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The project to remove the railway from the surface of the city of Valladolid and take it underground
Get PDFThe idea of constructing a tunnel for the railway under the city of Valladolid, Spain, has been under discussion since the 1980s. This possibility was considered through various studies, three different project competitions and several urban master plans. Thus, the division of the city by the railway into two areas would be resolved, the traditionally richest area, which included the historic centre and the most elegant neighbourhoods, and the first poorer periphery. Various officially approved plans were created to carry out the project according to the proposition of Richard Rogers. However, the deficient design of the operation and the economic crisis made the construction of the tunnel impossible as the expected from the sale of the land occupied by the railway, 13 years after the approval of the project have not materialized. Many of these events have been set out in various city planning proposals. The latest stage in this ambitions project was the cancelation of the construction of the tunnel and important investment in consolidating the current railway on the surface; more precisely the improvement in underground pedestrian crossings. Yet the story is far from over. At present, the discordant voices have been called for the tunnel project to be revived, so the dilemma is once more undecided. Party politics and financial question are seen to have a greater weight than technical reports from experts
Regionale gebiedsontwikkeling: De invloed van de provincie op ruimtelijke planning in tussenstedelijke gebieden
Get PDFNationale opgaven zoals het woningbouwbeleid, de energietransitie en klimaatadaptatie zijn vraagstukken die door regionale instanties concreet moeten worden gemaakt in samenhang met de vraagstukken van de regio zelf. De regio, het niveau tussen de gemeenten en de provincie, heeft meestal geen duidelijke bestuurlijke grens en geen formele plaats in het Nederlandse bestuur. In dit proefschrift is gezocht naar de betekenis van de provincie als regionale gebiedsautoriteit in een situatie waarin diverse publieke en private partijen samenwerken en maatschappelijke organisaties hun stem laten horen. Het onderzoek is gericht op gebieden tussen grote steden waar een aanmerkelijke verstedelijking, ingebed in groen- en waterstructuren, was voorzien. Plannen en planprocessen zijn geanalyseerd, net als het handelen van de provincie in drie regio’s: de regio Rotterdam-Zoetermeer-Gouda, het gebied tussen Arnhem en Nijmegen en de regio Eindhoven-Helmond. Het proefschrift laat onder meer zien dat planologische sturing een zwakker instrument is dan financiële sturing. Na de decentralisatie van ruimtelijke ordening en landinrichting is de invloed van de rijksoverheid op regionale gebiedsontwikkeling groot gebleven. Voorts blijkt uit het onderzoek dat planconcepten in de praktijk flexibel zijn. Als de uitvoering aan de orde komt neemt het risico toe dat het planconcept uit elkaar valt. Het onderzoek toont aan dat de provincie haar rol als regionale gebiedsregisseur actiever zou kunnen invullen. De Omgevingswet zou dat mogelijk moeten maken. 
REVERSE ARCHITECTURE AND DIGITAL TWIN IN OPEN STANDARD FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF HERITAGE BUILDINGS : Pilot project: the Simplon-Orient-Express station in Vallorbe, Switzerland
Get PDFHeritage buildings linked to important infrastructural projects present a specific set of architectural design challenges for their conservation and reuse. While storing valuable forms of cultural knowledge, they are not yet encompassed within current debates and methods on Building Information Modeling (BIM), their complex geometry defies standard forms of 3-D representation, and the planning documentation over their life-span has frequently been neglected or overlooked. The functional capacity of, for example, railway stations, must also be maintained at the same time as ongoing social and technological transformation takes place within their regional, national and international contexts.
This paper argues for a combination of different digital tools in the documentation, maintenance and transformation of heritage buildings, and discusses in detail the innovative, pioneering methods of constructing a “digital twin” of the Vallorbe railway station in Switzerland, built in 1913 to accommodate the Istanbul- London Orient Express. Designed to accompany successive phases of the building’s life-span, such digital models themselves can become long-term conservers of architectural history. Rather than an automatic process, digital twin construction requires a particular set of architectural skills, representing a new form of digital craftsmanship, which, when using open formats, can guarantee a sustainable, transnational transmission of planning practices
Balancing and variable reduction of firm bankruptcy data
Get PDFFinancial stress experienced by supply chain elements causes stress to all members. Predictive data mining is a common tool for predicting bankruptcy. Bankruptcy often involves highly imbalanced datasets with a large number of potential variables, with bankrupt firms being by far the minority case. This study uses data from four studies of firm bankruptcy and examines the impact of data balancing and variable selection on model accuracy. The models used are random forest and gradient boosting based on decision trees, logistic regression, neural networks, and support vector machines. Two machine learning methods are used to trim the number of variables. Stepwise regression and entropy from decision trees are used to generate reduced variable sets. The complexity parameter was used to set levels on number of variables using the entropy (decision tree) option. The impact of reducing variables is examined. Error metrics used were type I and type II error (sensitivity and specificity), overall average error (accuracy), and area under the recall curve (AuC). The average error of extreme gradient boosting and random forest models was found to be better than support vector machines, which had a slight advantage over logistic regression and neural networks. Variable reduction was found to lead to mixed results with respect to relative accuracy. Overall accuracy increased with slight reduction in the number of variables (using stepwise regression), but deteriorated as the number of variables was reduced to the smaller number of variables. The experiments into balancing found that unbalanced data had high error rates, which dropped a great deal with even 10 percent balancing, but balancing beyond 10 percent was found to provide little additional accuracy
Location selection of a manufacturing unit using BWM and ELECTRE III
Get PDFOne of the most essential factors in a company\u27s overall supply chain management success is the location of its manufacturing facilities. Due to the emerging energy crisis, the demand for insulation materials is rising, which increases the competition for insulation material companies. To stay competitive, the companies might consider expanding to different locations. This decision entails the consideration of various factors and alternatives, which could be formulated as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. This paper contributes to the problem of location selection in the chemical industry, by implementing two MCDM methods, Best-Worst Method (BWM) and ELECTRE III, in a real-world case company. Based on a thorough literature study and data from interviews with the decision-makers, seven criteria and nine countries as alternatives were chosen. The BWM was used to elicit the weights of all the criteria from a group of decision-makers. Then, ELECTREE III was used to generate a ranking of the alternative countries. Based on the results, the main recommendation to the case company was to choose France as the most appropriate location for the new manufacturing unit. The findings of this research have insights for other companies in the chemical industry deciding on new locations for their manufacturing
Assessing adoption intention of electric vehicles in India: The mediating role of government policies
Get PDFThe total number of vehicles is expected to be 2.5 billion by the year 2050. To stabilize the impact on environment, the automobile sector has shown various innovations by shifting from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs). However, there is less acceptance of electric cars in India, so this research paper explores the various factors affecting EV adoption intention. The key factors studied are price, environmental concern, infrastructure requirement, and knowledge of EV. This paper also shows that government policies act as a mediator between factors like price, knowledge of EV, and infrastructure requirement on adoption intention of EVs. This research paper presents insights for the decision-makers to understand the determinants and design the strategies for increased adoption intention of EVs
Logistics-related determinants of regional gross domestic product - an exploratory investigation
Get PDFExisting research suggests a link between a country’s infrastructure quality and its economic performance. However, no country can invest in all types of infrastructure across the country. Therefore, it is critical to identify and assess multiple indicators of infrastructure for regions within a country and focus on improving infrastructure as identified by the weak indicators. Research investigating the determinants of regional wealth and economic growth is limited. In this comprehensive research including all 35 regions in Austria, we began by evaluating the relationship between logistics-related infrastructure and regional gross domestic product. In the process, other indicators, and mediators such as knowledge infrastructure, business attractiveness emerged as impacting gross domestic product. The findings help to better understand the relative importance of diverse logistics indicators influencing regional economic development and provide insights for policy decision-making
Appropriation and Gendered Spaces: A Discussion on Elena Ferrante’s Neapolitan Novels
Get PDFElena Ferrante’s series Neapolitan Novels (2011-2014) has been characterized as a female bildungsroman that begins in 1950s Naples. It follows the lives of two protagonists, Lenù (Elena) Greco and Lila (Raffaella) Cerullo, from childhood to old age as they struggle to figure out what they want/need to be/become by challenging the dominant gender roles and power relations embedded in the society. Within the framework of Gillian Rose and Doreen Massey’s theoretical conceptualizations regarding space, this article aims to discuss appropriation of urban space from a gendered perspective as presented through the Neapolitan Novels and in Ferrante’s Naples. Ferrante’s Neapolitan novels not only portray the personal transformation of the main characters Lenú and Lila, but also, their practices of urban appropriation, their relationship with the neighbourhood they live in along with the transformation of Naples as a socially constructed space itself.
Linking constraints in idea generation theory with standardisation in product and service innovation
Get PDFFrom the literature it is known that standards may positively impact innovation, but how? This paper focuses on the role of standards in the creativity part of the innovation process. Standards put constraints, and this might hinder creativity. Applying the theory of constraints, it is argued that the opposite can be the case: standards may stimulate creativity. Standards may set input constraints, process constraints or output constraints, and may influence innovation via different routes: the motivational route, the cognitive route and the social route. Standards can be both internal standards, defined by the company itself, and external standards. These may apply both to products and to services. Current literature tends to focus on output constraints only: by providing requirements for products or services, standards steer the creativity in the preferred direction and may trigger the development of solutions that meet the requirements. But standards may provide input and process constraints as well. In the product case this can be understood using the concepts of component commonality, platforms, modularity and postponement. For services, standards may apply to, for instance, service delivery, service results, precautions, and ethical codes for employees. But also for services modularity may apply: services can be assembled in service packages
Improving the performance of hospitals: An architectural analysis of patient journeys in China
Get PDFNowadays, we are faced with serious challenges in public health worldwide. However, the challenges cannot be solved only in the domain of architecture, medical science or management. A successful hospital building is more than a nice building or an efficient healing machine. Patient journey is such a concept that tries to explore the possibility to solve the problems in hospitals in the domain of hospital architecture and hospital management. In this context, the research proposes a study of patient journey in hospitals from the perspective of architecture on basis of the outcomes achieved in management. Patient journeys are transferred from both clinical and administrative processes to special patterns. Moreover, in such a visual way, both the efficiency and effectiveness of hospitals and patients’ satisfaction during the journeys in hospitals are analyzed with case studies of China and the Netherlands. The system of spatialized patient journeys helps architects and hospital managers broaden their understanding of hospital. And the comparison results from case studies are useful for hospitals in China to improve performance and patients’ satisfaction