Publikasi Online Fakultas Biologi UNSOED (Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Bahan Nabati terhadap Perkembangan Aspergillus flavus pada Medium PDA dan Biji Kacang Tanah
Get PDFAn experiment aimed to obtain botanical fungicide and its concentration to inhibit the growth of Aspergillus flavus was done in the mycology laboratory, Indonesia Legume and Tuber Crops Research Institute, Malang on June–August 2003. Kancil and Mahesa varieties of groundnut, A. flavus fungus, garlic, onion and ginger were used in this experiment. The effectiveness of botanical fungicide extracts to inhibit A. flavus on PDA was done by culturing A. flavus (5 mm diameter) in the petridish ( θ = 9 cm). This experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design with 5 replications. Factor A was botanical fungicide extracts (garlic, onion, ginger, and sterile water) and factor B was botanical fungicide concentrations (10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%). The level concentration of botanical fungicide extracts were poured into Petridish containing PDA medium before culturing A. flavus. The growth diameter of A. flavus was measured as a parameter. A similar experiment for testing the effectiveness of botanical fungicide extracts to inhibit A. flavus was also done on groundnut kernel. It was arranged in completely randomized design factorial, 3 replications. Fifty groundnut kernels were dipped on botanical fungicide extract for 3 minutes, placed on plastic tray (30 x 24 x 5 cm3) and layered with wet tissue sterile before used. After botanical fungicide extracts on kernels were air dried, the kernels were inoculated with spore suspension (approximately 104 spore/ml). Disease intensity of A. flavus was measured as a parameter. The result showed that the garlic extract treatment was more effective than those of onion extract, ginger extract and without botanical fungicide. The growth rate of colony diameter of A. flavus on PDA medium were 0.15 cm, 3.88 cm, 2.59 cm, and 4.30 cm respectively. The used of garlic extract at a concentration 10% on PDA could inhibit colony diameter growth of A. flavus by 97% as compared to without botanical fungicide extract. The garlic extract treatment, onion extract, ginger extract and without botanical fungicide extract showed that disease intensity A. flavus on groundnut kernels were 13.21%, 22.00%, 20.74%, and 25.18% respectively. An effective concentration to inhibit A. flavus infection on groundnut kernels was achieved by using garlic extract 20%. The use of its extract could reduce 73% of disease intensity. This result was different from the treatment on PDA. This was due to the ability of A. flavus to degrade cell walls. This process takes time meanwhile much of botanical fungicides extract have evapoured
Transfer Gen Penanda Pada Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) CV Panda dan Atlantik dengan Bantuan Agrobacterium
Get PDFThis research was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of marker gene transfer of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) explant tissues, which were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404 carrying binary vector pBI121. Nodes and leaf segments from shoot cultures of Panda and Atlantic cultivars were used as explants. The marker gene transfer procedure was initiated with explant pre-conditioning, followed with co-cultivating and selecting of putative transformant cells. Explants were pre-conditioned over-night in callus induction medium containing basal medium of MS (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) supplemented with 5 mg/l naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 0.1 mg/l benzyl adenine. After 10 min. inoculation in A. tumefaciens suspension, explants were co-cultivated for 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days. After co-cultivation, explant tissues were placed on callus induction medium added with 150 mg/l kanamycin. Successful marker gene transfer was calculated as the percentage of total explants producing callus on selection medium. Results showed that more co-cultivated nodal explants became resistant to kanamycin than co-cultivated leaf explants. The highest efficiency of transformation (45%) of nodal explants was observed in Panda cultivar whereas that in Atlantik was only 30%. The most efficient transformation of leaf explants was observed in Panda cultivar (20%) whereas that in Atlantik was15%. The PCR analysis detected the presence of NPTII gene in transgenic tissues
Analisis Vegetasi Hutan Dipterocarpaceae campuran di Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang, Kalimantan Timur
Get PDFA study on plant ecology by using a quadrat method has been conducted. This study focused on species vegetation richness at some different altitudes. From the sampling area of 2.24 ha, it was identified that there are 1060 trees of 235 species belong to 121 genera of 41 families. Family of Dipterocarpaceae which was dominated by species of shorea and the most commonest species, especially the upper layer with basal areas reached 25.33 m². Some species adapted well at the location such as Parashorea parvifolia, Shorea ovalis, Shorea johorensis, Garcinia sp, Callophyllum pulcherrimum, Castanopsis philipensis, Lithocarpus blumeanus and Quercus subserice
Respon Pertumbuhan Spesies C3 dan C4 terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan dan Konsentrasi CO2 tinggi
Get PDFGrowth response of two C3 (wheat and kale) and two C4 species (Echinochloa crusgallii and Amaranthus caudatus) were analyzed in response to drought stress under different CO2 concentrations, i.e. ambient (350 ppm) and double ambient (700 ppm). Drought was given by withholding water for several days until the plants were wilted. Drought stress reduced relative water content (RWC), water potential (Yw), osmotic potential (Ys), net photosynthesis (Pn) and plant growth of all species. During moderate drought Pn of C3 species decreased considerably, while that of C4 species was still sustained, suggesting that C4 cycle is important to sustain Pn during the beginning of the drought. Doubled [CO2] enhanced growth of all species indicated by increase of plant height and leaf area, but the growth of C3 species was higher than that of C4 one. Increase of growth due to high [CO2] was associated with an increase of Pn in C3 species but not in C4 species. High [CO2] caused C4 species had RWC, Yw and Ys higher than C3 species during drought stress. Increase of growth in C4 species may be associated by an increase of plant water status due to high [CO2].
Produksi Pigmen Karotenoid oleh Khamir Phaffia rhodozyma yang Diperlakukan dengan Radiasi Sinar UV
Get PDFCarotenoid pigment is an essential element in aquaculture, since it gives characteristic of color on shrimp and fish. Carotenoid pigments can be produced microbiologically using Paffia rhodozyma. Genetic improvement of the yeast, one of which can be accomplished by radiation mutation, will increase the production of carotenoid pigments. The aims of this study were to mutate P. rhodozyma using UV irradiation and to figure out pigment production by the mutant strains resulting from 30 minute-irradiation. Irradiated culture was incubated in dark condition and plated onto YMA media. Grown mutant colonies were collected in order to test for their pigment production. Pigment production was measured on the basis of extinction coefficient of 1%. The results showed that mutant strain encoded with MUV-1 produced the highest pigment at 179.96 mg/g dry weight cell, higher than the wild type (63.20 mg/g dry weight cell)
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Mikrob Pendegradasi Senyawa Nitril
Get PDFBiotransformation of nitrile compound using microbe represents the best way in eliminating toxicity. Besides, microbes and enzymes of nitriles degradation can be used in synthesis of various chemical compounds with a high economic value. The purpose of this research is to obtain microbial potential for nitriles degradation, to obtain information of physiological of chosen microbe and the characteristic of its enzyme. We have conducted are isolation and selection of microbial nitriles degradation, perception of growth pattern, determination of influence various and concentration of nitriles on microbial growth, determination of enzymes specificity and inductivity, and determination of optimum pH and temperature. The result of microbial isolation from various sources of waste obtained by 12 isolates at acetonitrile, 18 isolates at benzonitrile, 8 isolates at adiponitrile, 1 isolate at lactonitrile, and 1 isolate at ß- aminopropionitrile. GLB5 isolate was selected from 46 isolates, because this isolate can grow at some tested nitriles. The best growth of GLB5 isolate in acetonitrile 360 mM, benzonitrile 30 mM, 3-sianopiridin 15 mM, and ß- aminopropionitrile 140 mM. The growth of GLB5 isolate in acetonitrile 360 mM were experienced a lag phase during 8 hours, and an exponential phase during 40 hours. Time of cell doubling during 7 hours and 42 minutes, and specific growth rate (µ) equal to 0,09 h-1. The character of nitriles degradation enzymes from GLB5 whole cell was inductive, with optimum activity at pH and temperature equal to 7.2 and 40oC
Pengaruh Campuran Onggok, Sekam, Pati dan Bahan Humat terhadap Pertumbuhan Aspergillus niger dan Kemampuannya dalam Melarutkan Fosfat
Get PDFThe aims of this study were to investigate the effects of the mixture of tapioca waste, rice bran, starch (BOC), and humic substance (BH) on Aspergillus niger growth and its phosphate solubilizing capability. The experiment was conducted in Erlenmeyer flask containing 200 ml Pikovskaya liquid media and incubated on shaker with 100 rotaries per minute for nine days. The Christmas Island phosphate rock was used as phosphate source. Aspergillus niger YD 17 was taken from the Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gadjah Mada University. The experiment was arranged using factorial completely randomized design with three-replications (3x4x3). The level of BOC (i.e. 0, 2, and 4 g.l-1 media) and BH (i.e. 0, 1, 2, and 3 ml.l-1) were applied as experimental factors. Dry weight of mycelia and the soluble phosphate in media were parameters of Aspergillus niger growth. The results showed that BOC and BH increased the Aspergillus niger growth and its phosphate solubilizing capability (P£0.05). Four-gram of BOC and 3 ml of BH per litter of media were the best level for Aspergillus niger growth, while 4 g of BOC and 2 ml of BH was the best level for phosphorus solubilization capability
Pengaruh Elisitasi dengan Verticillium dahliae Kleb dan Rhizoctonia Solani Kuhn terhadap kandungan Gosipol dalam kalus Gossypium hirsutum L pada beberapa tingkat Subkultur
Get PDFAn experiment on gossypol content hasbeen conducted on callus derived from Gossypium hirsutum L. subcultures 5, 6, and 7 after elicitation with Verticillium dahliae Kleb and Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. Callus was cultured on solid Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium supplemented with 10 –5 M NAA and 10 –6 M 2,4-D, and subcultured for 5, 6, and 7 times. Callus was then elicited with 40 μg dry weight /ml homogenate of fungi derived from V. dahliae and R. solani, and harvested 0, 2, 4, and 6 days after elicitation. The gossypol was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The maximum gossypol content elicited with R. solani was obtained on callus subculture 5, which was harvested on 4 days after elicitation, i.e. 177,995 ± 0,248 μg/g dry weight, whilst that with V. dahliae was obtained on subculture 5, harvested four days after elicitation, i.e.108,021± 0,507 μg/g dry weight. The gossypol content of control callus on subculture 5, 6, and 7 was 37,885 ± 0,779 μg/g dry weight 23,170 ± 0,003 μg/g dry weight, 12,284 ± 0,221 μg/g dry weight, respectively. The subculture level, elicitor type, and harvesting time gave significant effect on gossypol content of G. hirsutum callus culture
Beberapa Aspek Pertumbuhan Lamun Enhalus acoroides (Linn. F) Royle di Pulau Barrang Lompo Makassar
Get PDFA study has been conducted to investigate some aspects related to seagrass Enhalus acoroides growth in Barrang Lompo Island Makassar by using a modified tagging method. Tagging was applied monthly to 20 seagrass stands for seven months with weekly observations. The results showed that Enhalus acoroides growth had a quadratic pattern and was strongly affected by exposed environmental condition, turbidity, nutrient, and temperature
Kondisi Terumbu Karang di Pulau Sembilan Kabupaten Sinjai Sulawesi Selatan
Get PDFSembilan Island waters is one of the catch fishery production centers in Bone Bay, South Sulawesi. It was informed that the capture has decreased since 1999, which might be caused by coral reef damage although the damage precentage was still unknown. An observation on coral reef condition was conducted in the waters of Sembilan Island, South Sulawesi, on June and November 2000 using scuba diving set and under water writing tools. Monitoring of coral reef condition was conducted in 7 m depth up to 100 m length of shore line in seven stations employing a line intercept transect method. The data of coral reef were analysed by using dBase III and lifeform programs. The results showed that living coral around station I, III, and IV were generaly in good condition except in the stations V, VI and VII, which were in middle condition and in station II, which was in bad condition. The lifeform of coral reef in Sembilan Island were predominated by Acropora Branching (ACB), Nonacropora Branching (CB), Coreal Foliose (CF), and Coral Massive (CM) meanwhile other benthic fauna were predominated by Soft Coral (SF) and Sponge (SP)