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Study on the Urban Conservation by the Sectors of Houses and Villas in the City of Paris and its Suburban Area
Get PDFThe Sectors of Houses and Villas (HV sector) in the City of Paris and Montrouge, the suburban city of Paris, are determined by the Local Plan of Urbanism (PLU) based on the SRU Law of 2000 to maintain a favourable residential environment. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the HV sector and examine its effectiveness. In comparison with existing historic environment conservation schemes, in terms of conservation approach, the HV sector takes a sustainable approach to maintaining the form and layout of existing buildings through local provisions, such as maximum building area. In the case of the SL Sector, Villa Daviel in Paris, when development pressure increased in the 1990s in the block where the SL sector was located, building restriction zones and height restrictions were established in the block where residential areas were located, based on consensus with the inhabitants, to conserve the entire block. When the transition from POS to PLU was made, height restrictions were set with a view to sustainable form conservation, and easements were established
Diversification of Grid Blocks’ Morphology in Beijing, China, from the View of Block Formation
Get PDFUrban blocks are the highly unchangeable units that make up urban form. Grid blocks have been commonly applied in the continuous top-down planning in Beijing, China, since ancient time. However, the uniform urban planning did not lead to standardized block form, but has morphological diversification appeared. Hence, the research attempts to clarify its dynamic from the initial formation process. It investigates the typological formation process of grid blocks in Beijing form historical maps, and their correspondence with urban development stages. It concludes that the construction of grid blocks covers a long time span without any certain order of boundary defining and subdivision forming. The irregularity and diversity in block morphology result in both conflicts and potential in creating urban diversity in the urban renewal in Beijing city
Cult of war: The Main Cathedral of the Russian Armed Forces
Get PDFThe Main Cathedral of the Russian Armed Forces in Kubinka near Moscow is a quintessential example of the post-Soviet populist ideology, representating a mixture of ostensibly religious values with multiple secular cult objects
Curitiba 1960s transformations and postmodern ideas
Get PDFOver the course of a few decades Curitiba evolved from a mid-twentieth century provincial capital city in southern Brazil to an ecological capital and a model city. How did Curitiba become a world model city? Contemporary planning ideas in global diffusion certainly contributed to it. Events such as the creation of the local planning institute and the establishment of the first local architecture and urbanism course triggered a series of urban transformations. Likewise, young, migrant architects introduced challenging ideas. In a stimulating environment, international experiences and connections fostered the development of innovative proposals. Moreover, differing from the nationally hegemonic modernist architecture and rationalist urbanism, Curitiba’s planners focused on the actual needs of the city, its specific physical context and social milieu, despite vocal resistance to the term postmodernism. Local identity, belonging, cultural memory, revitalization, recycling, and pedestrianization were valued as planning targets, as well as the preservation of the natural environment. Drawing upon a few paradigmatic designs, this paper accounts for the successful planning of Curitiba and its promotion internationally. It critically traces the planning history of this world-class city in the broader context of Brazilian planning by presenting the early postmodern urbanism implemented in Curitiba.  
IQVU and the Right to the City: Brazilian redemocratization experience
Get PDFThis article seeks to understand how the construction of a Brazilian social indicator - the Quality of Urban Life Index of Belo Horizonte (IQVU-BH), used as an objective criterion for the distribution of resources of the Participatory Budget (OP). It seeks to demonstrate how the ideation of IQVU-BH in 1993 does not constitute an isolated fact; this is part of the experimentations made possible in the redemocratization of the country that, in order to respond to the struggles for urban reform, led to the very incorporation of the concept of Right to the City in Brazilian legislation. This article is structured, therefore, along two axes of inquiry: one that inserts the construction of IQVU in the course of incorporating the notion of the Right to the City into Brazilian legislation; another that analyses its distancing and proximity to the Lefebvrian concept from the comparison between its initial link with the OP of the management of Belo Horizonte (Brazil). Finally, the present work intends to demonstrate that the resonance of the Right to The City in IQVU only occurs when its employment occurs linked to the OP, as an instrument related to democratic and participatory management
Youngstown’s Crandall Park: An Interwar Speculative Neighbourhood and Stability in a Landscape of Boom and Bust
Get PDFYoungstown, Ohio, a small U.S. city midway between Cleveland and Pittsburgh, saw an unprecedented increase in population between the World Wars due to industrial development. In the 1910s, the city busily prepared for expansion, and the Realty and Guarantee Trust Company, local government, and a handful of rural landowners prepared for the development of a new suburb for the entrepreneurial elite and upwardly mobile to the north. The neighbourhood of Crandall Park, anchored by an eponymous park, took form based on a handful of public/private agreements and some boilerplate deed covenants. Within this framework, private clients hired various contractors and architects to create a great variety of houses in terms of style, type, and size. Though only a loosely planned speculative venture, Crandall Park had become one of Youngstown’s most desirable neighbourhoods by the Great Depression. With the departure of the steel mills in the late 1970s, Youngstown’s landscape changed drastically. The city depopulated, and its demographics shifted, yet the fabric of Crandall Park is notably intact. This paper proposes certain of Crandall Park’s qualities brought about by its Interwar inception (particularly as related to diversity and variety) have allowed it to remain a stable presence on Youngstown’s landscape
The Making of the Modern Iranian Capital: On the Role of Iranian Planners in Tehran Master Planning at a Time of Urban Growth and Transnational Exchange (1930-2010)
Get PDFThis dissertation puts together planning documents and multiple archival sources to demonstrate how urban planning and the role of planners have evolved in an ever-changing transnational context of Iran. It challenges the prevailing approach in the literature of Tehran urban studies that simply flattens the complexity of local-foreign collaboration and labels transnational planning of Tehran a top-down “Westernization” project. To depict a more nuanced picture of Tehran master planning at the time of transnational exchange and rapid urban growth, this dissertation introduces a new engaging and argumentative periodization with four distinct phases which brings transnational planning of Tehran to the fore, while reflecting on diverse political and socio-economic upheavals between 1930-2010. Dissection of Tehran master plans in each period through the lens of multiple actors offers a unique opportunity for a renewed interpretation of transnational planning of Tehran and the way Iranian planners steered Tehran urban developments while engaging with foreign experts and their planning systems. It presents a detailed analysis of overarching ‘ideas’ behind each plan, their translation to urban ‘policies’ and later on their broader (un)wanted ‘impact’ on the city and its regions. By recognizing a great diversity in transnational approach in Tehran planning practices, the dissertation concludes with how transnationalism first gave rise to the formation of the modern planning system and how later on led to contestations against it which revolutionized the role of urban planners and the political agenda for Tehran urban growth
Architectural Photovoltaic Application
Get PDFThe urgency to use renewable technologies within the built environment results in new interpretations of and approaches to Architecture. New building regulations, together with international pledges for addressing climate change, made the implications of photovoltaic systems (aka ‘solar panels’) in the buildings more crucial than ever. Moreover, the current mainstream of placing PV systems on the roof and façade of buildings is neither aesthetically appealing nor technically efficient and consequently not a sustainable, long-term, and reliable approach. In response to this issue, the concept of Integration is introduced as an alternative to this approach.
This research suggests the notion of Architectural Photovoltaic Application (APA) in response to the various shortcomings of the Integration, with its current definitions, for being adapted to different architectural styles and approaches. APA can be defined as an approach in which PV technologies are meant to be sources of on-site renewable energy and considered a part of building services that is also incorporated to the building anatomy through the design process. Through APA, PV systems do not need to play a role in the building construction, instead these systems are fully accommodated by Architects in the design process as another element of the building service
Shanghai’s Old Town: the Challenges of Urban Renewal and Strategies for the Protection of Built Heritage
Get PDFShanghai’s old town (laochengxiang) has every quality of a living historic district in the centre of a modern metropolis. Its archaic, small-grain and varied urban form is inhabited by a long-standing local community with strong familial connections to the city. But in the absence of effective conservation mechanisms, the old town’s built environment and social fabric are in danger of disappearance, as large pieces of its territory are handed over to commercial developers. The fast pace of blanket modernisation exposes a glaring need for better frameworks of heritage protection. Focusing on the on-going urban renewal project of the Qiaojia Road area, this article illuminates the challenges of heritage management under the pressure of urban development and discusses strategies and attitudes necessary to safeguard Shanghai’s historic urban landscape
The transformation of scenery to landscape in Zuber wallpapers from a cross-cultural perspective
Get PDFAs a pioneering type of industrial printmaking, wallpaper is a record of the landscapes of different cities in different countries and is the focus of our inquiry into the development of cityscape art. This paper takes Zuber&Cie wallpaper as an example, firstly, it briefly describes the development of wallpaper from a mere decorative commodity to a redesigned natural landscape painting in the 19th-20th centuries, and compares the process of transformation of land to landscape in Zuber wallpaper, i.e. the transformation process of scenery to landscape, and at the same time, by analysing the selected paintings in The second is an interdisciplinary analysis of the narrative content and narrative techniques used in Zuber\u27s wallpaper painting using art historical research methods such as iconography and formal analysis. Finally, a cross-cultural perspective is adopted to examine the historical and socio-political significance behind the transformation of the landscape from a pastoral rustic to a national park and its cultural transmission and change as a result of international trade