient workers’ comfort and health, four important aspects are highlighted: differences in comfort in relation to room types, occupant profiles differentiated by the individuals’ preferences and satisfaction, changes of preferences due to contextual changes, and associations of health with building-related aspects. This research builds on previous studies which identified indoor environmental quality (IEQ) profiles of home occupants and school children. New are social comfort profiles, comparison between room types and contextual influence on preferences, as well as the studied occupant group and building. The study enables academical and practical exploration of preferences and perceptions of comfort and their integration in the design process.
AnneMarie Eijkelenboom, architect with 25 years’ experience, is determined to improve wellbeing of occupants through expansion and integration of academical knowledge and practical experience in design of buildings
Cyberneticisation as a Theory and Practice of Matter
Get PDFThe ecological implementation of cybernetic ideas in architecture requires a material theory and practice that enables their propositions to be tested. The need for approaches that move from simulation to cybernetic reality is a documented limitation of cybernetics recognised by Stafford Beer with his pond ecology experiments and Gordon Pask through electrochemical devices. While both experimented with adaptive material platforms as embodiments of designed cybernetic systems, their approaches were limited by the available toolsets. This article considers an ecological trajectory of cybernetisation by revisiting notions of biological computation as a generative material practice. In particular, the growing fields of biodesign and living architecture go beyond notions of biological analogues that inform modern architecture by directly incorporating living systems into the very fabric of buildings as designed expressions of ecology
Systems and Relations All the Way Down, All the Way Across
Get PDFThis article proposes a hyper-relational theory of the world, conjoining cybernetics, information theory, general systems theory, the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari and quantum physics in order to show that systems and relations go all the way down, all the way across. I give an exposition of Shannon’s information theory, and draw connections with quantum mechanics. The work of Bertalanffy is discussed and its relationship to philosophy and quantum mechanics outlined. I then critique the naïve, realist account of reality; what is proposed in its place is a hyper-relational ontology whereby entities (being) are epiphenomena of relations (becoming). The implications of this ontology in relation to architecture are discussed by contrasting it with, on the one hand, a hylomorphic approach to the essence of architecture (which foregrounds entities) and, on the other, a hermeneutic approach (which foregrounds meaning). Buildings are epiphenomena of broader political, interpersonal, ecological and essentially relational matters, assemblages, systems and interplays, and this hyper-relationality is the ontology of architecture
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage Open Research Online? Become a CORE Member to access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard! 👇