Publikasi Online Fakultas Biologi UNSOED (Universitas Jenderal Soedirman)
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Biodiversitas Belalang (Acrididae : Ordo Orthoptera) pada Agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan Ekosistem Hutan Tanaman
Get PDFPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman belalang (Acrididae: Ordo Orthoptera) pada agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan ekosistem hutan tanaman serta menentukan peran belalang pada kedua ekosistem. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survai lapangan. Parameter yang diamati pada setiap lokasi meliputi keanekaragaman vegetasi tumbuhan, pengumpulan belalang Acrididae ordo Orthoptera dan pengamatan langsung terhadap belalang Acrididae ordo Orthoptera. Keanekaragaman belalang yang ditemukan pada ekosistem dianalisis dengan indeks keanekaragaman meliputi: indeks keanekaragaman (H’), kemerataan (E) dan indeks kesamaan sorensen (C) serta analisis korelasi dan regresi. Sampel diambil dari agroekosistem (Zea mays L.) dan ekosistem hutan tanaman yang selanjutnya diulang sebanyak empat kali. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April s/d Juli 2014. Hasil penelitian ini ditemukan sebanyak 3.097 individu Orthoptera yang termasuk dalam Famili Tetrigidae, Acrididae dan Pyrgomorphidae yang terdiri dari 7 genus yaitu Atractomorpha, Criotettix, Gesunola, Hesperotettix, Miramella, Oxya, dan Valanga dengan 7 spesies. Pada agroekosistem ditemukan 3 spesies dengan 1.030 individu sedangkan pada hutan tanaman ditemukan 5 spesies dengan 2.067 individu. Hasil nilai indeks keanekaragaman Shannon-Weinner pada ekosistem hutan tanaman nilai keanekaragamannya lebih tinggi (0,6307) jika dibandingkan dengan agroekosistem (0,5325). Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka ekosistem hutan tanaman memiliki biodiversitas belalang yang lebih tinggi daripada agroekosistem (Zea mays L.)
NEMATODE COMMUNITY RESPONSE TO VARIED PROPORTION OF DECOMPOSING PLANT LITTER
Get PDFThe research objectives were to investigate nematode community response to decomposing plant litter of varying proportions, and to measure the litter decomposition rate. This greenhouse experiments included three treatments of decomposing plant litter with proportions of 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30 (leaf litter to stem-paddy litter, weight to weight), and two controls (commercial organic fertilizers and no-organic matter). We applied the prepared plant litter and organic fertilizers on the surface of the agricultural sandy soil. Soil samples were taken after two, seven, 14, 28, 49, and 77 days to follow nematode temporal changes. Nematodes were assigned to functional groups and family level of a taxon. We used Anova to test the significance of nematode abundance among the treatments, exponential decay model to measure decomposition rates of the plant litter, and canonical correspondence analysis to investigate the correlation of varying plant proportion and nematode community composition. The results showed that nematode functional groups and family did not differ among soils of various plant litter proportions. Bacterivorous Rhabditidae and Cephalobidae, fungivorous Aphelenchidae, and fungivorous-root feeder Tylenchidae inhabited plant litter amended soils. Their abundance, however, differed significantly (p<0.001) and revealed two temporal patterns, i.e., linear (50:50) and unimodal (30:70 and 70:30). No nematodes were observed in organic fertilizer amended soil and no-organic matter soil. Nematode community composition changed over time according to the litter proportion, in which by the end of experiments, community of 50:50 and 30:70 were the least similar (r: 0.57 of axis-1 and 0.54 of axis-2, CPV: 89.06). We concluded that all litter proportions retained similar quality and supported the growth of similar nematode groups. The litter proportion, however, appeared to influence nematode abundance, their temporal patterns, and community compositions
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KANDUNGAN SILIKA DENGAN KELIMPAHAN DIATOM BENTHIK DI SEPANJANG SUNGAI PELUS KABUPATEN BANYUMAS
Get PDFSilica is an element that is useful to the organism especially Diatoms (Chrysophyta: Bacillariophyceae). The sources of Silica in waters derive from weathering rock-containing silica. Diatoms are a phytoplankton that able to live as a phytobenthos distributed globally in all types of waters. The purpose of this study was to determine; the silica content, the abundance of diatoms, and the relationship between the content of silica and the abundance of diatoms in the Pelus River Banyumas. This research was conducted as a survey and samples were collected using composite sampling technique at 5 stations. Samples were collected three times with 2 weeks intervals. Two main parameters (diatoms abundance and silica content) and ten supporting parameters (temperature, current velocity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, nitrate, and ortofosfat of waters) were measured. Data of analysis calculated in this study including regression correlation analysis to determine the relationship of the silica content and the abundance of diatoms. The silica concentration in the Pelus River waters varies between 112.48-175.00 mg.l-1 with an average of 146 mg.l-1. The total abundance of benthic diatoms was 44,442 ind.cm-2. The highest diatoms abundance was at station II (11,128 ind.cm-2), the lowest was at Station IV (6,828 ind.cm-2). The relationship between silica contained in the waters and abundance of diatoms indicated by the value of R2 (coefficient of determination) by 0.38 or 38%. The abundance of Diatoms are affected 62% by the available silica in the environment, and the rest 38% e rest are determined by other factors
PENGARUH AIR REBUSAN DAUN MAMPELAS (Tetracera indica Merr.) TERHADAP KADAR KOLESTEROL DARAH MENCIT
Get PDFTetracera indica Merr. locally known as Mampelas is commonly used in traditional remedies. It believed to have the potential to cure hypercholesterolemia. The potential use of this plant to lower blood cholesterol level was understudied; therefore this study aimed to determine the effect of the infusion of fresh leaves of Tetracera indica to the blood cholesterol levels of mice. This research was true experimental design, a post-test only design with nonequivalent (control) groups. This study used 25 male mice divided into five categories, i.e., P0 mice were administered with 0 g of infusion, P1 mice with 2 g infusion, P2 mice with 5 g infusion, P3 mice with 10 g infusion, and P4 mice without Tetracera indica infusion but 10 mg of simvastatin. The treatment in all categories were given continuously for seven days. The results showed the mean of the blood cholesterol levels were 169.4 ± 59.37 mg/dL in P0, 121.8 ± 7.62 mg/dL in P1, 136.2 ± 15.69 mg/dL in P2, 110.6 ± 37 , 01 mg/dL in P3 , and 179,0 ± 35,24 mg/dL in P4. Kruskal Wallis test was calculated to determine the difference of blood cholesterol level among all groups, and it reported p < 0.05. The results of this study showed that infusion of Tetracera indica leaf was significantly lowered the level of blood cholesterol in mice
Struktur Komunitas Kepiting Intertidal pada Mangrove yang Terdegradasi di Segara Anakan Cilacap
Get PDFMakrobenthos intertidal crabs were found living in the sediment and its presence greatly affect the primary productivity in the mangrove ecosystem of Segara Anakan Cilacap. This mangrove area is the largest in the island of Java. Human activities have caused a lot of pressure. The objective of this study is 1) to determine the structure of the different intertidal crab communities on degraded mangrove; 2) to know the different sediment texture on degraded mangrove in Segara Anakan Cilacap. This research was carried in two mangrove areas based on mangrove canopy cover percentage namely 80% and 30% canopy cover. The research method for crab community structure was survey conducted by cluster sampling method from January-March 2013. The structure of the intertidal crab of different communities in normal mangrove areas and damaged mangroves. In the normal mangrove area, the number of species found in normal intertidal crab included 15 species consisting of 592 individual, while in the damaged mangrove area there were 14 species consisting of 845 individual. The normal mangrove area has clayey silt sediment texture, while the damaged mangrove area has the sand sediment texture of silt clay
UJI MEDIA PEMELIHARAAN Mesocyclops aspericornis (Daday) DARI BERBAGAI KOTORAN TERNAK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI COPEPODIT
No full textNatural predators of mosquito larvae are known and used as biological control of the mosquito larvae of Aedes aegypti, one of them is a copepod, Mesocyclops aspericornis. The effectiveness of the biological control of Aedes aegypti larvae requires an efficient method to rear Mesocyclops aspericornis copepodite. This research aimed to determine the feasibility of various organic manures, i.e., cow dung (RKS), goat manure (RKK), and marmot manure (RKM) as aquaculture media of M. aspericornis copepodite. This experiment was conducted in the laboratory using a post-test only control group design. The group design consisted of 5 concentrations of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, each with three replicates for each organic manure media. The statistical analyses showed each organic manure medium was not significantly affecting (p = 0.521) the copepod aquaculture. However, the concentration of the manure has a significant correlation with the number of copepodites raised (p = 0.001). Games-Howell test suggested the most effective manure concentration to rear M. aspericornis copepodite was 25%
Perubahan Kadar Estradiol dan Histologi Uterus Mencit (Mus musculus) Betina dengan Induksi Progesteron Sintetik
Get PDFThe purpose of this research was to determine the effect of progesterone to estradiol levels and histology of uterus, to test the effect of estrous cycle to uterus histology of females’ mice after treated by progesterone in birth control pills. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Females Mus musculus Balb-C and synthetic progesterone (cyproterone acetate) contained in ‘Diane-35’ birth control pills were used in this study. The research consisted of two treatment groups, i.e. group K had no treatment and group P treated by a solution of Diane-35 at a dose of 2.6 mg per 5 mL distilled water. Results on the effects of progesterone on endometrial thickness suggested that there were significant differences between treatment groups. Meanwhile, the effect of progesterone on estradiol levels indicated that there were no significant differences among treatment groups. This means that the thickness of the endometrium was strongly influenced by the presence of a synthetic progesterone hormone and induced endometrium growth thicker. The levels of estradiol are not significantly different due to a negative feedback mechanism of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (estrogen effect) and Luteinizing Hormone (progesterone effect). The greatest thickness of endometrium of estrous cycle was treated by progesterone, which was 0.2500 mm2
Potensi Daun Trembilungan (Begonia hirtella Link) sebagai Antibakteri dan Antifungi
Get PDFBegonia hirtella leaf are commonly used by people in mountainous areas to treat itchy due to insect bites and skin infection. This study aims to (1) determine proper solvent extract of B. hirtella leaf on antibacterial activity of S. aureus and E. coli and on antifungal activity of C. albicans (2) determine the lowest concentration of leaf extract of B. hirtella that indicate the formation of inhibition zone (3) know the content of bioactive compounds contained in each leaf extract of B. hirtella. The method used in this study is experimental with completely randomized design (CRD). The treatments were type of solvents (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water) and a serie of the ethyl acetate extract concentration of 500 ppm, 450 ppm, 400 ppm, 350 ppm, 300 ppm and 250 ppm against S. aureus, E. coli and C. albicans. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (Anova) and the significant differences between the treatments were analyzed by Duncan test at 95% confidence level. The result showed that each solvent extracts affect microbes growth with a highly significant difference p <0.05. Solvent extracts that have the best inhibitory zone is ethyl acetate against S. aureus with an average diameter of inhibitory zone 13.75 ± 1.26 mm. Increasing concentrations of ethyl acetate extract of 250 ppm to 500 ppm increase inhibition zone against microbes. The lowest concentration that show inhibition zone was 300 ppm. The formation inhibition of zone on microbes growth happened due to their compounds in the extract. Extract of n-hexane contains stigmasterol, ethyl acetate contains neophytadiene, while the ethanol extract contains ethyl palmitat
Efek NAA dan BAP terhadap Pembentukan Tunas, Daun, dan Tinggi Tunas Stek Mikro Nepenthes ampullaria Jack.
Get PDFThis study aimed to know the interaction between NAA and BAP as well as to obtain the best combination of both treatments in promoting the growth of Nepenthes ampullariamicrocutting.An experiment arranged in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) wasapplied. Stem segments were used as blocks, where block I was the first segment followed by the next two segments as block II and III respectively. Two factors, i.e. NAA concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 µM) and BAP concentrations (0, 9, 18, 27 µM) were employed giving rise to 16 combination of treatments. Each treatment combination was replicated threetimes resulting in 48 experimental units. The parametersmeasured were date of shoot initiation, date of root initiation, shoot number, leaf number, root number, length of longest leafand shoot height. The results showed that interactionbetween NAA and BAP in promoting N. ampullariamicrocutting growth was observed. Combination between NAA of 0 µM and BAP of 18 µMwas found to be the best in promoting N. ampullariamicrocutting growth.Meanwhile, combination between NAA 0 µM and BAP 27 µM was recommended to promote shoot number of N. ampullaria
Perkembangan Awal Protocorm Anggrek Phalaenopsis amabilis secara In Vitro setelah Penambahan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh α-Naphtaleneacetic Acid dan Thidiazuron
Get PDFPhalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume merupakan salah satu anggrek alam dengan nilai komersial yang tinggi. Keberadaannya di alam semakin sukar dijumpai akibat eksploitasi berlebihan dan kerusakan hutan. Selain itu budidaya anggrek ini cukup sulit dilakukan karena biji bersifat mikroskopis dan tidak memiliki endosperm, sehingga perlu dilakukan kultur in vitro. Dalam budidaya secara in vitro diperlukan medium pendukung pertumbuhan anggrek secara optimal misalnya dengan penambahan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) dari golongan auksin dan sitokinin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ZPT tersebut terhadap perkembangan protokorm (pertumbuhan embrio anggrek) P. amabilis secara in vitro dari aspek morfologi dan anatomi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi dan Laboratorium Struktur Perkembangan Tumbuhan. Digunakan protokorm anggrek P. amabilis berumur 2 bulan. Protokorm disubkultur pada medium NP dengan kombinasi ZPT NAA dan TDZ pada berbagai konsentrasi dan diinkubasi pada ruangan dengan kelembaban tinggi, suhu 250C. Kemudian diamati protokorm anggrek selama 2 minggu yang mencakup persentase pertumbuhan, persentase protokorm yang membentuk tunas dan absorbing hair. Pembuatan preparat anatomi dilakukan dengan mengambil protokorm setiap minggunya, disimpan dalam larutan alkohol 70% dan dibuat preparat anatomi menggunakan metode Parafin dengan pewarnaan safranin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada penambahan NAA dan TDZ pertumbuhan protokorm mencapai 100%. Persentase protokorm yang membentuk tunas berturut turut (0:0, 0.2:0, 0:0.5, 0.2:0.5, 0:1, dan 0.2:1) ppm adalah 24%, 22%, 32%, 40%, 40% dan 38% sedangkan untuk pengamatan protokorm yang membentuk absorbing hair sebesar 10%, 18%, 14%, 24%, 16%, dan 0%. Untuk diameter sel berukuran 39.2±0.47µm, 44.4±0.97µm, 39.08±0.5µm, 38.83±0.2µm,39.5±0.39µm dan 39.75±0.28µm. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan medium yang paling optimal dalam pertumbuhan anggrek P. amabilis secara in vitro adalah medium NP dengan kombinasi NAA dan TDZ (0.2 : 0.5) ppm.Kata kunci : Anatomi, Kultur In Vitro, Morfologi, Phalaenopsis amabili