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Perceived car dependence and multimodality in urban areas in Flanders (Belgium)
Get PDFIn this study, we test the extent to which people who reside in hypothetically car-independent neighbourhoods travel multimodally and perceive themselves as car dependent. We used the Flemish region as our study case, and defined a car-independent neighbourhood as an area with a high node and a high place value. A cluster analysis with four constituent variables – car use frequency, bicycle use frequency, vehicle kilometers travelled (VKT) and the need for a car to carry out daily activities - led to defining four heterogeneous groups of car owners. We labelled the groups as car-dependent motorists - long distance, car-dependent motorists - short distance, car-independent cyclists and car-dependent cyclists. We found all clusters to be to some extent multimodal. For our selected study area, car ownership does not necessarily induce perceived car-dependence among people who can easily get around by bicycle. Nevertheless, even in an urban setting and when exhibiting multimodal travel patterns, people can perceive their car as indispensable. Perceived car dependence is not necessarily correlated with high VKT or high frequency of car use, neither can we conclude that multimodal behaviour necessarily leads to less VKT
A Walk to the Cherwell River Meadows: (Meaningfulness and) the Perceivable Form of the Urban Landscape
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In order to generate insights on the role of perceivable form, this article presents an excursion to Oxford, a mid-size European city with a strong urban identity. By weaving the landscape of the non-traditional architectural ensemble of St Catherine’s College into that of the traditional urban landscape, this paper aims to unfold (the perception of) the physical landscape, beyond the polemics of architectural style, as a generator of meaningfulness. Devoid of the style characteristics that determine our mental image of Oxford but remaining loyal to the programmatic and compositional logic of the Oxford colleges, the ensemble exposes just how much the quality of the physical landscape can affect
Delta Challenges under Nature-Based Solutions Perspectives
Get PDFDeltaic areas and coasts tend to be extremely vulnerable as aresult of the fusion of high-density urban agglomerations,overexploitation, and degradation of natural resources and theincrease of climate events. The complexity of the combination ofnatural coastal and deltaic processes and human-madeactivities requires an integral perspective regarding planning,design, and governance (Meyer, 2009; Zagare, 2018)
Closing the Implementation Gap of Nature-based Solutions: The case of Water as Leverage - Cascading Semarang
Get PDFNature-based Solutions (NbS) can help cities to become more resilient and climate adaptive. But more often than not, their implementation is reduced to awareness-raising pilot projects with limited chances of upscaling. The strategic plans that integrate these solutions, are hardly translated into investment plans, creating an implementation gap for NbS.
The Water as Leverage – Cascading Semarang project, addressed this gap as part of the development of an innovative, sustainable, bankable and implementable design proposal that considers an inclusive approach. It started with a shared narrative that defined a theory of change, through the development of the full investment case and implementation strategies.
The lessons learnt from that project, showed the urban planners and designers are in a unique position to drive the process of closing the implementation gap. Their comprehensive understanding of the urban dynamics, paired with the skills to lead the development of an innovative vision and shared narrative, can trigger the transformative changes that are needed to face current and future urban challenges. Furthermore, a collaborative approach enables ownership and allows the integration of relevant knowledge throughout the process, including environment, finance, and society
Magnification of Tsunami Risks Due to Sea Level Rise Along the Eastern Coastline of Japan
Get PDFSea level rise is likely to increase the risks of inundation due to coastal hazards in the course of the 21st century. To understand how different sea level rise (SLR) scenarios will affect the disaster risk management of tsunamis in Japan, the authors applied the Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment (PTHA), using a logic tree approach, to the eastern coastline of Japan. Considering a similar generation zone as the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, a number of tsunami propagation simulations were conducted. In the logic tree construction, different branches of magnitude ranges, positions of asperity, recurrence intervals, standard deviations of log-normal distribution and truncations of log-normal distribution were set. The results indicate that the maximum water levels at output points increased according to the different SLR scenarios that were considered. It was also found that the effects that SLR has on expected tsunami heights and 90% confidence intervals are nonlinear and could vary according to location. Such results highlighted the importance of considering the effects of SLR to improve emergency response capacity
Loads and effects of ship-generated, drawdown waves in confined waterways - A review of current knowledge and methods
Get PDFA ship in motion generates a complex wave field consisting of several superimposed wave systems. The relevance of the wave systems\u27 components varies, depending on individual ship and waterway parameters. This review work is specifically concerned with the long-period, primary wave system, large-volume ships travelling through confined waterways, generate, as it may exert intensive wave and current loading on the banks, affecting local morphology, engineering structures and ecology
So far, the effect of ship-generated waves on waterway embankments has yet only routinely been considered for inland waterways with a constant cross-section. Less attention has been payed to the ship-induced wave and current loading in more complex bathymetries like coastal waterways and estuaries, as naturally occurring loads had been thought to dominate. However, the hydrodynamic loads induced by ships grow and become increasingly relevant in coastal waterways, due to continuously growing dimensions of sea-going ships.
At the same time, requirements rise to allow for restoring the ecological value of of inland and coastal waterways, leading to spatially more diverse bathymetries and embankment structures. Hence, the prediction of ship-generated primary wave magnitudes at banks becomes increasingly complex, due to deformation processes of the propagating waves in shallow water. Knowledge on ship-generated waves characteristics and methods to predict induced loads are thus essential for the assessment of bank stability and the dimensioning of engineering structures to resist present-day and prospective ship-induced loads.
This review paper compiles, analyzes and assesses the findings of previous research quantifying the relevance of primary waves for the surrounding waterways and shows interconnections to the questions studied within naval hydrodynamics for confined waterways. Commonly applied methods for wave prediction are reviewed, highlighting their relevance and limitations. Finally, a concept for coupled numerical model development is suggested, based on the success of different modelling approaches presented previously
The Integration of LADM and IndoorGML to Support the Indoor Navigation Based on the User Access Rights
Get PDFIndoor navigation applications are actively investigated and developed due to their capacity to provide users with essential information in the modern extensive building complexes. Therefore, many researchers have developed a range of indoor navigation applications, which have focused on aspects such as localization, indoor route computation, and human spatial cognition. Unfortunately, current indoor navigation systems do not consider the user\u27s access rights when it comes to navigating safely and effectively. This thesis delivers several contributions, which are based on international standards, to provide Indoor navigation aware of the user’s access rights. The thesis proposes: 1) a combined model of ISO’s LADM and OGC’s IndoorGML; 2) an enhancement of the UML class diagram of the conceptual model of IndoorGML; 3) a 2D LADM country profile of the Saudi Arabia; 4) a 3D LADM country profile of Saudi Arabia; 5) a conversion of the combined LADM and IndoorGML conceptual model to a technical model; 6) definitions of access rights for users of indoor environments during crisis based on the integrated model of LADM and IndoorGML; 7) a 3D web-based prototype application for indoor navigation making use of user access rights. The developed concepts and implementation have been acknowledged by the standardization organization ISO and OGC and considered for amending IndoorGML and LADM
Being in the Hyper City, and the Posthuman Body
Get PDFSince ancient times, the analogy of the body in relation to buildings was central both in Western and Eastern architectural and urban design. Over time, the prevalence of economies over inhabitants’ experience led to the adoption of architectural and urban strategies to improve spatial efficiency and specialisation. The analogy of body-buildings was affected negatively. Nonetheless, the 21st-century technological revolution transformed the city and its inhabitants into something different. These are quantified cities which are experienced dynamically by quantified post-human beings. Consequently, a renewed paradigm body - built environment is established. Taking this position into consideration, this article critically investigates the paradigm Hyper City – Post-Human body. In this, the article introduces an alternative psychological interpretation of the analogy body - buildings. It is built around an acknowledgement of a necessary continuity between digital and physical domains to effectively question the notion of urbanisation
Architectures of Thought: Negentropy, Metabolics and the General Ephemeral
Get PDFThe present essay advances Stiegler’s neganthropological project by supplementing its genetic structural framework with a metabolic plane of analysis. Neganthropology demands the creation of technologies (exosomatic tertiary inscriptions) that arrest and reconfigure entropic flow, enabling thus collective and personal individuation as well as the diversification of noetic life. All life however must live in and through the ‘now’, which it transforms. This ephemeral yet general metabolic operation of life constitutes the minimal negentropic unit that can be maintained, a ‘now’ that neganthropology must attend to. To do so, technology, life and thought must be examined together, none being elevated to the status of a model for the other two. In attempting a non-hierarchic configuration of the three, the essay proposes a new architecture
Ars Demones *2022* Manifesto
Get PDFArs Daemones is a manifesto that responds, problematises and encounters conditions and implications of the practice of technologies of spirit as specified in the Ars Industrialis’ two manifesto written by B. Stiegler in 2005 and 2010. Most importantly, the present manifesto focuses on the question of possible conditions and material implications of practice that Stiegler framed within his word of mystagogy. Here, the mystagogy as a knowledge that escapes capture, that demands “contexts, milieus, practices, gestures, rituals, and technologies” is defined as demonology, following G. Deleuze, where both, mystagogy and demonology, call for condition of relationality, movement and an embodied experience. For Stiegler, the knowledge of mystagogy, because of its risky and excessive character, enables to learn and practice care, and it is through the work of art that we can experience of what degrees of care such an excess of another plane need. Through fables of three bodies as experienced through the work of three artists, Ars Daemones will braid material narratives of care. The selection of the three artists, is contaminated by each other by the common question of the risk of care looking for practices of knowledges that rather than survive, would enable to thrive. The manifesto is thus written through the experience of vegetariat present in the work of Špela Petrič, through transbodies and xenologies in space present in the work of Adriana Knouf and through the practice of virophilia in the work of Pei-Ying Lin. Ars Daemones fabulates while experiencing the practices of “I” that is already contaminated and contaminating
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