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Reviews and Responses for Evaluating Potential Fuel-Savings of External Alternative Ground Propulsion Systems
Full text linkSee detailed reviews and responses in the PDF file.
DOI for the original paper: https://doi.org/10.59490/joas.2024.788
Epistemic Horizons: Embracing Tacit Understanding and Generative Potential in the Appraisal of Knowledge
Full text linkThis paper explores the appraisal of knowledge in architecture and its role shaping architectural thought, design, and production. Building on Michael Polanyi\u27s concept of tacit knowledge—knowing more than we can tell—the paper proposes to address the challenge of assessing such knowledge by the appraisal of its generative potential. It argues that tacit knowledge can be valued by the possibilities it creates within specific social and material environments. Through an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating insights from cognitive psychology, anthropology, and information theory, the paper identifies three modes of comprehension—correspondence, adaptation, and poetic. Emphasizing the interplay of knowledge, cognition, and imagination, it proposes that knowledge should be appraised based on its generative potential, rather than merely codified information. The paper concludes by suggesting that architectural knowledge, exemplified in the work of Eduard van Steenbergen, can be evaluated by its capacity to "objectify abstract space" and manipulate spatial relations, integrating skill, knowledge, and agency. Opening up new avenues for epistemological inquiry within architectural research, the paper invites scholars to reconsider their approaches to knowledge appraisal and to embrace a more inclusive understanding of knowledge production in the discipline
Modelling Heterogeneous Capacity Response Strategies of Airlines in the Initial Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the EU-US Market
Full text linkThis paper investigates the causal impact of the initial stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., 2020) on airlines’ crisis response strategies from the supply perspective in the EU-US market. An analytical framework examining three strategies, namely market exit, capacity retrenchment, and route hierarchy persevering, is established by utilizing the difference-in-differences (DID) method, which jointly considers dynamics in pandemic severity, border control policies, and route structure. The results demonstrate that the COVID-19 pandemic led to the disappearance of diversity in the business models of the EU-US market in the short term. Analysis of individual airlines’ capacity retrenchment strategies reveals heterogeneity in the impact of COVID-19. The route hierarchy persevering analysis exhibits three distinct strategies of airlines, i.e., connectivity-oriented, antitrust immunity joint venture-oriented, and market presence-oriented
Reflections on Katrina: 20 years down the road
Full text linkThis essay responds to a request for personal reflections based on my experiences in the wake of Hurricane Katrina and lessons learned from that storm. The essay begins with comments on how I was swept into the disaster’s aftermath, and reflects on the quest for resilience in a shattered city, some of the lessons learned and unlearned at the local level from the response and recovery to Hurricane Katrina in 2005. It concludes with two important lessons learned that have a bearing on climate change adaptations in coastal areas globally.
Modelling ADS-B Reception Probability Using OpenSky Data
Full text linkThis paper introduces a model for estimating ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) reception probability based on OpenSky network data. The methodology derives reception probability from the distribution of ADS-B message update intervals by examining variations in interval "bumps" around the 0.5-second transmission frequency, shaped by system jitter. Only sensors with circular coverage are used to ensure uniform reception probability estimation. Key variables such as distance, air traffic, and airport interference are binned and used in regression analysis to estimate model constants. Results demonstrate that this model achieves a lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) compared to Chung\u27s model, indicating higher accuracy. However, challenges remain in capturing complex interactions between distance, traffic, and airports in proximity, partly due to unmodeled interdependencies and these features serve as proxies to the dependent variable. Further investigation of these relationships could enhance the model\u27s depiction of ADS-B reception probability
The role of the (e-)bike: a mode choice model for short distances
Full text linkThe bicycle is a very important mode for travel in various countries, particularly in the Netherlands. However, it is in practice often modelled with less detail than other urban modes, such as the car and public transport. Moreover, the increasing use of e-bikes and the differences with conventional bikes show that more research into this transport mode is needed. E-bikes require less physical effort and allow higher speeds, making the e-bike suitable for longer distances. The goals of this research are to (1) create a mode choice model that predicts an accurate modal split for urban areas in the Netherlands and this model is used to (2) find significant factors that influence the modal split, in order to support municipalities of Dutch urban areas to stimulate the use of the (e-)bike. Within both goals, potential differences between conventional bikes and e-bikes are considered. A conceptual model, following from the literature, describes the assumed modal choice including factors relevant to cycling. Data was used mainly from the Dutch National Travel Survey (ODiN). Discrete choice models, a multinomial logit and a nested logit, are estimated to identify significant influencing factors. Results show that a nested logit model is the most explanatory one compared to the other models, with a rho-square-bar of 0.469. The model includes 15 main variables, 3 quadratic components and 4 interaction effects. The nested structure is formed by a correlation between the bike and the e-bike. The factors that show to be generally highly influential for the bike and the e-bike are the travel distance, owning a driver’s license and street density. The model is practically applicable for municipalities to form expectations in the modal shift for changes in their networks or policies. However, modelling these changes has not been validated and thus needs further research
The Problem of Technology and Disability: Review of Shew, A. (2023). Against Technoableism: Rethinking Who Needs Improvement. New York City: W. W. Norton & Company. (176 pages)
Full text linkJHTR Journal of Human-Technology RelationsVol. 2(2024)2Ashley Shew’s Against Technoableismis one of the most important and original works in the philosophy of technology of the current generation. This short and accessible volume offers a clear and sharp-elbowed critique of ablism as it relates to technology, a useful introduction to many ideas from work in disability studies, as well as deeply-penetrating insights into how to think about technology generally. These insights challenge our intuitions about technologies—including those held by engineers, philosophers, and other card-carrying technology experts—about everything from the politics of technology, to the impact of media narratives, to what it means to develop technology to solve a problem for someone. What problem? Whose problem? Framed, defined, and articulated by whom
The Potential of Small, Low- Carbon, Zero- Energy Housing: A Multidimensional Approach
Full text linkThis thesis examines the potential of small, low-carbon, (near) zero-energy dwellings as a solution that would both address sustainability challenges and answer to the growing housing shortage in North-West Europe. It adopts a multidimensional outlook that encompasses institutional, social and technical aspects surrounding the dwellings. The institutional aspect is addressed through an investigation of financial, legislative, technical and cultural barriers to the implementation and uptake of small, low-carbon, zero-energy dwellings. A context specific approach is adopted taking into account contextual peculiarities for the formulation of more refined policy suggestions. The social dimension is addressed first from the perspective of market supply through an investigation of the perceptions of housing professionals. The distinction between perceived versus actual barriers identified by housing professionals is made highlighting a potential dyssynchronisation between policy developments and local practice. Accordingly the study calls for innovation in information dissemination between policy and local practice and between housing professionals themselves. The social dimension is then addressed from the perspective of market demand through an investigation of consumers’ current housing preferences. The assumption stating that, due to an increase in smaller, elderly, and lowerincome households, current housing preferences are leaning towards smaller dwellings is refuted underlining the importance of distinguishing between smallest and smaller dwelling sizes. Lastly, the technical dimension is addressed through conducting a partial life cycle assessment that focuses on the embodied carbon of the dwellings. Both downsizing and the use of low-carbon materials such as timber are investigated as embodied carbon reduction strategies. Together, the three dimensions provide a holistic evaluation of the potential of small, low-carbon, zero-energy dwellings as a solution while addressing the complexity in reaching sustainable outcomes
Heritage Regeneration, Planning, and Resistance: The Bell and Drum Towers Area in Beijing
Full text linkThis paper examines the evolution of urban heritage regeneration approaches in the Bell and Drum Towers (BDT) area in the past one and a half decades. At the heart of Beijing’s historic centre and the north end of its historic Central Axis, the BDT area is one of the most iconic landmarks of the metropolis. The BDT area comprises some of the historic city centre’s most intact and lively neighbourhoods. However, it has had its share of controversies, particularly during the regeneration project from 2010-2014. The square between the two towers and surrounding neighbourhoods became a stage of political tension, urban activism, and grassroots resistance, which were then ‘wiped clean’ nearly overnight. Although the noises have faded in the last decade, more subtle changes have picked up pace in preparation for the 2024 World Heritage inscription application of Beijing’s Central Axis. Through critically examining the planning framework governing the BDT area’s heritage management, the projects and controversies over the past 15 years, this paper highlights how heritage has been used in the somewhat fluid narratives for urban heritage regeneration in Beijing. It argues that some of these issues are emblematic of the low-rise and high-density historic urban areas with high land value, which remain sources of tension in the metropolis
A Study on the Construction Model of Ancient Vietnamese Capital Cities
Full text linkChina’s urban planning theories originated from the ‘harmonious relationship between humans and nature’ perspective of ancient environmental culture, which was disseminated through the process of ‘Mutual Understanding of Civilisations’. Vietnam is geographically adjacent to China, and has the closest relationship with China in the Southeast Asian region. Numerous cultural artefacts and symbolic elements dating back to the Stone Age have demonstrated the cultural origins of the two countries. The northern region of Vietnam has been under the control of the Chinese Feudal Dynasties from the third century B.C.E. until the early tenth century. After gaining independence, Vietnam continued to have a suzerain-vassal connection with China for about nine centuries. Vietnam is a significant research subject in the "Han Cultural Circle" because of the aforementioned variables that have contributed to a high degree of cultural resemblance between China and Vietnam. In order to determine the genetic relationship between the original mode and localised innovation from the perspective of urban planning history, this study will compare and contrast the construction models of ancient Vietnamese and Chinese capital cities. Additionally, it will show how Chinese urban planning theories have influenced Southeast Asian urban construction activities, either directly or indirectly