Publikasi Online Fakultas Biologi UNSOED (Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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Identifikasi Keanekaragaman Tanaman Bunga sebagai Sumber Pakan Lebah Madu di Kawasan Hutan Desa Batu Dulang, Kecamatan Batu Lanteh, Sumbawa
Full text linkKetersedian tanaman bunga menjadi kunci penting untuk sumber pakan lebah dan madu yang dihasilkan di masyarakat Sumbawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis jenis tumbuhan bunga yang berpotensi menjadi sumber pakan lebah madu di kawasan hutan, Desa Batu Dulang, Sumbawa. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis vegetasi dengan petak ukur kuadran yang berukuran 1 m x 1 m. Data tanaman yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan indeks keanaekaragaman Shanon-Wienner (H’), indeks kemerataan Shanon (E’) dan indeks dominansi Simpson (D). Hasil penelitian diperoleh data sebanyak 216 individu tanaman bunga dari 28 spesies tanaman dan terbagi dalam 12 famili. Sebanyak 23 spesies berhasil diidentifikasi, sedangkan 4 spesies belum bisa diidentifikasi. Jenis tanaman bunga terbanyak >10 individu tanaman ditemukan pada 8 spesies dengan tanaman Kirinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) sebagai spesies terbanyak dan 4 spesies tanaman dengan jumlah paling sedikit. Hasil analisis indeks keanekaragaman (H’), kemerataan (E’) dan dominansi (D) tanaman berturut turut yaitu 2.97, 0.89, dan 0.067. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan tingkat keanekaragaman tanaman yang sedang melimpah, kemerataan yang tinggi dan dominansi tanaman yang rendah. Tingginya keanaekaragaman tanaman akan memberikan dampak positif pada ketersediaan sumber pakan lebah madu yang cukup melimpah. Tentu pula harus dengan didukung oleh kondisi hutan yang terjaga kelestariannya dengan melibatkan masyarakat lokal. Penelitian selanjutnya akan difokuskan pada waktu berbunga dari tanaman sumber pakan lebah melalui kalender pembungaan sehingga diketahui tingkat kecukupan pakan bagi lebah dan kuantitas madu yang dihasilkan dalam setahun
Aktivitas Protease, Amilase dan Lipase Digesti Ikan Medaka (Oryzias javanicus) yang Tertangkap di Segara Anakan Cilacap
Full text linkMedaka fish (Oryzias javanicus) originating from Segara Anakan, Cilacap Regency has the potential as a bio-indicator of brackish water. The study of the physiological character of this species has not been done before, so that there needs to be basic information for domestication. The purpose of this study was to determine changes in protease, amylase and lipase digestive activity of medaka fish from Segara Anakan at different body sizes and salinity. The study was conducted by survey method. A sample of 567 medaka fish taken from three locations with different salinities (10 ± 1, 15 ± 1 and 20 ± 1 ppt) at the time of sampling, were used in this study. Medaka fish is grouped into three different sizes, namely (1) 0.063±0.01g (small), (2) 0.153±0.03 g (medium), and (3) 0.287±0.03 g (large). Measurements of enzyme activity were carried out by spectrophotometric methods. The results showed that body size and salinity were significantly different (P<0.05) on protease, amylase and lipase digestive activity of medaka fish. Large medaka fish shows higher digestive enzyme activity compared to the small body size in each salinity. However, amylase and lipase show same activity between different body sizes at 15±1 ppt. The higher the salinity, the lower the activity of protease, amylase and lipase. However, the salinity of 10±1-20±1 ppt shows the same amylase activity (small and medium size) and lipase (small size). Conclusion from the results of this study is the protease, amylase and lipase digestive activity of medaka fish that originating from Segara Anakan, Cilacap has been increased with increasing body size and decreasing environmental salinity. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the enrichment of fish biology, especially medaka fish.Ikan medaka (Oryzias javanicus) yang berasal dari Segara Anakan Cilacap memiliki potensi sebagai biondikator perairan payau. Kajian karakter fisiologi O javanicus belum banyak dilakukan sehingga perlu ada informasi dasar untuk domestikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perubahan aktivitas protease, amilase dan lipase digesti ikan medaka pada ukuran tubuh berbeda yang ditangkap dari Segara Anakan, Kabupaten Cilacap pada salinitas yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey. Sampel ikan medaka diambil dari 3 stasiun dengan salinitas yang berbeda (10, 15 dan 20 ppt) dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Ikan medaka dikelompokkan menjadi 3 ukuran berbeda, yaitu (1) 0,063±0.01g (kecil), (2) 0,153±0.03 g (sedang), serta (3) 0,287±0.03 g (besar). Pengukuran aktivitas enzim dilakukan dengan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran tubuh dan salinitas yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap aktivitas protease, amilase dan lipase digesti ikan medaka. Ikan medaka berukuran besar menghasilkan aktivitas enzim digesti lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ukuran tubuh kecil pada masing-masing salinitas. Namun pada salinitas 15 ppt, amilase dan lipase menunjukkan aktivitas yang seragam di antara ukuran tubuh berbeda. Semakin tinggi salinitas maka aktivitas protease, amilase dan lipase menjadi semakin rendah. Namun, pada salinitas 10-20 ppt menunjukkan aktivitas amilase (ukuran kecil dan sedang) dan lipase (ukuran kecil) yang sama. Simpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah aktivitas protease, amilase dan lipase organ digesti ikan medaka yang berasal dari Segara Anakan, Cilacap mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan semakin meningkatnya ukuran tubuh dan menurunnya salinitas lingkungan
PENGARUH BEBERAPA MEDIA KULTUR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI SIMBION LARVA Oryctes rhinoceros L.
No full textBacillus sp. Dan Achromobachter sp. merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat ditemukan diusus larva dari O. rhinoceros, enzim selulase yang dihasilkan bakteri simbion pada serangga herbivor bekerja dalan mendegadasi bahan organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa media kultur terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri simbion larva O. rhinoceros. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Non Faktorial yang terdiri dari 10 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Jenis media yang digunakan yaitu ekstrak dari daging sapi lokal, ayam kampung, ayam broiler dan kambing gibas. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa media buatan yang terbaik yaitu media dari ekstrak daging sapi lokal dengan rataan populasi sebesar 9,4 x 107 Cfu/ml kemudian ekstak daging ayam kampung dengan rataan 8,5 x 107, lalu ekstrak daging ayam broiler dengan rataan 7,5 x 107 dan populasi bakteri terendah terdapat pada media dari ekstrak daging kambing gibas dengan rataan sebesar 5,8 x 107 Cfu/ml. Media buatan dengan bahan dari ekstrak daging sapi lokal merupakan media yang paling efektif untuk digunakan sebagai media pertumbuhan bakteri simbion larva O. rhinoceros.
Penilaian Kondisi Kesehatan Ekosistem Mangrove di Ayau dan Ayau Kepulauan, Kabupaten Raja Ampat
Full text linkDespite their rather universal distribution in tropical inter-tidal coastal area, mangrove has been identified driven by some physical, chemical and biological factors which might vary one to another site. Muddy waters, sufficient freshwater supply, high tidal inundation were few factors that commonly correlated with an ideal mangrove growth. Ayau Islands, a group of several small islands in the Raja Ampat Islands regency West Papua, however, could be an example of how mangrove was closely interconnected to another tropical coastal ecosystem. The purpose of the study has assessed the health of mangrove ecosystems in Ayau and Ayau Islands. A purposive sampling method was applied for this study, two stations were designated in Kanober Island and one station in Dorekar Island. Three replication sampling plots of 10m x 10m has lied on each station and data were collected following a mangrove monitoring manual. The result showed at least eight major species, two minor species and 23 association of mangrove components were found in the study site. In general the vegetation in a good condition with a high canopy cover
Identifikasi Keanekaragaman Polen Tanaman Sumber Pakan Lebah pada Madu Lokal dari 5 Desa di Kabupaten Boyolali
Full text linkHoney is a natural sugar produced by bees from the nectar of plants or secretions of living parts of plants or excrtions of plant sucking insects on the living parts of plants. Pollen is an important component contained in honey, as a source of protein for bees. The This study aims to determine the diversity of pollen which is a source of bee feed, and knowing the type of honey based on the type and frequency of pollen in honey in 5 villages in Boyolali Regency. The method used for the pollen analysis is acetolysis. The quantitative data of pollen analysis using Excel Software. The results showed the diversity of plant pollen in honey from 5 village in Boyolali is 52 taxa, and the type of honey based on the frequency and types of pollen varies, the village Cerme and Cepogo honey is multifloral honey, Kiringan and Pager Village honey including monofloral honey, and Kemiri Village honey is bifloral honey
Identifikasi molekuler Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Tempe dan Tape Berdasarkan Sekuen Gen 16S rRNA
Full text linkIndonesia has varied of fermented food. However, the discovery of the microbial diversity in the Indonesian traditional fermented food is inadequately conducted. In this study, we determined the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) diversity from tempeh and tape based on the nucleotide sequence of 16S rRNA gene to obtain information on the biodiversity of lactic acid bacteria in tempeh and tape origin Bali Province, and collection of lactic acid bacteria isolates have beneficial for the development of starters, food science, and genetic resources. A total of six samples of tempeh and six samples of tape were collected from Bali province. A viable count method showed that the LAB population in tempeh was 3.8 x 108 – 2.2 x 109 cfu/g and in tape was 4 x 105 - 1.1 x 108 cfu/g. A molecular identification based on the nucleotide sequence of16S rRNA gene determined six LAB species existed in tempeh (Lactobacillus fermentum, L. plantarum, Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella paramesenteroide) and six species in tape (L. fermentum, L. kunkeei, L. plantarum, L. vini, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, P. pentosaceus, W. paramesenteroides. Physiological characterization showed that all LAB isolates grew on medium containing 3% NaCl at pH 4 and pH 6.5, and at temperatures of 30°C and 45°C. Three isolates of P. pentosaceus (Su-ls21, Su-ls22, Su-ls24) exhibited catalase activity and 17 isolates belong to halotolerant bacteria, which can grow on medium containing 6.5% NaCl
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Etanol dan Waktu Maserasi terhadap Rendemen, Kadar Total Fenol dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Rumput Laut Padina australis
Full text linkPadina australis seaweed is known to contain active compounds that can be utilized in pharmaceutics and cosmetics. Ethanol concentration and maceration time are thought to affect the concentration of active compounds in the extract. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol concentration and maceration time on yield, antioxidant activity, and the total phenol content (TPC). Seaweed samples were taken from Binuangeun waters, Lebak-Banten. Extraction was conducted by maceration method using 0, 40, and 80 % (v/v) ethanol for 8, 16, and 24 hours. Antioxidant activity was carried out using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test, while the TPC was determined by colorimetry method using FolinCiocalteu reagent. The results showed that the highest extract yield was obtained when using 40 % ethanol and 16 hours maceration time, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained when using 80 % ethanol and 24 hours maceration time, while the highest TPC was obtained when using 40 % ethanol and 8 hours maceration time. Based on this research, the best antioxidant activity of extract was obtained when maceration used 80 % ethanol with a 24-hour maceration time
EFEK TERAPI PISANG TONGKA LANGIT (Musa troglodytarum) TERHADAP INDEKS ERITROSIT MENCIT (Mus musculus) MODEL MALARIA
No full textMalaria is an infectious disease that is still a major health problem in various countries, including Indonesia. Malaria parasite infection can induce changes in structure, physiology and biochemistry in hematology causing damage to erythrocytes. The use of plants in malaria treatment (phytotherapy) began to be developed at this time. Tongka langit banana (Musa troglodytarum) is one type of banana that has the potential to be developed. This study aimed to see the therapeutic effect of tongka langit banana against the erythrocyte index of mice with malaria models. The results showed that the therapy of tongka langit banana was able to increase the erythrocyte index (RBC, MCV, MCH, and MCHC) in mice with malaria, and the most effective dose is 0.75 gr/mice/day.Key Words: Tongka Langit Banana, Erythrocyte Index, Phytotherapy, Malaria
Screening Tumbuhan Alternatif Penghasil Xanthorrhizol Menggunakan Pendekatan In-Silico Berdasarkan Marker MatK
Full text linkXanthorrhizol is a compound that has many uses such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive, etc. However, this xanthorrhizol is only found in javanese turmeric (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) where this species only grows well in Indonesia. MatK from the GeneBank NCBI is used to find plants that are closely related to Curcuma zanthorrhiza. Multiple sequence alignment was done using ClustalX 1.83, and phylogenetic analysis was done using PAUP 4.0. The results of the reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree showed that white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) was the closest plant related to Curcuma zanthorrhiza. Curcuma zedoaria is a plant commonly found in tropical countries, such as India, Japan and Thailand. In Indonesia Curcuma zedoaria is known as Temu Putih. It is known that the chemical content of Temu Putih rhizome consists of curcuminoids, essential oils, and polysaccharides. Curcuminoid includes: curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, bisdemetoksikurkumin and 1,7-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -1,4,6-heptatrien-3-on. Curcuma zedoaria has rich essential oils: starch, curcumin, arabin, gums, etc. There is also more than ten sesquiterpene from Rhizome of Curcuma zedoaria such as furanodiene, furanodienone, zedorone, curzerenone, curzeone, germacrone, 13-hydroxy germacrone, dihydro-curdione, curcumenone and zedoaronediol. Based on that Curcuma zedoaria doesn’t produce xanthorrhizol naturally, but Curcuma zedoaria has a bioactive substance such as sesquiterpene and its closely related to Curcuma zanthorrhiza, genetic engineering can probably be used to produce xanthorrhizol
Penapisan Enzim Invertase dari Khamir Asal Nektar dan Madu Hutan
Full text linkYeast is unicellular eukaryotic microorganism and one of the main resources in of organic compound. The natural compounds produced by yeasts have high commercial value; one of the examples is enzyme. Enzymes are widely used in industrial production processes. The invertase enzyme has the ability to catalyze sucrose, and hydrolyze it into equimolar monosaccharides, D-glucose and D-fructose mixtures called invert sugar. Invertase itself is commonly found in various parts of plants wich has high carbon content. Honey and nectar are compounds that have high carbon contents. Very high glucose and fructose contents show high levels of sucrose hydrolysis, so it is possible to have high levels of invertase enzymes in honey and nectar. This study aims to perform screening of invertase enzyme from yeasts that isolated from the nectar and forest honey and to find out the optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme production. This research was conducted by isolating yeast contained in wild honey and flowers nectar. Then conducted by qualitative test with selective medium and benedict test method. Quantitative test of intervase unit activity measured by DNS method with OD 540 nm. Protein concentration measured by Lowry Method with OD 650 nm. From 47 isolats 16 isolates able for invertase enzymes production. Yeast isolat SG 3.2 unit activity is 0.222 U/ml and specific activity is 7.07 U/mg. Optimum production pH and temperature are 5 and 25°C, respectively